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Reduction of the bowing in MOVPE AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures by using an interlayer insertion method

physica status solidi c 2003年第7期

作者： M. Sakai T. Egawa H. Ishikawa T. Jimbo Research and Development Center NGK INSULATORS LTD. 2-56 Suda-cho Mizuho-ku Nagoya 467-8530 Japan Research Center for Nano-Device and System Nagaya Institute of Technology Gokiso-cho Showa-ku Nagoya 466-8555 Japan

AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) structures with reduced bowing were demonstrated using an interlayer insertion method. The InGaN interlayers had an effect of suppressing the epiwafer bowing up to 20 μm. By using InGaN/GaN multilayers as an interlayer, the epiwafer bowing was drastically decreased by up to 9.4 μm. The mobility of AlGaN/GaN HEMT structures with 10-period InGaN/GaN interlayers was 1083 cm 2 /Vs with the sheet carrier concentration, N s , of 1.1 × 10 13 at room temperature and 4997 cm 2 /Vs with N s of 1.1 × 10 13 cm 2 /Vs at 77 K. The FWHM of the X-ray rocking curve for (0004) reflection was 259 arcsec. The fabricated 2-μm-length and 15-μm-width high electron mobility transistor showed a high drain current ( I DSmax = 617 mA/mm) and a high transconductance ( g mmax = 174 mS/mm). The interlayer insertion method is effective for suppressing the epiwafer bowing. It may be a good solution for reducing the bowing of large-diameter epiwafers. (© 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

关键词： 73.21.Ac 85.30.De

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40th EASD Annual Meeting of the European Association for the Study of Diabetes : Munich, Germany, 5-9 September 2004

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Diabetologia 2004年第SUPPL 1期47卷 A1-A464页

作者： Veitenhansl, M. Stegner, K. Hierl, F.-X. Dieterle, C. Feldmeier, H. Gutt, B. Landgraf, R. Garrow, A. P. Vileikyte, L. Findlow, A. Waterman, C. Boulton, A. J. M. Shankhdhar, K. Shankhdhar, L. Shankhdhar, U. Petrova, N. L. Foster, A. V. M. Edmonds, M. E. Ferraresi, R. Caravaggi, C. De Giglio, R. Cavaiani, P. Pogliaghi, I. Sommariva, E. Katz, I. A. Harlan, A. Miranda-Palma, B. Prieto-Sanchez, L. Armstrong, D. G. Bowker, J. H. Mizel, M. S. Cernea, S. Wohlgelernter, J. Kidron, M. Modi, P. Raz, I. Arbit, E. Nosek, L. Kapitza, C. Beckett, P. Gelfand, R. Goldberg, M. Heise, T. Testa, M. A. Turner, R. R. Hayes, J. F. Scranton, R. E. Simonson, D. C. Yang, Y.-W. Hsu, Y.-J. Naujok, O. Francini, F. Jörns, A. Tiedge, M. Lenzen, S. Abdel-Wahab, Y. H. A. Marenah, L. Orr, D. F. Shaw, C. Flatt, P. R. Chokkalingam, K. Mansell, P. I. Clausen, P. Ekbom, P. Damm, P. Feldt-Rasmussen, U. Nielsen, B. Mathiesen, E. R. Feldt-Rasmussen, B. Dewan, S. Da Silva, N. Ternan, P. Mc Leong, K. S. Wilding, J. P. H. Asatiani, N. Kurashvili, R. Dundua, M. Shelestova, E. Pagava, K. Ramazashvili, M. Hod, M. Smirnov, S. Petersen, J. L. A. Justesen, T. I. Ringholm Nielsen, L. Müller, C. Højlund, K. Wensaas, A. Kase, E. T. Aas, V. Rustan, A. C. Thoresen, G. H. Levin, K. Beck-Nielsen, H. Gaster, M. Im, S.-S. Kang, S.-Y. Kim, S.-Y. Ahn, Y.-H. Lihn, A. S. Schmoll, D. Werner, T. Kienitz, A. Meyer, M. Barthel, A. Ailett, F. Sutherland, C. Walther, R. Grempler, R. Sasson, S. Reich, R. Tenenbaum, T. Alpert, E. Anfossi, G. Russo, I. Traversa, M. Massucco, P. Mattiello, L. Doronzo, G. Trovati, M. Lally, S. Tan, C. Y. Owens, D. Tomkin, G. H. Porchay, I. Péan, F. Bellili, N. Betoulle, D. Balkau, B. Tichet, J. Marre, M. Fumeron, F. Chatellier, G. Alhenc-Gelas, F. Nichols, G. A. Brown, J. B. Hayes, R. P. Bowman, L. Drexel, H. Saely, C. H. Marte, T. Benzer, W. Langer, P. Hoefle, G. Moll, W. Aczel, S. Karagiannis, E. Lübben, G. Urquhart, R. Edwards, G. Bruce, S. Howlett, H. S. C. Cugnardey, N. Turner, K. C. Park, J.-S. Fiedorek, F. T. Avogaro, A. Gallo, A. Pinton, P. Riz Innenstadt Klinikum der Universität München München Germany Diabetes Center Medizinische Klinik München Germany Medicine The University of Manchester Manchester UK Medicine University of Manchester Manchester UK Podiatry The University of Salford Manchester UK Department of Medicine/Division of Endocrinology Diabetes and Metabolism University of Miami Miami USA Department of Medicine Manchester Royal Infirmary Manchester UK Podiatry L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Diabetology L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Medical Nutrition L.K.Diabetes Centre Lucknow India Diabetic Foot Clinic King’s College Hospital London UK Haemodinamic Department - Cardiovascular Division Magenta Hospital Milan Italy Center for the Study and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Pathology Abbiategrasso Hospital Milan Italy Center for the Study and Treatment of Diabetic Foot Pathology Abbiategrasso Hospital Abbiategrasso Italy Department of Orthopedics University of Miami Miami USA Department of Surgery Southern Arizona Veterans Affairs Medical Center Tucson USA Surgery Southern Arizona VA Medical Center Tucson USA Podiatric Medicine and Surgery Rosalind Franklin University School of Medicine and Science North Chicago USA Diabetes Department Center of Diabetes Nutrition and Metabolic Disorders Clug-Napoca Romania Diabetes Unit Hadassah University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Diabetes Unit Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Research Department Generex Biotechnology Corporation Toronto Canada Hadassah Hebrew University Hospital Jerusalem Israel Medical Research Emisphere Technologies Inc. New York USA Profil Institut fuer Stoffwechselforschung GmbH Neuss Germany Profil Institute for Metabolic Research Neuss Germany Management Profil Inst. für Stoffwechselforschung Düsseldorf Germany Institute for Metabolic Research Profil Neuss Germany Biostatistics Harvard School of Public Health Boston USA Clinical Research Phase V Technologies Wellesley Hills US

