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Architecting a missile system for navy theater ballistic missile defense

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 373-380页

作者： Patel, A Kjos, K Sasso, F Robinson, S Anant Patel:is senior project engineer for the Standard Missile LEAP Progrma (desgnated SM-X) in the Standard Missile/Vertical Launch System Program Office (PMS 422) of the Navy's Program Executive office for Theater Air Defense (PEO TAD). He is responsbile for the integration and test of the SM-X missile including the third stage rocket motor (TSRM) and the kinetic warhead (KW) assemblies. He received his bachelor of science in electrical engineering from the University of Pittsburgh in 1985 Prior to joining PMS 422 he was the project engineer for the shipboard targeting system used during the Terrier LEAP technology demonstration program. he was also tht project manager for the installation and integration of the new threat upgrade (NTU) and cooperative engagement capabilities (CEC) aboard USS Kidd (DDG 993) the first ship to receive CEC during its development test phase. Mr. Patel's other assignments as NTU development lead engineer uncluded providing development and technical direction for modifications to the NTU engagement system for Standard Missile II and III/IIIA compability. kathrin Kjos:is the program development team leader for Hughes Missile Systems Company. She worked on the initial flight demonstraction phase of the program integrating the kill vehicle and advanced solid axial stage into the SM2 Block III ER missile and served as co-chair of the System Safety Working Group. She has thirteen years of experience in system engineering. Previous experience includes missile systems engineering for the Advanced Air-to-Air Missile (AAAM) as well as for laser and radar surveillance systems. She has a bachelor of science degree in chemical engineering from the Illinois Institute of Technology a master of science degree in system engineering from the University of Southern California and is currently a doctoral candidate in systems architecting at the University of Southern California. Felix Sasso is a member of technical staff 11 at Hughes Missile System Company. He has three years of experience in op

While most of the theater ballistic missiles (TBM) in threat countries' inventories are of the shorter range SCUD varieties, mid- to long-range versions are currently in development in a number of third world countries. Threat potential exists in the following three battle spaces: endo-atmosphere (0-30 km), high endo-atmosphere (30-70 km) and exo-atmosphere (greater than 70 km). The inherent short range and low speed of endo-atmospheric threats match well with capabilities of SM-2 Block IVA, which equips the Navy with an area defense capability The exo-atmospheric TBMs are longer range and can threaten more targets which may be widely dispersed. Their higher velocities reduce response times dramatically Therefore, exo-atmospheric TBMs create the need for Standard Missile-3 (SM-3), which provides the Navy with theater wide defense capability. Defining its area and theater wide systems as clearly endo-atmospheric and exo-atmospheric systems allows the Navy to use derivatives of the Standard Missile Block IV to take full advantage of the conditions associated with each of these operating zones. Use of an existing missile and ship system baseline also allows use of the existing interface structure to minimize cost. To counter the endo-atmospheric TBMs, the SM-2 BLK TVA upgrades include an advanced imaging infrared (IIR) seeker, an improved fast-reaction auto pilot and a forward looking RE all in the same volume as the existing missile. The highly responsive SM-2 Block IVA missile, complemented with Aegis weapons systems modifications, provides capability against enemy aircraft and cruise missiles, as well as TBMs. Standard Missile-3 (SM-3) replaces the SM-2 Block TV warhead, radar and guidance section with a boosted third stage and an advanced kinetic warhead (KW). Operation in the exo-atmospheric region permits a KW design with autonomous guidance control and divert thrusters for high maneuverability and has the capability of achieving very high interceptor velocities.

关键词： Missiles

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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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Operational systems, logistics engineering and technology insertion

