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SSRN 2024年

作者： Nardella, Lorenza Sebastiani, Alessandro Stafoggia, Massimo Buonocore, Elvira Franzese, Pier Paolo Manes, Fausto International PhD Programme/UNESCO Chair "Environment Resources and Sustainable Development" Department of Science and Technology Parthenope University of Naples Via F. Petrarca 80 Naples80123 Italy National Research Council of Italy Institute on Terrestrial Ecosystems Strada Provinciale 35d 9 Montelibretti00010 Italy Department of Epidemiology Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1 Via C. Colombo 112 Rome Italy Department of Environmental Biology Sapienza University of Rome p.le Aldo Moro 5 Rome00185 Italy

Over the last decades, the environmental burden borne by natural ecosystems to sustain life in urban areas has considerably increased. For this reason, the network of interconnected green areas and features, referred to as Urban Green Infrastructure, is increasingly being promoted as a valuable means to enhance the life quality of city dwellers by providing Ecosystem *** present a spatial analysis of Ecosystem Services provision and synergies/trade-offs along the urban-rural gradient for the following Italian coastal Metropolitan cities: Genoa, Rome, Bari, Naples, Cagliari, Reggio Calabria and Palermo. We focused our attention on three macro classes of human-induced environmental pressures that are particularly critical to the quality of life in urban contexts, namely air pollution, UHI effect, and alteration of the water *** found that all of the selected Ecosystem Services, besides a few exceptions, are provided as a bundle, which means they appear together repeatedly, forming an association. On average, the Ecosystem Services provision grows at comparable paces moving from the inner urban core towards the peri urban and rural areas. As a consequence, most densely urbanized areas were found to be Ecosystem Services coldspots compared to peri urban and rural areas. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Rural areas

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High Acclimation Capacity of Growth and the Role of Soil Fertility Demonstrated in Long-Range Transfers Of Betula Pendula And Betula Pubescens Origins between Finland and Italy

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Oksanen, Elina Silfver, Tarja Ghelardini, Luisa Francesco, Pecori Nieminen, Kaisa Helena, Ruhanen Matti, Rousi Alberto, Santini Juha, Mikola Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Yliopistonkatu 7 POB 111 Joensuu80101 Finland Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti15140 Finland Piazzale delle Cascine 18 Firenze50144 Italy National Research Council CNR Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Latokartanonkaari 9 Helsinki00790 Finland Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Yliopistonranta 1 POB 1627 Kuopio70211 Finland Halolantie 31 A Maaninka71750 Finland

The acclimation capacity of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens was studied in a four-year common garden experiment. The common garden locations extended from central Italy (43°N) to southern (61°N) and northern Finland (67°N), representing drastically different photoperiod and climate in temperate, boreal and subarctic vegetation zones. At each location, two replicate study sites with different soil fertility were selected, giving a total of six common gardens. The birch material was micropropagated from naturally regenerated stands of B. pendula and B. pubescens from Susa Valley and Rochemolle Valley in northern Italy, Punkaharju in southern Finland and Kittilä in northern Finland. The plants were measured for height growth, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf herbivory and pathogen damage. A parallel laboratory test of soil fertility effects was carried out to estimate the impact of soil properties on common garden results. The results show high acclimation capacity of B. pendula and B. pubescens after a long-range transfer from southern to northern Europe, despite the major shift in climate and photoperiod. The first-year growth was on average best for all origins in boreal southern Finland. B. pendula grew more than B. pubescens in Italy and southern Finland, while B. pubescens grew more in northern Finland and better tolerated the northward transfer. The height growth of origins showed a clear latitude gradient from slowly growing northern to fast growing southern origins under nursery and laboratory conditions, but not in field conditions. Soil fertility explained a significant part of variation among locations not only in growth parameters, but also in leaf chlorophyll content and leaf herbivore and pathogen damages. The greatest leaf herbivore and pathogen damage was found in southern Finland. Our results demonstrate a good survival of birch origins from northern Italy in Finnish conditions and support the possibility of long-range south-to-no

关键词： Soils

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A decision support tool for ship biofouling management in the Baltic Sea