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Challenge - Naval force development

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Naval Engineers Journal 2004年第3期116卷 57-62页

作者： Hamilton, Charles S. Program Executive Officer for Ships REAR ADMIRAL HAMILTON is a native of Amityville New York. He attended Duke University graduating in May 1974 with a bachelor of science in zoology. He was commissioned in the Navy in May 1974 through the NROTC Program at Duke. Rear Adm. Hamilton's sea tours include electronics material officer and combat information center officer in USS Hawkins (DD 873) (1974 to 1976) fire control officer and missile officer in USS Coontz (DDG 40) (1976 to1978) operations officer in USS Callaghan (DDG 994) (1981 to 1984) executive officer USS Fox (CG 33) (1986 to 1988) and commanding officer USS O'Brien (DD 975) (1991 to 1993). Rear Adm. Hamilton's shore tours include anti-submarine warfare program analyst and administrative assistant to director Program Resource Appraisal Division (OP-91) Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (1984 to 1986) head Aegis Destroyer Section (OP-355F) and financial coordinator Aegis Cruiser Destroyer Branch Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (1988 to 1990) and military staff specialist for naval war-fare in the Office of the Under Secretary of Defense (Acquisition and Technology) (1994 to 1996). In May 1996 Rear Adm. Hamilton became program manager for the arsenal ship which was designed to provide massed precision fires in support of Fleet commander's warfighting requirements. After completing the first two design phases and passing significant acquisition reform lessons learned to the DD 21 Program Office Rear Adm. Hamilton closed down the Arsenal Ship Program in March 1998. From April 1998 to February 2000 Rear Adm. Hamilton served as deputy for Fleet in the Program Executive Office Theater Surface Combatants (PEO TSC-F). In this position he was responsible for Fleet Introduction and Lifetime Support of 120 surface combatants (DDG 51 CG 47 DDG 993 DD 963 FFG 7). Rear Adm. Hamilton served as program executive officer for Surface Strike (PEO (S)) from February 2000 until November 2002. As PEO (S) he managed the Zumwalt-class DD 21/DD (X) N

The challenges which stood as an obstacle to the naval force development are discussed. The main challenge in the national security environment is to be virtually available anywhere in the world at the behest of the national command. It is observed that in surface warefare coast guard has the most applicability and expansion of their surveillance area will help in engaging other vessels away from the manned platform. It is also observed that the relationship with mission modularity and the growth between the coast guard and the navy has attracted interest among the international community.