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 205-220页

作者： Grubb, MJ Skolnick, A Michael J. Grubb:has perfomzed naval engineering at the Crane Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) for more than twenty-five years. He currently the program manager for the Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practice Program (SHARP). is a Navy-wide logistics research and development prgram aimed at the successful transiton of proved technologies inot the fleet. SHARP focuses on reducing acquisition performance capability reliability maintainability and readiness of these systems. Mr. Grubb has served as a department director for the past eleven years. His most recent assignment was as director of the Tactical Computer Resources and Test Equipment Department. This organization provided acquisition and in-service engineering support of the Navy's tectical embedded computers priphirals displays and mass memory storage devices. The organization also provided a complete range of product engineering and metrology engineerig services for SSP NevSeaSysCom and the Trident Program. Prior to this appointment Mr. Grubb was deptuy director psysical security programs department and site responsible for program management and system integration of ashore integrated security systems. Mr. Grubb holds a B.S. degree in industrial engineering from Iowa State Universtiy an M.S. degree in industrial engineering from Purdue University and has copleted the course work (Dec.'96 for a master's degree in public and environment affairs at Indiana University-Purdue Univeristy Indianapolis. Dr. Alfred Skolnick operates System Science Consultants (SSC) specilizing in strategic planning technical program definiton technology assessment and engineering analyses on selected matters of national interest. He has taught physics mathematics and management sciences at University of Virginia and Marymount University and is currently adjunct professor of mathematics at Northern Virginia Community College. Form 1985 to 1989 he was president of the American Society of Noval Engineers. Dr. Skolnick served at Applied Physic

In an era of fiscal austerity, downsizing and unforgiving pressure upon human and economic capital, it is an Augean task to identify resources for fresh and creative work. The realities of the day and the practical demands of more immediate fleet needs can often dictate higher priorities. Yet, the Navy must avoid eating its seed corn. Exercising both technical insight and management foresight, the fleet, the R&D community, the Office of the Chief of Naval Operations (OpNav) and the product engineering expertise of the Naval Surface Warfare center (NSWC) are joined and underway with integrated efforts to marry new, fully demonstrated technologies and operational urgencies. Defense funding today cannot sponsor all work that can be mission-justified over the long term because budgets are insufficient to support product maturation within the classical development cycle. However, by rigorous technical filtering and astute engineering of both marketplace capabilities and currently available components, it is possible in a few select cases to compress and, in effect, integrate advanced development (6.3), engineering development (6.4), weapon procurement (WPN), ship construction (SCN), operation and maintenance (O&M,N) budgetary categories when fleet criticalities and technology opportunities can happily meet. In short, 6.3 funds can be applied directly to ''ripe gateways'' so modern technology is inserted into existing troubled or aging systems, sidestepping the lengthy, traditional development cycle and accelerating practical payoffs to recurrent fleet problems. To produce such constructive results has required a remarkable convergence of sponsor prescience and engineering workforce excellence. The paper describes, extensively, the philosophy of approach, transition strategy, polling of fleet needs, technology assessment, and management team requirements. The process for culling and selecting specific candidate tasks for SHARP sponsorship (matching operational need with t

关键词： Naval vessels

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Components on the Internet (panel) 96

Components on the Internet (panel)

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Proceedings of the 11th ACM SIGPLAN conference on Object-oriented programming, systems, languages, and applications

作者： Jeffrey Bonar Nancy Lehrer Kelly Looney Randy Schnier James Russel Ted Selker Stewart Nickolas IBM's Object Technology Austin Texas Senior Scientist ISX Corporation VisualWave Product Line ParcPlace-digitaik's Smalltalk-for-the-Internet development Environment Software engineer IBMss lab in Rochester Minnesota IBM's T.J. Watson Research Center User System Ergonomics Research (USER) IBM Almaden Research Center IBM

ISBN: (纸本)9780897917889

The explosive emergence of the Internet forces us to rethink the traditional roles for client, server, and objects. Component technology has emerged as the way objects and frameworks are packaged for flexible object integration. In particular, components allow users who are not programmers to do their own integration. Up until now, components have mainly focused on object integration on end-users desktops and on a client: compound documents, application assembly, *** component models like OpenDoc and Microsoft's OLE/OCX/COM provide function for compound documents, persistence, scripting, inking, and code management (registration). A series of Internet scenarios are emerging that demand new kinds of components. These scenarios are thin clients (Internet terminals), virtual reality/rich multimedia clients, collaboration, and business data access. Each panelist will explore one of these scenarios for it's requirements on an Internet component model.