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Luoma, Emilia Laurila-Pant, Mirka Altarriba, Elias Helle, Inari Granhag, Lena Lehtiniemi, Maiju Srėbalienė, Greta Olenin, Sergej Lehikoinen, Annukka Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Finland Logistics and Seafaring Kotka Finland Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Finland Kotka Maritime Research Centre Kotka Finland University of Helsinki Finland Helsinki Finland Department of Mechanics and Maritime Sciences Chalmers University of Technology Gothenburg Sweden Finnish Environment Institute Marine Research Center Helsinki Finland Klaipeda University Marine Research Institute Klaipeda Lithuania

Biofouling of ships causes major environmental and economic consequences all over the world. In addition, biofouling management of ship hulls causes both social, environmental and economic risks that should all be considered reaching well-balanced decisions. In addition, each case is unique and thus optimal management strategy must be considered case-specifically. We produced a novel decision support tool using Bayesian networks to promote the comprehensive understanding about the complex biofouling management issue in the Baltic Sea and to identify potential management options and their consequences. The tool compares the biofouling management strategies in relation to NIS (non-indigenous species) introduction risk, eco-toxicological risk due to biocidal coating, carbon dioxide emissions resulting from fuel consumption and costs related to fuel consumption, in-water cleaning and coating. According to the results, the optimal biofouling management strategy would consist of a biocidal-free coating with regular in-water cleaning and with devices collecting the material. However, the best biocidal-free coating type and the optimal in-water cleaning interval varies and depends e.g. on the operational profile of the ship. The decision support tool can increase the multi-perspective understanding about the issue and support the implementation of the optimal biofouling management strategies in the Baltic Sea. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Nutrient dynamics and development of soil fauna in vegetated roofs with the focus on biochar amendment

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Nature-Based Solutions 2021年 1卷

作者： Kuoppamäki, Kirsi Setälä, Heikki Hagner, Marleena Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FIN-15140 Finland Plant Health Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Jokioinen 31600 Finland

The impacts of biochar amendment on the quality and quantity of runoff, substrate properties and soil fauna in two types of experimental vegetated roofs (‘plantings’ and ‘mats’) were examined during a 7-year period in southern Finland. Biochar reduced the leaching of phosphorus (P) in both plantings, which were established with seeds of meadow plants in a 100-mm-thick crushed brick mixture as growth medium, and mats comprising a 40-mm-thick layer of pregrown vegetation on a 60-mm-thick crushed brick mixture. Biochar reduced nitrogen (N) leaching only in plantings, where it positively impacted the plant cover. Nutrient loads declined with ageing of the roofs, but elevated P loads were measured following fertilization 6 years after establishment, with no mitigating impact of biochar on P leaching. Fertilization did not affect plant cover. Although nutrient loads from nonvegetated roofs were lower than from vegetated roofs in individual rain events, the difference in cumulative annual loads between vegetated and nonvegetated roofs was narrowed down by the high rainfall retention by vegetated roofs. Neither biochar amendment nor substrate organic matter content had any consistent impacts on the numbers and stability of soil fauna. Despite the extreme abiotic conditions in the vegetated roofs, the soil animal communities were unexpectedly diverse, with high population densities. © 2021 The Author(s)

关键词： Green roof Green-roof substrates Soil fauna Stormwater quality Urban runoff

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Corrigendum to "Nutritional additives dominance in driving the bacterial communities succession and bioremediation of hydrocarbon and heavy metal contaminated soil microcosms" [Microbiol. Res. 270 (2023) 127343]

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Microbiological research 2023年 271卷 127359页

作者： Simone Cavazzoli Andrea Squartini Aki Sinkkonen Martin Romantschuk Anna-Lea Rantalainen Ville Selonen Marja I Roslund Department of Civil Environmental and Mechanical Engineering DICAM University of Trento Via Mesiano 77 38123 Trento Italy Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI-15140 Finland. Electronic address: simone.cavazzoli@unitn.it. Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals and Environment DAFNAE University of Padova Viale dell'Università 16 Legnaro 35020 Italy. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI-15140 Finland Natural Resources Institute Finland Luke Horticulture Technologies Turku Helsinki Finland. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI-15140 Finland.

