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arXiv 2022年

作者： Salas-Porras, Emiliano Díaz Tazi, Kenza Braude, Ashwin Okoh, Daniel Lamb, Kara D. Watson-Parris, Duncan Harder, Paula Meinert, Nis Image Processing Laboratory University of Valencia Valencia Spain Department of Engineering University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Laboratoire Atmosphères Milieux Observations Spatiales Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace Guyancourt France Centre for Atmospheric Research National Space Research and Development Agency Abuja Nigeria Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering Columbia University New York United States Department of Atmospheric Oceanic and Planetary Physics University of Oxford Oxford United Kingdom Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Mathematics Kaiserslautern Germany Pasteur Labs New York United States

A first causal discovery analysis from observational data of pyroCb (storm clouds generated from extreme wildfires) is presented. Invariant Causal Prediction was used to develop tools to understand the causal drivers of pyroCb formation. This includes a conditional independence test for testing Y ⌋⌊ E|X for binary variable Y and multivariate, continuous variables X and E, and a greedy-ICP search algorithm that relies on fewer conditional independence tests to obtain a smaller more manageable set of causal predictors. With these tools, we identified a subset of seven causal predictors which are plausible when contrasted with domain knowledge: surface sensible heat flux, relative humidity at 850 hPa, a component of wind at 250 hPa, 13.3 µm thermal emissions, convective available potential energy, and altitude. © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Heat flux

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Subwavelength diffraction gratings with curved grooves to form cylindrical vector beams of different orders

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第1期1096卷

作者： S A Degtyarev S N Khonina Samara National Research University Moskovkoye Shosse 34 Samara Russia 443086 Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS – Branch of the 'Crystallography and Photonics' Federal Research and Development Center of the RAS (FRDC RAS) Molodogvardeyskaya 151 Samara Russia 443001

In this work we propose a method to calculate the continuous profile of subwavelength gratings for the formation of vector beams with radial polarization of arbitrary orders, including fractional orders. Also, we derive expressions for the vector of subwavelength grating which transforms a linearly polarized beam into a beam with the radial polarization of an arbitrary order. Also, we determine a relation between a vector of the curved diffraction grating and phase function of the grating. Equations of curves of fast and slow axes of crystal polarizer are found in this work. It is revealed that curve crystal axes have the shape of parabolas and it is also shown that fast and slow axes are perpendicular to each other at each point of space.

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Au-SiO2-Si hybrid plasmonic waveguide micro-ring resonator sensor

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2018年第5期1124卷

作者： M A Butt S A Degtyarev S N Khonina Samara National Research University Moskovkoye Shosse 34 Samara 443086 Russia Image Processing Systems Institute of the RAS – Branch of the 'Crystallography and Photonics' Federal Research and Development Center of the RAS (FRDC RAS) 151 Molodogvardeiskaya Samara 443001 Russia

A refractive index sensor based on straight silicon waveguide and a hybrid plasmonic micro-ring resonator of radius 1 µm is presented. The hybrid waveguide is made up of a Metal-Insulator-Silicon structure, where the electric field is significantly enhanced in the thin insulator layer. The micro-ring design is optimized where silicon micro-ring waveguide width and a total height of the structure is 400 nm and 220 nm, respectively. The transmission spectrum and electric field distribution of this sensor structure are simulated using Finite Element Method (FEM). Despite the small size of hybrid micro-ring resonator and sensing medium, the sensitivity is relatively high as compared to conventional dielectric micro-ring resonator sensors. The resonance shift of Δλ = 27 nm is obtained for Δn = 0.15 and yields the best sensitivity of 180 nm/RIU in the near infrared range.