关键词： Marine engineering

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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central Control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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Spatial distribution of Anopheles gambiae and Anopheles funestus and malaria transmission in Suba District, Western Kenya

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Insect Science and its Application 2003年第3期23卷 187-196页

作者： Shililu, Josephat I. Mbogo, Charles M. Mutero, Clifford M. Gunter, James T. Swalm, Chris Regens, James L. Keatings, Joseph Yan, Guiyun Githure, John I. Beier, John C. Human Health Division International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE) 00100 Nairobi P. O. Box 30772 Kenya Centre for Geographic Medicine Research-Coast Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) Kilifi P. O. Box 428 Kenya Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology Nairobi Kenya Institute for Science and Public Policy Sarkeys Energy Center University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73019-1006 100 E. Boyd United States Department of International Health and Development School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA 70112 1440 Canal St. United States Department of Pharmacology Tulane University Health Science Center SL18 New Orleans LA 70112-2699 1430 Tulane Av United States Department of Biological Sciences State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14260 United States CGIAR System-wide Initiative on Malaria and Agriculture (SIMA) International Water Management Institute (IMWI) Silverton 0184 141 Creswell Street South Africa 0127 Silverton Pretoria Private Bag X 813 South Africa Department of Tropical Medicine School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine Tulane University New Orleans LA 70112 1430 Tulane Ave. United States National Malaria Control Programme Ministry of Health Asmara P. O. Box 212 Eritrea University of Miami School of Medicine Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Miami FL 33136 1801 NW 9th Avenue United States

The study reported here evaluated the distribution, relative abundance, and malaria transmission potential of Anopheles mosquitoes at 30 sites representing different ecological strata in western Kenya. Seasonal variation in anopheline densities and transmission potential, as expressed by entomological inoculation rates (EIR), was investigated. Of the 6491 indoor resting anopheline mosquitoes collected at the 30 sites, 91.3% (n = 5926) were An. gambiae s.l. and 8.7% (n = 565) were An. funestus with an average house density of 6.58 and 0.63, respectively. Analysis of the data indicated significant variation in mosquito densities between study sites, species and season. High densities of both An. gambiae and An. funestus were recorded in the northern and northeastern parts of the district, while generally low densities were recorded in the south. Anopheles gambiae s.s. and An. arabiensis comprised 60.3% (n = 3573) and 39.7% (n = 2352) of the total number of An. gambiae s.l. mosquitoes collected, respectively. The composition of the An. gambiae s.l. sibling species showed temporal and spatial variation. Entomologic inoculation rates were estimated at 1.55 and 0.12 infective bites per person per month for An. gambiae s.l. and An. funestus, respectively. This study reveals considerable seasonal and site-specific variation in vector distribution, composition and transmission potential. Application of control interventions must therefore consider seasonal variations since the vectorial system changes quite rapidly over a short period of time. © 2003 ICIPE.

关键词： Anopheles funestus Anopheles gambaie EIR Spatial distribution Vector control

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Parameter estimation of regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system based on PSCAD/EMTDC

Parameter estimation of regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transm...

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International Conference on Power system technology, PowerCon 2002

作者： Jing, Yong Ren, Zhen Ou, Kaijian Yu, Jun Electric Power College South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Power System Simulation Center Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)0780374592

The ±500 kV bipolar, direct current Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system with a rating of 1800 MW was been put into operation by the middle of 2001. Constant current regulator, constant voltage regulator and constant extinction-angle regulator are three basic regulators which determine the regulative performance of the HVDC transmission system. They are all PI regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system. The parameters of three PI regulators, i.e. gain Kp and time constant Tn have a notable effect on the their characteristics, so the parameter estimations of these regulators are very necessary. This paper points out that PSCAD/EMTDC is an excellent software for parameter estimation of the regulators in an HVDC transmission system. Based on this software, the parameters of three basic regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system are estimated. The results of the estimation which are presented in this paper are able to meet the requirements of project technique criterion. © 2002 IEEE.

关键词： Parameter estimation

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Elimination of crucial faults by a new selective testing method

Elimination of crucial faults by a new selective testing met...