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High Acclimation Capacity of Growth and the Key Role of Soil Demonstrated in Long-Range Reciprocal Transfers of Betula Pendula and Betula Pubescens Origins between Finland and Italy

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Oksanen, Elina Tarja, Silfver Ghelardini, Luisa Francesco, Pecori Nieminen, Kaisa Helena, Ruhanen Matti, Rousi Alberto, Santini Juha, Mikola Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Yliopistonkatu 7 POB 111 Joensuu80101 Finland Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti15140 Finland Piazzale delle Cascine 18 Firenze50144 Italy National Research Council CNR Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection Via Madonna del Piano 10 Sesto Fiorentino50019 Italy Latokartanonkaari 9 Helsinki00790 Finland Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences University of Eastern Finland Yliopistonranta 1 POB 1627 Kuopio70211 Finland Halolantie 31 A Maaninka71750 Finland

The acclimation capacity of Betula pendula and Betula pubescens was studied in a four-year common garden experiment. The common garden locations extended from Italy (43°N) to southern (61°N) and northern Finland (67°N), representing drastically different climatic conditions in temperate, boreal and sub-arctic vegetation zones. At each location, two replicate study sites, differing in soil fertility, were selected, giving a total of six common gardens. The birch material was micropropagated from naturally regenerated stands of B. pendula and B. pubescens from Susa Valley and Rochemolle Valley (Northern Italy), Punkaharju (southern Finland) and Kittilä (northern Finland). The plants were measured for height growth, stem diameter, leaf chlorophyll content, and leaf herbivory and pathogen damage (Melampsoridium betulinum in particular). A parallel laboratory test of soil fertility was conducted to evaluate the impact of soil properties on the results. The results show high acclimation capacity of B. pendula and B. pubescens species after a long-range transfer from southern to northern Europe, despite the major shift in climatic and photoperiodic conditions. The first-year growth was on average best for all origins in boreal southern Finland. Of the species, B. pendula showed higher growth rate in Italy and southern Finland, while B. pubescens was better adapted to harsh sub-arctic conditions and better tolerated the northward transfer. Among origins, growth rate increased towards southern origins in nursery and laboratory conditions, but not in field conditions. Soil fertility explained a great share of variation among locations not only in growth parameters, but also in leaf chlorophyll concentrations and leaf herbivore and pathogen damages. The greatest leaf herbivore and pathogen damage was generally found in southern Finland, and of the origins, those from northern Finland were most susceptible to pathogen damage in there. Our results encourage for long-range south-

关键词： Location

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Novel community data in ecology-properties and prospects

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Hartig, Florian Abrego, Nerea Bush, Alex Chase, Jonathan M. Guillera-Arroita, Gurutzeta Leibold, Mathew A. Ovaskainen, Otso Pellissier, Loïc Pichler, Maximilian Poggiato, Giovanni Pollock, Laura Si-Moussi, Sara Thuiller, Wilfried Viana, Duarte S. Warton, David Zurell, Damaris Yu, Douglas W. Theoretical Ecology University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany JyväskyläFI-40014 Finland Lancaster Environment Centre Lancaster University United Kingdom Halle-Jena-Leipzig Germany Pyrenean Institute of Ecology CSIC Spain Biology Department University of Florida GainesvilleFL United States Organismal and Evolutionary Biology Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki P.O. Box 65 Helsinki00014 Finland Ecosystems and Landscape Evolution Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems Department of Environmental Systems Science ETH Zürich Zurich8092 Switzerland Birmensdorf8903 Switzerland Univ. Grenoble Alpes Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc CNRS LECA GrenobleF38000 France Department of Biology McGill University MontrealQC Canada Spain University of New South Wales Australia University of Potsdam Potsdam Germany Kunming Institute of Zoology Yunnan China University of East Anglia Norfolk United Kingdom

New technologies for acquiring biological information such as eDNA, acoustic or optical sensors, make it possible to generate spatial community observations at unprecedented scales. The potential of these novel community data to standardize community observations at high spatial, temporal, and taxonomic resolution and at large spatial scale ('many rows and many columns') has been widely discussed, but so far, there has been little integration of these data with ecological models and theory. Here, we review these developments and highlight emerging solutions, focusing on statistical methods for analyzing novel community data, in particular joint species distribution models;the new ecological questions that can be answered with these data;and the potential implications of these developments for policy and conservation. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Conservation