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Landslide mapping and monitoring by using radar and optical remote sensing: Examples from the EC-FP7 project SAFER

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Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment 2016年 4卷 92-108页

作者： Casagli, N. Cigna, F. Bianchini, S. Hölbling, D. Füreder, P. Righini, G. Del Conte, S. Friedl, B. Schneiderbauer, S. Iasio, C. Vlcko, J. Greif, V. Proske, H. Granica, K. Falco, S. Lozzi, S. Mora, O. Arnaud, A. Novali, F. Bianchi, M. Department of Earth Sciences University of Firenze (UNIFI) Via G. La Pira 4 Firenze 50121 Italy British Geological Survey (BGS) – Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) Environmental Science Centre Nicker Hill Keyworth Nottingham NG12 5GG United Kingdom Department of Geoinformatics – Z_GIS University of Salzburg Salzburg 5020 Austria ENEA – Italian National Agency for New Technologies Energy and Sustainable Economic Development Via Martiri di Monte Sole 4 Bologna 40139 Italy Tele-Rilevamento Europa - T.R.E. s.r.l. Ripa di Porta Ticinese 79 Milan 20143 Italy EURAC - European Academy of Bozen/Bolzano Viale Druso 1 Bolzano Italy HENESIS s.r.l. - Camlin Group Viale dei Mille 108 Parma 43125 Italy Department of Engineering Geology Comenius University in Bratislava Bratislava 84215 Slovakia JOANNEUM Research Institute of Digital Image Processing Wastiangasse 6 Graz 8010 Austria e-GEOS Via Cannizzaro 71 Rome 00156 Italy Altamira Information C/Còrsega 381-387 Barcelona 08037 Spain

This paper focuses on the Landslide Thematic services of the EU-funded FP7-SPACE project SAFER (Services and Applications For Emergency Response) for inventory mapping, monitoring and rapid mapping by using Earth Observation (EO). We exploited satellite Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) and Object-Based image Analysis (OBIA), and discuss example applications in South Tyrol and Abruzzo (Italy), Lower Austria (Austria), Lubietova (Slovakia) and the Kaohsiung County (Taiwan). These case studies showcase the significance of radar and optical EO data, InSAR and OBIA methods for landslide mapping and monitoring in different geological environments and during all phases of emergency management: mitigation, preparedness, crisis and recovery. © 2016 The Authors

关键词： Landslides Object-Based image Analysis Remote sensing SAFER project SAR Interferometry

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Fundamental theory of natural observation method with complete reconstruction property by finite sum - Natural observation theory of normal type

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1996年第11期79卷 84-96页

作者： Iijima, T Iwaki, M Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taim Iijima received his B.E. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and joined the Electrotechnical Laboratory. He received his Ph.D. degree in 1957. He was involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing speech recoption and OCR research development. He became Chief of Densoken Iijima Special Research Group and then Professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. He was Professor Emeritus in 1986 Professor at Tokyo Engineering University in 1986 Professor Emeritus in 1993 Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology in 1993 Vice President of the Institute in 1994 Editinghvestigation/General Affairs Secretary Inspector Councilor Chairman of Pattern Recognition Research Committee Head of Tokyo Region Vice President at I.E.I.C.E. Japan and became Honorary Member in 1993. He received the Paper Award four times Authorship Award once Achievement Award in 1976 Meritorious Award in 1989 and the Purple-Ribbon Prize in 1989.

A theory of natural observation methods was originally formulated for two complementary systems: neighboring type and equilibrium type. This paper introduces a new system, normal-type system, that is different from the forementioned two types. One characteristic feature of the normal-type natural observation method is its ability to reconstruct an original waveform from the sum of a finite number of observation values. The natural observation theory of a normal type evolves naturally under the condition that a waveform and its power component can be expressed in the sum form. These meanings are discussed by comparing a frequency response of the normal-type natural observation transform with that of a conventional filter bank. Furthermore, a criterion for determining observation parameters in order to realize the natural observation of normal type under a given tolerance of error is described. It is believed that the proposed theory offers new insights into systematization of the natural observation theory.

关键词： natural observation method neighboring type equilibrium type normal type

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Suture formation, premature sutural fusion, and suture default zones in Apert syndrome

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American Journal of Medical Genetics Part A 1996年第4期62卷

作者： M. Michael Cohen Jr. Sven Kreiborg Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology Faculty of Dentistry and Department of Pediatrics Faculty of Medicine Dalhousie University Halifax Nova Scotia Canada Department of Pediatric Dentistry School of Dentistry Faculty of Health Sciences Research and Development Laboratory for 3D Image Processing and Reconstruction Rigshospital and School of Dentistry University of Copenhagen and Institute of Mathematical Modeling Technical University of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark