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L-band internally matched Si-MMIC low noise amplifier

L-band internally matched Si-MMIC low noise amplifier

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Microwave, MTT-S International Symposium

作者： N. Suematsu M. Ono S. Kubo H. Sato Y. Iyama O. Ishida Ir formation Technology Research and Development Center Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Kamakura Kanagawa Japan ULSH Laboratory Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Itami Hyogo Japan System LSI Laboratory Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Limited Itami Hyogo Japan

A Si-MMIC low noise amplifier (LNA), fabricated in conventional 0.8 /spl mu/m Bi-CMOS process, was developed. This LNA is monolithically integrated on a low resistive Si substrate with coplanar waveguide (CPW) type ma... 详细信息

关键词： L-band Low-noise amplifiers Circuits Radio frequency Noise measurement Inductors Frequency dependence Coplanar waveguides Noise figure Spirals

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Equalization of the coupling loss of LD array modules for an optical frequency multiplexed communications system

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第10期79卷 13-21页

作者： Kaneko, S Adachi, A Yamashita, J Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Kamakura Japan 247 Graduated from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. In 1986 he joined the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Since then he has been involved in the research and development of semiconductor laser modules. He is a member of IEEE. Graduated from Waseda University in 1978. In 1978 he joined the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. Since then he has been involved in the development of active and passive devices for uses in optical fiber communications. Currently he is in the Opto-Microwave Device Development Section at the Mitsubishi Electric and Electronic System Research Center. Received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo University in 1975 and 1977 respectively. He joined the Mitsubishi Electric Corporation in 1977. Currently he is the Manager of the Opto-Electronics Group at the Electronics System Research Center. He is involved in the research and development of optical components for applications in optical fiber communications. He is a member of IEEE.

This paper proposes a method of equalizing the coupling loss among different channels of liquid display (LD) arrays. In this method, a second lens is used to adjust the image points to the fiber positions, which then are aligned and the coupling losses among channels are equalized. In addition, the compensation for misalignments is achieved by changing the position of the second lens. This is made possible by the dependency of the angle of the output light ray on the object height. As a result, the requirements with respect to the distortions of the optical system are relaxed by half and the module-yield with coupling loss fluctuations in the range of +/-0.5 dB is improved by about three times.

关键词： optical frequency multiplexed communications (FDM) LD array module distortion coupling loss equalization

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Measuring system for photoresist development parameters

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第3期79卷 51-60页

作者： Sekiguchi, A Matsuzawa, T Minami, Y Litho Tech Japan Corporation Kawaguchi Japan 332 Received his B.S. degree from Shibaura Institute of Technology in 1982 and in 1983 joined Japan Chemitech where he was involved in the development of an electroless Au plating technique. He joined Sumitomo GCA in 1985 where he was involved in the process development of photoresist application systems and the development of process analysis system and profile simulator. In 1993 he founded Litho Tech Japan Corporation. He is currently engaged in the development of lithography simulators and lithography process equipment. He is a member of the Japan Society of Applied Physics. Received his B.S. M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from Tohoku University Sendai in 1973 1975 and 1985 respectively. He joined the Hitachi Central Research Laboratory in 1975 and was involved in the development of photolithography processing technology including deep UV lithography and lithography simulation. After resigning from Hitachi in 1988 he founded Technofront Inc. the same year and founded Litho Tech Japan Corporation in 1993. Dr. Matsuzawa is a member of the IEEE the Japan Society of Applied Physics and the Chemical Society of Japan. Received his B.S. degree from Tokyo Electric University in 1979 and joined Process System lac. the same year. He was involved in the field service at GCA Corporation U.S.A. He joined Sumitomo CCA in 1983 where he was involved in the license development of photoresist application and development echnologies and in the research and development of the end-point detection system for resist development. He has been involved in the development of analysis systems for photoresist processing. He is the president of Litho Tech Japan Corporation.

To investigate the photoresist development characteristics, a development parameter extracting system for photoresists has been developed utilizing a development rate monitoring system and an exposure parameter measuring system for photoresists. This system is used to obtain the development parameters of a super-high resolution i-line photoresist, PFR-ix500EL (Japan Synthetic Rubber Co., Ltd.), using the development rate equations by Dill, Kim, and Mack. At the same time, the dependence of the simulated profiles on the development rate equations is investigated. Focus latitude for achieving 0.5 mu m lines and spaces under the conditions of exposure wavelength of 365 nm, NA = 0.5, and sigma = 0.6 is evaluated;the simulated and experimental results are compared. It is found that when Mack's equation is used to simulate the development rate, the simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