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International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering (ISESE)

作者： M. Hirayama T. Yamamoto J. Okayasu O. Mizuno T. Kikuno Research and Development Center System Engineering Laboratory Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Toshiba Corporation Osaka University Japan Research and Development Center System Engineering Laboratory Toshiba Corporation Japan Graduate School of Information Science and Technology Osaka University Japan

Recent software systems contain a lot of functions to provide various services. According to this tendency, software testing becomes more difficult than before and cost of testing increases so much, since many test items are required. In this paper we propose and discuss such a new selective software testing method that is constructed from previous testing method by simplifying testing specification. We have presented, in the previous work, a selective testing method to perform highly efficient software testing. The selective testing method has introduced an idea of functional priority testing and generated test items according to their functional priorities. Important functions with high priorities are tested in detail, and functions with low priorities are tested less intensively. As a result, additional cost for generating testing instructions becomes relatively high. In this paper in order to reduce its cost, we change the way of giving information, with respect to priorities. The new method gives the priority only rather than generating testing instructions to each test item, which makes the testing method quite simple and results in cost reduction. Except for this change, the new method is essentially the same as the previous method. We applied this new method to actual development of software tool and evaluated its effectiveness. From the result of the application experiment, we confirmed that many crucial faults can be detected by using the proposed method.

关键词： Software testing Costs Performance evaluation system testing Application software Software quality research and development systems engineering and theory Information science Fault detection

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A 99-mm/sup 2/ 0.7-W single-chip MPEG-2 422P@ML video, audio, and system encoder with a 64-Mb embedded DRAM for portable 422P@HL encoder system

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IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits 2002年第3期37卷 450-454页

作者： S. Kumaki H. Takata Y. Ajioka T. Ooishi K. Ishihara A. Hanami T. Tsuji T. Watanabe C. Morishima T. Yoshizawa H. Sato S. Hattori A. Koshio K. Tsukamoto T. Matsumura System LSI Development Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Hyogo Japan System LSI Division Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Hyogo Japan ULSI Development Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Hyogo Japan Information Technology Research & Development Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Kanagawa Japan ULSI Process Technology Development Center Semiconductor Company Matsushita Electronics Corporation Kyoto Japan

A scalable single-chip 422P@ML MPEG-2 video, audio, and system encoder LSI for portable 422P@HL system is described. The encoder LSI is implemented using 0.13-/spl mu/m embedded DRAM technology. It integrates 3-M logic gates and 64-Mb DRAM in an area of 99-mm/sup 2/. The power consumption is suppressed to 0.7 W by adopting a low-power DRAM core. It performs real-time 422P@ML video encoding, audio encoding, and system encoding with no external DRAM. Furthermore, the encoder LSI realizes a 422P@HL video encoder with multichip configuration, due to its scalable architecture. This results in a PC-card size 422P@HL encoder for portable HDTV codec system.

关键词： Large scale integration Encoding Random access memory HDTV Real time systems Ultra large scale integration Logic gates Energy consumption Codecs Video coding

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Parameter estimation of regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system based on PSCAD/EMTDC

Parameter estimation of regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transm...

引用

International Conference on Power system technology (POWERCON)

作者： Yong Jing Zhen Ren Kaijian Ou Jun Yu Electric Power College of South China University of Technology Guangzhou China Power System Simulation Center Electric Power Research Institute Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)0780374592

The /spl plusmn/500 kV bipolar, direct current Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system with a rating of 1800 MW was been put into operation by the middle of 2001. Constant current regulator, constant voltage regulator and constant extinction-angle regulator are three basic regulators which determine the regulative performance of the HVDC transmission system. They are all PI regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system. The parameters of three PI regulators, i.e. gain Kp and time constant Tn have a notable effect on the their characteristics, so the parameter estimations of these regulators are very necessary. This paper points out that PSCAD/EMTDC is an excellent software for parameter estimation of the regulators in an HVDC transmission system. Based on this software, the parameters of three basic regulators in Tian-Guang HVDC transmission system are estimated. The results of the estimation which are presented in this paper are able to meet the requirements of project technique criterion.

关键词： Parameter estimation Regulators HVDC transmission PSCAD EMTDC Power system simulation Voltage Power system dynamics Power system protection Power system transients

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Surge characteristics of propulsion coils including mutual coupling for Maglev

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Quarterly Report of RTRI (Railway Technical research Institute) (Japan) 2002年第1期43卷 13-19页

作者： Ando, Masato Nakamichi, Yoshinobu Ajiki, Kohji Shigeeda, Hidenori Suzuki, Masao Power Supply Systems G. Power Supply Technology Div. Yamanashi Maglev Test Center Guideway Engineering G. Research and Development Div. Maglev System Development Dept.

The Maglev system employs a linear synchronous motor (LSM) with the primary side on the ground, and uses a combined levitation-guidance system and double-layered propulsion coils. To analyze electric surge propagation, we measured the surge propagation between propulsion coils. We also set up simulation models and simulated the surge propagation by using the Electro-Magnetic Transients Program (EMTP). It was found that the measured values agreed well with the values simulated by EMTP. Therefore, it was verified that the proposed surge propagation models for simulation were very useful to estimate the surge propagation of coils used for Maglev.

关键词： Railroad transportation

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