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ACS ES&T Air 2025年第4期2卷 607-614页

作者： Shuang Chen Huixia Han Lihong Ren Yisheng Xu Libin Wu Yuanguan Gao Yuanbi Yi Xinping Yang Mingliang Fu Hang Yin Yan Ding Pingqing Fu State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China；School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China School of Earth System Science Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China Department of Ocean Science and Center for Ocean Research in Hong Kong and Macau The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR China State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Vehicle Emission Control and Simulation Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences Beijing 100012 China

Particulate matter (PM) emissions from light-duty gasoline vehicles (LDGV) pose a threat to both air quality and human health. However, the molecular compositions and chemical properties of these complex mixtures are poorly understood. In this study, we performed a detailed characterization of exhaust PM from LDGV at various speed phases at the molecular level by employing ultra-high-resolution Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry. We found that with increasing speed, the number of organic compounds increased significantly, especially organic nitrogen-containing and sulfur-containing compounds. Moreover, the increase of speed leads to high temperature and high pressure in the cylinder, which in turn leads to a series of thermal cracking–polymerization–cyclization reactions, resulting in new particulate matter with more aromatic structures. In addition, considerable intermediate volatility organic compounds and semivolatile organic compounds were identified in the exhaust PM. Notably, we observed the presence of sulfonates in tailpipe particulate matter during low- or high-speed phases, which highlights a previously negligible source of organic sulfonates in the atmosphere.

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research on applicability of containment test data for HPR1000 based on phenomena scaling

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International Journal of Advanced Nuclear Reactor Design and technology 2025年第2期7卷 120-127页

作者： Liu Yusheng Qiao Xuedong Tan Sichao Jing Jianping Wang Ting Zhu Yuanbing State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Nuclear and Radiation Safety Regulatory Simulation and Validation Nuclear and Radiation Safety Center MEE Beijing 100086 China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power Safety Shenzhen 518026 China Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Nuclear Power System & Equipment Harbin Engineering University Harbin 150001 China China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Shenzhen 518026 China

The volume of the nuclear power plant containment is huge, making it difficult to conduct equal-scale or large-scale thermal-hydraulic tests. Currently the test data mainly come from small-scale tests. To address the applicability of small-scale containment test data in validation process of the containment performance analysis code, the analysis method for applicability of experimental data is proposed and developed on the basis of similarity analysis of the pressure response process in the containment. The applicability study of the test data, which are produced by some scaled containment facilities such as the HDR, Battelle and CVTR, is carried out in combination with the test parameters. The applicability of each test case isobtained respectively when they are applied to validate the containment code in case of the Large Break Loss of Coolant Accident (LBLOCA) and Main Steam Line Break Accident (MSLB) of HPR1000 nuclear power plant. The results show that the similarity criteria for pressure response process and key phenomena within the containment vessel under accident conditions can be employed to analyze the applicability of different containment tests to specified power plant. The test dataoriginating fromHDR ISP-16 and HDR ISP-23can represent the pressure transient process, results of coupling phenomena such as mass and energy release at the break, condensation near the containment shell and internals, within the HPR1000 containment in case of LBLOCA or MSLB. The distortion is either within the acceptable range or conservative for design limits of containment pressure, so that the small-scale containment test data could be suitable for verification and validation of the HPR1000 containment thermal hydraulic response analysis code.

关键词： Containment Similarity analysis Validation Safety analysis Pressure response HPR1000

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Experimental and computational study of ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles from natural extracts: Self-controlled nucleation and growth, and colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions

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Surfaces and Interfaces 2025年 68卷

作者： Wonglakhon, Tanakorn Jommala, Nareerat Laksee, Sakchai Nuengmatcha, Prawit Ninwong, Benjawan Zahn, Dirk Thepchuay, Yanisa Futuristic Science Research Center School of Science Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand Research Center for Theoretical Simulation and Applied Research in Bioscience and Sensing Walailak University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160 Thailand Center of Excellence in Nanomaterials Chemistry and Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science and Technology Nakhon Si Thammarat Rajabhat University Nakhon Si Thammarat 80280 Thailand Nuclear Technology Research and Development Center Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology (Public Organization) Nakhon Nayok 26120 Thailand Lehrstuhl für Theoretische Chemie / Computer Chemie Centrum Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg Nägelsbachstraße 25 Erlangen 91052 Germany Flow Innovation-Research for Science and Technology Laboratories (First Labs) Thailand