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A more sustainable urban future calls for action: The city of Lahti as European Green Capital 2021

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Journal of Urban Ecology 2021年第1期7卷

作者： MacGregor-Fors, Ian García-Arroyo, Michelle Johan Kotze, D. Ojala, Elina Setälä, Heikki Vauramo, Saara Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FI-15140 Finland Environmental Development City of Lahti Askonkatu 2 Lahti FI-15100 Finland Sustainable Lahti Foundation Rautatienkatu 20 Lahti FI-15100 Finland

In 2020, a small urban center from southern Finland, the City of Lahti, was awarded the 2021 European Green Capital, which recognizes and rewards local efforts that seek to improve the urban environment, together with its economy and the quality of life for its inhabitants, further posing ambitious goals for ecological improvement. In this commentary, we describe some of the key elements that made Lahti the 2021 European Green Capital, as well as some of the future plans for the city. We also highlight the importance of research-based knowledge as the foundation for achieving better outcomes in urban decision making. © The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press.

关键词： European Green Capital Finland Urban ecology

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Correction to: Ecotoxicology of Polystyrene Microplastic Fragments: Oxidative Stress Effects in Neonate Versus Adult Daphnia magna

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Water, Air, & Soil Pollution 2024年第3期235卷 1-1页

作者： Esterhuizen, Maranda Lee, Sang-Ah Järvinen, Riikka Kim, Youngsam Pflugmacher, Stephan Kim, Young Jun Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Helsinki Lahti Finland Helsinki Institute of Sustainability Science (HELSUS) Helsinki Finland Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment Earth and Resources University of Manitoba Winnipeg Canada Korea Institute of Science and Technology Europe (KIST Europe) Forschungsgesellschaft GmbH Joint Laboratory of Applied Ecotoxicology Environmental Safety Group Universität des Saarlandes Saarbrücken Germany Faculty of Biotechnology College of Applied Life Sciences Jeju National University Jeju Republic of Korea

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Using biochar to purify runoff in road verges of urbanised watersheds: A large-scale field lysimeter study

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Watershed Ecology and the environment 2019年 1卷 15-25页

作者： Kuoppamäki, K. Hagner, M. Valtanen, M. Setälä, H. Faculty of Biological and Environmental Sciences Ecosystems and Environment Research Programme University of Helsinki Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FIN-15140 Finland Plant Health Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke) Tietotie 2 Jokioinen FIN-31600 Finland Ramboll Finland Niemenkatu 73 Lahti FIN-15140 Finland

Urban runoff from traffic areas is a major source of pollution that degrades the quality of adjacent surface waters. Green infrastructure provided by the substantial amount of roadside land at urban fringe areas can be used to better manage and infiltrate this urban runoff. When establishing urban green areas, recycled materials should be preferred in order to achieve economically feasible and environmentally responsible solutions. Wastewater treatment plants within e.g. the EU yield substantial amounts of solids containing nutrients and metals that need to be utilised in a sustainable way. However, soil composted from such sewage sludge is being used widely in constructing green infrastructure, such as parks and road verges, which may jeopardise their use for stormwater management even though the effects of sewage sludge at road verges on the quality of runoff waters have not been subjected to scientific examination. Biochar has been suggested to retain pollutants and may also meet the criteria of being recycled material. We established artificial biofilter structures, mimicking road verges, in large-scale field lysimeters under cold climatic conditions in southern Finland to study the ability of biochar to retain pollutants leaching from composted sewage sludge and from infiltrating artificial stormwater. The topmost 15 cm consisted of an organic layer of either natural peat (Peat) or soil composted from sewage sludge either mixed with birch-derived biochar (3% by volume) or without this biochar (Comp+bc and Comp, respectively). At the end of the 1st growing period grasses growing in the lysimeters had taken up to 32% of phosphorus in the top soil containing compost. Leaching of phosphorus did not differ between the treatments, while nitrogen (N) leaching was ten time larger from Comp than Peat. Leaching of heavy metals, such as nickel and copper, was also significantly higher from compost soils than peat, but biochar significantly reduced metal leaching from comp

关键词： Biofiltration Metals Nutrients Pollution retention Sludge Stormwater

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