On the basis of our studies, we postulate that suture formation in Apert syndrome is related to the relative maturity of abutting calvarial bones. The fused coronal suture, a consistent manifestation at birth, develops first because the ossification centers of the frontal and parietal bones are in intimate contact early during intrauterine life. Calvarial immaturity and the megalencephalic brain characteristic of the Apert syndrome appear to work in concert to produce a widely patent midline calvarial defect extending from the glabella to the posterior fontanelle. Because sagittal growth in the coronal sutures cannot take place, the megalencephalic brain grows upward and laterally, and bulges forward through the midline defect. The defect fills in by coalescence of bony islands without proper suture formation because the gap to be bridged is so great that the time window for developing sutural interdigitations may have closed. Other sutures, such as the lambdoid, squamosal, and sphenotemporal, develop with normal interdigitations because abutting bone margins are in close enough proximity to permit suture formation. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

关键词： acrocephalosyndactyly sutures suture formation suture default zones craniosynostosis

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Clinical values dataset processing through cluster analysis to find cardiovascular risk

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2016年第1期705卷

作者： C M Bucci W E Legnani R L Armentano Biologic-Engineering Research and Development Group Electronic Department Buenos Aires Regional Faculty National Technological University Medrano 951 (C1179AAQ) Buenos Aires Argentina Non-Linear Systems and Modelling Group Centre for Signal and Image Processing National Technological University Medrano 951 (C1179AAQ) Buenos Aires Argentina Electronic Department Favaloro University Solis 453 (C1078AAI) Buenos Aires Argentina

The scope of this work is to show another way to grouping population with clinical variables measured in health centres and to assign a cardiovascular risk indicator. To do this, two different datasets were used, one coming from France and another coming from Uruguay. The well proved Framingham index was used to validate the results. The preliminary results are very auspicious to encourage the research and get deeper knowledge of the cardiovascular risk indicators.

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The figure source equation and its physical consideration

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SYSTEMS AND COMPUTERS IN JAPAN 1996年第9期27卷 83-93页

作者： Aoki, Y Iijima, T Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Ishikawa Japan 923 Yasubim Aoki:graduated from the University of Kanazawa Faculty of Engineering Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Science in 1992 and received his Master's degree in 1994 from the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Hokuriku Department of Information Science where he is currently in the doctoral program engaged in research on pattern recognition. Honorary Member Taizo lijima:graduatedwith a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948 and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory and pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professor at the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1986. He because Professor Emeritus of that institute in 1986. He became Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus there in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of the institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector counsel committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this institute. In 1991 he became Honorary Member. He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the Literary Works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1989.

Theoretical studies on Iijima's ''Theory of Pattern Recognition,'' which is known as a method of multiple similarity, have shown clearly that there are situations when it is difficult to determine the viewpoint and visual field, important parameters to introduce topological aspects into the pattern space, observing a figure itself. To cope with this problem, this paper proposes transforming the observed image from a figure f(r) to a second-order differential image rho(r), called ''figure source.'' The aim is to reconstruct the theory in such a way as to enable the application of similarity evaluation methods as in the conventional case, without compromising the current theory, and all the necessary proofs are given. In this paper, the figure source equation as well as rules representing its properties are developed, and several related physical quantities are redefined.

关键词： figure source determination of viewpoint and visual field second-order differential image theory reconstruction figure source equation

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Acceptance and generation of general wave by a natural observation filter

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC SCIENCE 1995年第11期78卷 1-8页

作者： Iijima, T Honorary Member Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Ishikawa Japan 923-12 Taizo lijima:graduated with a B.E. degree from the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1948 and received his Ph.D. degree later. He joined the Electro-Technical Laboratories in 1948and since then has been involved in research on electromagnetic theory pattern recognition theory image processing voice recognition and research and development of OCR etc. After serving as the head of Iijima Special Research Laboratories he became Professorat the Tokyo Institute of Technology in 1972. Later he became the Professor Emeritus of that Institute in 1986. He became a Professor at Tokyo Engineering University and Professor Emeritus of that University in 1991. In 1991 he became Professor at the Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology and was appointed Vice President of that Institute in 1992. He served successively as editor examiner secretary of general affairs inspector councilor committee-head of pattern recognition and specialized studies head of Tokyo chapter and vice president of this Institute. In 1991 he became the Honorary Member.He received the Paper Award from the Institute four times and the literary works Award once. He received the Achievement Award and the Distinguished Service Award in 1976 and 1989 respectively. He received the Purple Ribbon Medal from the Emperor in 1988.