We present an ecofriendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the husk extract of Nypa fruticans, a largely unexploited biowaste, for effective colorimetric detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solutions. Our one-step synthesis produces well-dispersed, highly stable AgNPs with an average size of ∼4 nm, as determined by transmission electron microscopy. The compounds in the extract act as both reducing and stabilizing agents, facilitating self-controlled nucleation and growth, as supported by molecular simulations. The synthesized AgNPs were further characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and zeta potential measurements. Under optimized conditions, the AgNPs exhibit high selectivity toward Fe²⁺ ions, producing a distinct dark brown color that can be observed by the naked eye, while showing almost no response to other tested heavy metal ions. The calibration curve for the Fe²⁺ detection showed excellent linearity (r² = 0.9959) with a detection limit of 0.24 ppm. Additionally, the AgNPs demonstrated excellent (> 94 %) Fe²⁺ recovery in real water samples. Through quantum chemical calculations and molecular dynamics simulations, we provided atomic-level insights into the mechanisms of Fe²⁺ detection. This present work thus highlights the potential of biomass extracts for green nanomaterial synthesis and environmental applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： AgNPs Colorimetric detection Heavy metal ions Molecular dynamics Nypa fruticans

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Comprehensive Demonstration Of New Magnetic Designs Utilizing Magnetic Anisotropy Of The Cores For Integrated Magnetics

Comprehensive Demonstration Of New Magnetic Designs Utilizin...

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Annual IEEE Conference on Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC)

作者： Yota Takamura Honami Nitta Tatsuya Miyazaki Kimito Yamanaka Ryosuke Ishido Akira Namba Keisuke Fujisaki Shigeki Nakagawa Dept. of Electrical and Electronic Eng Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan ROHM Research & Development Center ROHM Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan System Solutions Engineering Headquaters ROHM Co. Ltd Kyoto Japan Dept. of Advanced Science and Technology Toyota Technological Institute Japan

ISBN: (数字)9798331516116

ISBN: (纸本)9798331516123

This study presents novel magnetic core designs, magnetically anisotropic plain or tiled types, for planar spiral inductors that can effectively use magnetic anisotropy in the place of nano-granular [CoFeB-SiO 2 /SiO 2 ] laminated magnetic cores. Inductance and resonant frequency for the proposed inductors showed significant enhancement through both finite element method calculation and experimentation. Additionally, the inductor was implemented onto a DC-DC converter successfully to demonstrate the step-down performance and showing corresponding waveforms. The efficiency of DC-DC converter with the inductor exhibited higher values under light load conditions. This comprehensive demonstration highlights the potential of our innovative design for advancing the field of integrated magnetics and developing more efficient power electronic devices.

关键词： Performance evaluation Inductance Spirals Magnetic cores Magnetic resonance DC-DC power converters Anisotropic Power electronics Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy Inductors

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Durable Ag-Coated Micro-Crack Velcro Electrode for Hi-Fi Bioelectric Signals in Hairy Areas

Durable Ag-Coated Micro-Crack Velcro Electrode for Hi-Fi Bio...

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IEEE International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical systems

作者： Jun Guo Kang Fu Zimo Zhang Ruiyu Bai Xuanqi Wang Kai Xue Huazhen Chen Le Li Huijing Hu Minghao Wang Honglong Chang Bowen Ji Unmanned System Research Institute Northwestern Polytechnical University China National Key Laboratory of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Integrated Research and Development Platform of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Technology Northwestern Polytechnical University China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro/Nano Systems for Aerospace School of Mechanical Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical University China Institute of Medical Research Northwestern Polytechnical University China MOE Engineering Research Center of Smart Microsensors and Microsystems College of Electronics and Information Hangzhou Dianzi University China

ISBN: (数字)9798331508890

ISBN: (纸本)9798331508906

This paper reports a conductive Velcro electrode with micro-cracks for the first time. The laser-induced micro-cracks increase the surface area of Velcro hooks and facilitate the adhesion of more silver particles. A cluster of Nylon-Ag hook are durable with repeated mechanical compression and multiple washing. After 100 times of compression, the plastic deformation is less than 23 μm (<10%). The impedance (@10 Hz) of the Velcro electrode is still 2.6% lower than the AgCl electrode after washing for 3 times. The resilient conductive hooks can effectively penetrate through thick hair for hi-fi bioelectric signal acquisition, compared with commercial AgCl electrodes.