关键词： photoresist development rate exposure parameter development parameter focus latitude profile simulation topography simulation

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Measuring system for diffusion length of photoactive compound in post-exposure bake process

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第9期79卷 70-77页

作者： Sekiguchi, A Sensu, Y Matsuzawa, T Minami, Y Lithotech Japan Corporation Kawaguchi Japan 332 Received his B.S. degree from Shibaura Institute of Technology in 1982 and joined Japan Chemitech in 1983 where he worked on the development of an electroless Au plating. He joined Sumitomo GCA in 1985 where he was engaged in the development of photoresist application systems and the development of analysis system for photoresist processing. He is currently with Lithotech Japan Corporation. He is a member of the Japan Society of Applied Physics. Graduated from the Aircraft Maintenance Division of Nakanihon Aeronautics in 1985 and joined Sumisho Electronic Systems Inc. the same year. Following the merger of Sumisho Electronic Systems with Sumitomo G.C.A. in 1986 he was transferred to the latter where he worked on the development of an automatic end-point detector as well as analysis systems for development processes and a resist profile simulator. Mr. Sensu has been with Lithotech Japan Corporation since 1993. Received his M.S. degree in Chemical Engineering from Tohoku University in 1975 and joined Central Research Laboratory of Hitachi Ltd. the same year. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1985 from Tohoku University. He was engaged in the development of advanced photolithography processes and simulation technologies. In 1988 he resigned from Hitachi to found Technofront Inc. and then Lithotech Japan Corporation in 1993. Dr. Matsuzawa is a member of the Japan Chemical Society the Japan Society of Applied Physics and IEEE. Received his B.S. degree from Tokyo Denki University in 1979 and then joined Process System Co. There he was involved in field service for GCA Co. USA. He joined Sumitomo GCA Co. in 1983 where he was engaged in the development of photoresist coating and development systems and systems to detect the end-point of photoresist development. He also developed a photoresist development analysis system. He is currently the company executive Lithotech Japan Corporation.

The post-exposure bake (FEB) characteristics of a photoresist can be examined with a method that estimates the diffusion length of a photoactive compound (PAC) in the photoresist FEB process. Diffusion lengths are estimated with development rate measurement equipment using FEB conditions at temperatures of 50 degrees C, 100 degrees C, 110 degrees C, and 120 degrees C. An ultrahigh-resolution i-line photoresist THMR-iP3000 is used in the research. The obtained values are input into 61 photolithography simulator PROLITH/2 to calculate photoresist profiles. Using a 365-nm wavelength, 0.5 NA, and 0.6-coherence factor conditions, resist profiles for a 0.4-mu m line space feature are calculated with varied focus. The simulated results are compared with SEM observations to evaluate the validity of the estimation method;they are found to be substantially consistent with experimental results, thus confirming the validity of the method.

关键词： photoresist development rate diffusion length development parameter focus latitude profile simulation

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A device simulation of the BBT effect in flash memory cells and implications for the development of high-reliability memory cells

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART II-ELECTRONICS 1996年第11期79卷 51-57页

作者： Hayashi, T Fukuda, K Ohno, M Nishi, K Kita, A VLSI R&D Center OKI Electric Industry Company Ltd. Hachioji-shi Japan 193 Graduated from the Science University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1986 and joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in research on the reliability of MOS transistors and silicon oxide films. Since 1994 he has been engaged in the development of flash memory. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1983 and joined Oki Electric in 1985. Since then he has been engaged in research on the semiconductor process and device simulation. In 1990 he participated in joint research at the Technical University of Aachen. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology Dept. of Electrical Engineering in 1980 and completed an MS course in 1983. In 1986 he completed the doctoral course at Shizuoka University. He then joined Oki Electric where he has been engaged in research on ULSI processes. He is now a manager responsible for flash memory at the VLSI R&D Center. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society. Graduated from the University of Tokyo Dept. of Applied Physics in 1973 and joined Oki Electric. He was engaged in the development of integrated circuit logic simulation technology and bipolar process technology and since 1980 he has been engaged in research on process/device simulation and modeling. Presently he is a senior manager at the VLSI R&D Center. In 1982–1984 he was a Visiting Scholar at MIT. He holds a doctorate in engineering. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society and a senior member of IEEE. Graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology Dept. of Chemical Engineering in 1978 and completed the MS program in 1930. In that year he joined Oki Electric. Since then he has been engaged in CMOS process design for DRAM and flash memory. He is now a manager at the VLSI R&D Center. He is a member of the Applied Physics Society.