During the past few years, there has been a series of papers published on the theory of the natural observation method. As one of the important applications of this theory, the problems of acceptance and generation of a general waveform are discussed here. The case of polynomial waveforms and its corresponding theory was published previously. A great extension of that theory which covers general waveforms is presented here and its full picture is clarified.

关键词： natural observation filter acceptance of a wave generation of a wave theory of natural observation of the normal type

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Generalisability of fetal ultrasound deep learning models to low-resource imaging settings in five African countries (vol 13, 2728, 2023)

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SCIENTIFIC REPORTS 2023年第1期13卷 1-10页

作者： Sendra-Balcells, Carla Campello, Victor M. Torrents-Barrena, Jordina Ahmed, Yahya Ali Elattar, Mustafa Ohene-Botwe, Benard Nyangulu, Pempho Stones, William Ammar, Mohammed Benamer, Lamya Nawal Kisembo, Harriet Nalubega Sereke, Senai Goitom Wanyonyi, Sikolia Z. Temmerman, Marleen Gratacos, Eduard Bonet, Elisenda Eixarch, Elisenda Mikolaj, Kamil Tolsgaard, Martin Gronnebaek Lekadir, Karim Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain HP Inc. Barcelona Spain Obstetrics and Gynecology Department School of Medicine Suez University Suez Egypt Medical Imaging and Image Processing Center of Informatics Science Nile University Sheikh Zayed City Egypt Research and Development Division Intixel Cairo Egypt Department of Radiography School of Biomedical and Allied Health Sciences College of Health Sciences University of Ghana Accra Ghana Division of Midwifery and Radiography School of Health and Psychological Sciences University of London London UK Kamuzu University of Health Sciences Blantyre Malawi Department of Electrical Engineering Systems Laboratory of Engineering System and Telecommunication University of M’Hamed Bougara Boumerdes Algiers Algeria Obstetrics and Gynecology Department School of Medicine Algiers University Algiers Algeria Department of Radiology Mulago National Referral and Teaching Hospital Kampala Uganda Department of Radiology and Radiotherapy School of Medicine Makerere University College of Health Sciences Kampala Uganda Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Aga Khan University Hospital 3rd Parklands Avenue Nairobi Kenya Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health Aga Khan University Nairobi Kenya BCNatal Fetal Medicine Research Center Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS) Barcelona Spain Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBER-ER) Barcelona Spain Barcelona Tech Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya Barcelona Spain Copenhagen Academy for Medical Education and Simulation and Department of Obstetrics Rigshospitalet Copenhagen Denmark

Most artificial intelligence (AI) research and innovations have concentrated in high-income countries, where imaging data, IT infrastructures and clinical expertise are plentiful. However, slower progress has been made in limited-resource environments where medical imaging is needed. For example, in Sub-Saharan Africa, the rate of perinatal mortality is very high due to limited access to antenatal screening. In these countries, AI models could be implemented to help clinicians acquire fetal ultrasound planes for the diagnosis of fetal abnormalities. So far, deep learning models have been proposed to identify standard fetal planes, but there is no evidence of their ability to generalise in centres with low resources, i.e. with limited access to high-end ultrasound equipment and ultrasound data. This work investigates for the first time different strategies to reduce the domain-shift effect arising from a fetal plane classification model trained on one clinical centre with high-resource settings and transferred to a new centre with low-resource settings. To that end, a classifier trained with 1792 patients from Spain is first evaluated on a new centre in Denmark in optimal conditions with 1008 patients and is later optimised to reach the same performance in five African centres (Egypt, Algeria, Uganda, Ghana and Malawi) with 25 patients each. The results show that a transfer learning approach for domain adaptation can be a solution to integrate small-size African samples with existing large-scale databases in developed countries. In particular, the model can be re-aligned and optimised to boost the performance on African populations by increasing the recall to\(0.92 \pm 0.04\)and at the same time maintaining a high precision across centres. This framework shows promise for building new AI models generalisable across clinical centres with limited data acquired in challenging and heterogeneous conditions and calls for further research to develop new solutions for the us

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