关键词： Electrodes Hair Micromechanical devices Surface impedance Silver Deformation Adhesives Surface emitting lasers Plastics Impedance

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GDMD: A Disaster Data Hub Fabric the Open Data Network for Disaster Risk Reduction

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Data Science Journal 2025年 24卷

作者： Wang, Juanle Bu, Kun Min, Xiaodong Wang, Qiuyuan Yuan, Yuelei Sun, Feiran State Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Information System Institute of Geographic Sciences Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101 China China-Pakistan Earth Science Research Center Islamabad45320 Pakistan Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application Nanjing210023 China Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Changchun130102 China School of Civil Engineering and Geomatics Shandong University of Technology Zibo255049 China

Disaster risk reduction is a priority in the Open Science recommendations proposed by UNESCO. Diverse types of scattered disaster data are the basis for disaster prevention and mitigation. The realization of these interconnections and links remains challenging. This study proposes an open directory mechanism that facilitates the interoperability of global disaster data resources, named Global Disaster Data Master Directory (GDMD). Based on open standards and open-source technology, the prototype GDMD system was developed and deployed in the Disaster Risk Reduction Knowledge Service (DRRKS) system at the UNESCO Category 2 centre. The GDMD realizes three types of disaster data resource aggregation: local resources built by DRRKS, manual cataloging from open disaster platforms worldwide, and protocol harvesting based on interoperable technology. Two types of retrieval services are implemented for users through local and federal searches. The master directory has interconnected over 1,400 resources. The open model of GDMD can realize Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable data governance in disaster risk reduction, further pushing the Open Science mechanism and innovative applications of resources. © 2025 The Author(s).

关键词： Data consistency

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Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Cross Grid Structure Radiating Towards the Edge of the Substrate in the D-Band

Dual-Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Cross Grid Structure ...

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European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP

作者： Ryosuke Hasaba Ken Takahashi Tomoki Abe Tomohiro Murata Yoichi Nakagawa Koji Takinami Hiroshi Taneda Takashi Tomura Issei Watanabe Engineering Division Panasonic Industry Co. Ltd. Yokohama Japan Development Center Panasonic System Networks R&D Lab. Co Kanazawa Japan Research & Development Div. Shinko Electric Industries Co. Ltd. Nagano Japan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Institute of Science Tokyo Tokyo Japan Advanced ICT Research Institute National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (数字)9788831299107

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366327

This paper proposes a dual-polarized antenna for D-band applications, which radiates in the substrate end direction. The antenna's radiating elements and ground are formed using vias, via lands, and copper foil. The radiating element features a cross-grid design, which combines both cross and grid shapes. This allows for the adjustment of the resonant frequency for each polarization, even under manufacturing rule constraints. The characteristics and operation of a singleelement antenna were demonstrated through simulations. Subsequently, the gain of an 8-element array was compared between measured and calculated values, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed antenna.

关键词： Antenna measurements Shape Resonant frequency Microstrip antennas Directive antennas Gain measurement Manufacturing Microstrip Substrates Antenna arrays

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Nanoscale‑boron nitride positively alters rhizosphere microbial communities and subsequent cucumber (Cucumis sativa) growth: A metagenomic analysis

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Science of the Total Environment 2025年 958卷 178115页

作者： Xu, Xinxin Hao, Yi Cai, Zeyu Cao, Yini Jia, Weili Zhao, Jian White, Jason C. Ma, Chuanxin Guangdong Basic Research Center of Excellence for Ecological Security and Green Development Key Laboratory for City Cluster Environmental Safety and Green Development of the Ministry of Education School of Ecology Environmental and Resources Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China Faculty of Life Science and Technology Central South University of Forestry and Technology Hunan Changsha410004 China SCNU Environmental Research Institute Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution and Environmental Safety & MOE Key Laboratory of Theoretical Chemistry of Environment School of Environment South China Normal University Guangzhou510006 China Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System Ocean University of China Qingdao266100 China The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station New HavenCT06504 United States

Boron (B) deficiency affects over 132 crop species globally, making effective B supplement crucial for enhancing agricultural yield and health. This study explores an innovative application of nanoscale boron nitride (nano-BN) as a sustainable solution for addressing B deficiency in crops. Cucumber seedlings were treated with different contents of nano-BN under greenhouse conditions and both B and N ionic treatments were set as comparisons. Results show that soil application of 10 mg/kg nano-BN achieved a remarkable 15.8 % increase in fresh weight compared to the control. Notably, nano-BN exhibited superior efficiency in providing essential micronutrients without inducing toxicity as compared to traditional ionic B sources. Phytohormone correlation analysis reveals that nano-BN application significantly enhances levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and cytokinins while reducing abscisic acid (ABA), fostering optimal plant growth conditions. Furthermore, increases in dissolved organic matter (DOM) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) levels in the rhizosphere improve nutrient availability and promote beneficial microbial activity in the soil as affected by nano-BN. Metagenomics techniques were used to investigate the impact of nano-BN on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling, alongside its effects on the soil microbiome. The upregulation of genes associated with fermentation pathways as affected by nano-BN suggests the enhanced carbon cycling. Additionally, nano-BN upregulated a number of functional genes involved in nitrogen-based processes, leading to a significant increase in microorganisms harboring nitrogen-fixing genes, including Phenylobacterium, Novosphingobium, and Reyranella. Overall, these findings provide valuable insight into the application of nano-BN in agriculture to sustainably increase crop productivity and enhance the efficiency of carbon and nitrogen cycling. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Nitrogen fixation

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General architecture of distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation supporting dynamic interactive relationships

General architecture of distributed hardware-in-the-loop sim...