In order to analyze the BBT (band-to-band tunneling) phenomenon in flash memory cells by simulation, a new model is proposed, which improves on the BBT model by introducing the concept of ''average electric field.'' This model agrees well with the measured results in a wide drain N-concentration range. Using this model, the reliability of memory cells is analyzed. It is found that the difference of the amount of BBT generation does not directly affect the endurance characteristics but does affect the disturb characteristics. The same model can be used to analyze problem points of the present cells and to estimate the BBT current of next-generation devices accurately.

关键词： band-to-band tunneling flash memory simulation endurance characteristics

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Affordability, logistics R&D and fleet systems

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1996年第3期108卷 199-213页

作者： Schulte, DP Skolnick, A He has supported the development and operation of several naval systems including advanced component selection for Trident II fire control and navigation systems. He served as branch manager of the Surface Ship ASW Combat System Branch which acted as the acquisition engineering agent for the AN/SQQ-89 Surface Ship Anti-Submarine Warfare Weapon System. He was then selected to manage the Module Engineering Department which provided engineering support to numerous naval systems including the AN/BSY-1 Submarine Combat System and the Trident II fire control and navigation system. He then served as the deputy program manager for NAVSEA Progressive Maintenance (2M/ATE). He holds a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University and currently is pursuing a Maste's degree in Public Environmental Affairs at Indiana University—Purdue University Indianapolis. He served at Applied Physics Laboratory/The Johns Hopkins University in missile development then aboard USS Boston (CAG-1) and played leading roles in several weapon system developments (Regulus Terrier Tartar Talos) inertial navigation (Polaris) deep submergence (DSRV) and advanced ship designs (SES). He later was director Combat System Integration Naval Sea Systems Command and head Combat Projects Naval Ship Engineering Center. He led the Navy's High Energy Lasers and Directed Energy Weapons development efforts. He was vice president advanced technology at Operations Research Inc. and vice president maritime engineering at Defense Group Inc. before starting SSC in 1991. Dr. Skolnick holds a B.S. degree in Mathematics and Economics Queens College an M.A. degree in Mathematics and Philosophy Columbia University an M.S. degree in Electrical/Aeronautical Engineering U.S. Naval Postgraduate School and a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and Applied Mathematics from Polytechnic University in New York. He is the author of many published papers on engineering design issues source selection procedures and large-scale complex technology problems

The Fleet continues to require high performance systems that can operate with dependability in the seas' unforgiving environments and under hostile action. Those demands are not new. What has changed is the urgent priority formerly assigned to national defense issues. The arguments for continued superpower military strength are now roiled in politics along with unsettled budgets and uncertain force level projections. Current expectations revolve about indefinite fiscal and operational issues (difficult funding constraints and broadband threats). In the actual event of ''doing more with less,'' a practical response is to apply the creative power available from sound engineering judgement and the crucible of experience to the immediate needs of the Fleet. The attempt to shorten the path between advanced development effort and Fleet use has been tried occasionally in the past, often, without exemplary results. The Sustainable Hardware and Affordable Readiness Practices (SHARP) program, is a generic R&D effort under OpNav sponsorship that has been working steadily on sensible solutions to product engineering problems. Armed today with fast-time, large-scale computation abilities and modern tools for technical problem solving coupled with specialized engineering knowledge, it has been refreshed and is underway satisfying existing Fleet needs. The relationship between fully responsive engineering services and current operational needs is always demanding. The connection between advanced engineering development (6.3 category funds) and immediate Fleet usage brings added complexity and challenge, both technical and organizational. Illustrative examples of affordable engineering solutions to ''retain, revise, replace or retire'' questions are presented within the context of both Fleet realities and budgetary limitations. The discussion covers legacy system support, civil/military considerations and Fleet maintenance issues. It describes the substantial and critical payoffs i

关键词： Warships

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