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2019 IEEE International Conference on Unmanned systems and Artificial Intelligence, ICUSAI 2019

作者： Xu, Hao Zhang, Xinyan Xu, Ning Zhao, Qing Li, Congmin Ge, Wei Research and Development Center of System Simulation Technology Beijing Institute of Control and Electronics Technology Beijing China

ISBN: (纸本)9781728158594

Aiming at the problems that the construction process of distributed hardware-in-the-loop simulation (HILS) system is tedious and inflexible due to the lack of general architecture, and the previous distributed simulation architectures cannot meet the dynamic interactive relationships, a general architecture of distributed HILS supporting dynamic interactive relationships is developed. Based on this architecture, a rapid construction of distributed HILS systems can be carried out. The architecture supports the dynamic change of the data sending and receiving relationships in the distributed simulation. After testing, the architecture can support the real-time advance of distributed HILS in 1 millisecond step and meet the requirement of millisecond delay in data sending and receiving. © 2019 IEEE.

关键词： Hardware-in-the-loop simulation

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Excellent high-temperature friction and wear resistance of high–Cr die steels by trace in–situ nano-ceramics

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Ceramics International 2025年第14期51卷 18540-18552页

作者： Bao, Ze-Ju Yang, Hong-Yu Dong, Bai-Xin Zhong, Xin-Miao Li, Yi-Lu Li, Ai-Min Wang, Cheng-Gang Li, Zhi-Gang Meng, Jia Qiao, Jian Kang, Jie Zhu, Ming Shu, Shi-Li Xu, Hui-Xia Qiu, Feng Jiang, Qi-Chuan State Key Laboratory of Automotive Simulation and Control Jilin University China Key Laboratory of Automobile Materials Ministry of Education and Department of Materials Science and Engineering Jilin University Renmin Street NO. 5988 Jilin Province Changchun130025 China ZhonghangShangda Superalloys Materials Co. Ltd No.16 Wangong Avenue Qinghe County Xingtai City Hebei Province 054800 China Technology Research and Development Casting & Forging Research Institute FAW Foundry Co. Ltd Crossing of Hexie Street & Bingwu Road Automotive Industry Development Zone Changchun Jilin Province 130013 China Department and Test Center FAW-Volkswagen Automotive Co. Ltd Jilin Province Changchun130011 China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Foshan University No. 33 Guangyun Road Nanhai District Guangdong Province Foshan528231 China Jilin Liyuan Precision Manufacturing Co. Ltd. No. 5729 Xi'ning Road Economic Development Zone Jilin Province LiaoYuan136299 China Zhenjiang Xianfeng Automotive Parts Co. Ltd Dantu High Tech Industrial Park Jiangsu Province Zhenjiang212000 China School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Jilin University Renmin Street NO. 5988 Changchun130025 China Jiangsu Tiangong Corporation Ltd A8 Tonggang Road Jiangsu Province Danyang212000 China

In this study, TiC + TiB2 nano-ceramics reinforced high–Cr die steels were successfully prepared using aluminum-based master alloy as a carrier for the nano-ceramics. The impact of nano-ceramics on the microstructure of steels as well as the tensile properties and friction and wear properties under high temperature conditions were explored. The incorporated nano-ceramics can significantly refine the microstructure of steels, resulting in finer and more uniformly precipitated carbides, thereby effectively improving the mechanical properties of steels. Compared with unmanipulated high–Cr die steels, the high-temperature (550 °C) yield strength of high–Cr steels reinforced with 0.02 wt% nano-ceramic was increased from 963 MPa to 1274 MPa. The volume wear rate of nano-ceramics reinforced high Cr steels reached 11.9 × 10−13 m3/m, 3.4 × 10−13 m3/m, 5.6 × 10−13 m3/m and 6.3 × 10−13 m3/m under the four conditions of 400 °C-30 N-300 r/min, 550 °C-20 N-300 r/min, 550 °C-30 N-300 r/min and 550 °C-40 N-300 r/min, which were reduced by 23.7 %, 34.6 %, 34.9 % and 35.1 % respectively. These results provide a new insight into improving the high-temperature friction and wear properties of steels. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.

关键词： Aluminum alloys

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