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Human systems integration and advanced technology in engineering department workload and manpower reduction

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 2003年第1期115卷 57-65页

作者： Lively, KA Seman, AJ Kirkpatrick, M KENNETH A. LIVELY graduated from the University of Colorado with a BS in applied mathematics and an MS in mathematics in 1976 and from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with an MS in electrical engineering and the degree ocean engineer in naval architecture and marine engineering in 1984. He retired from the U.S. Navy in 1989 after 23 years of service. Assignments included electrical officer on the USS Constellation (CV 64) project engineer for the DDG 51 machinery control system (NAVSEA) and DDG 51 Technical Director (NAVSEA). He was vice president of the PDI Division of Bird-Johnson Company from July 1989 to November 1998 where he managed various gas turbine and machinery controls related development projects. He joined Anteon Corporation's Systems Engineering Group as senior controls engineer in December 1998 where he provided technical support to the integrated power systems program (NAVSEA PMS 510) and managed the Office of Naval Research Afloat Laboratory. DR. MARK KIRKPATRICK is currently an independent consultant in human factors and work-load/manning analysis and modeling. He holds a Ph.D. degree in experimental psychology from The Ohio State University and has 34 years of experience in applied human factors. From 1982 through 2000 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as the senior vice president of Carlow International. Prior to joining Carlow in 1982 Dr. Kirkpatrick served as a member of the technical staff at North American Rockwell's Missiles Division and as a project director and vice president for Essex Corporation. His areas of expertise include workload simulation task analysis operator-in-the-loop simulation human performance experimentation statistical analysis and human factors T&E. He has directed and/or participated in human factors projects for the U.S. Navy U.S. Army NASA Department of Transportation the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and private industry. ANTHONY J. SEMAN III is the technical manager for the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence (RSVP) advanced technology d

Aboard current ships, such as the DDG 51, engineering control and damage control activities are manpower intensive. It is anticipated that, for future combatants, the workload demand arising from operation of systems under conditions of normal steaming and during casualty response will need to be markedly reduced via automated monitoring, autonomous control, and other technology initiatives. Current DDG 51 class ships can be considered as a manpower baseline and under Condition III typical engineering control involves seven to eight watchstanders at manned stations in the Central control Station, the engine rooms and other machinery spaces. In contrast to this manning level, initiatives such as DD 21 and the integrated engineering plant (IEP) envision a partnership between the operator and the automation system, with more and more of the operator's functions being shifted to the automation system as manning levels decrease. This paper describes some human systems integration studies of workload demand reduction and, consequently, manning reduction that can be achieved due to application of several advanced technology concepts. Advanced system concept studies in relation to workload demand are described and reviewed including. Piecemeal applications of diverse automation and remote control technology concepts to selected high driver tasks in current DDG 51 activities. development of the reduced ship's crew by virtual presence system that will provide automated monitoring and display to operators of machinery health, compartment conditions, and personnel health. The IEP envisions the machinery control system as a provider of resources that are used by various consumers around the ship. Resource needs and consumer priorities are at all times dependent upon the ship's current mission and the availability of equipment pawnbrokers.

关键词： Naval warfare

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Application of speed sensorless control to railway traction field

Application of speed sensorless control to railway traction ...

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Power Conversion Conference

作者： K. Yuki T. Hemmi T. Hasebe I. Yasuoka K. Kondo K. Matsuoka Industrial Control Systems and Power Electronics R&D Department Power and Industrial Systems Research and Development Center Power Systems & Services Company Toshiba Corporation Fuchu Tokyo Japan Railway Technical Research Institute Tokyo Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0780371569

We have developed a novel drive system without using speed sensors in the railway traction field. In this time, we carried out some running tests in the field using an actual train to verify the total stability and performance of the proposed system. Especially, these experiments were executed under 4 induction motors driven in parallel by only one VVVF inverter. It is concluded that the proposed system was so stable in all speed regions including wide flux weakening region using 1 pulse mode, and it's adhesion control performance was almost at the same level as the conventional drive system.

关键词： Sensorless control Rail transportation control systems Adhesives Traction motors Stability Induction motors Inverters Voltage control Frequency estimation

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Nonlinear modelling and model verification of a single protection valve

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Periodica Polytechnica Transportation Engineering 2002年第1-2期30卷 69-92页

作者： Németh, Huba Ailer, Piroska Hangos, Katalin M. Knorr-Bremse Res./Development Centre Major u. 69 H-1119 Budapest Hungary Aviation Technical Institute Miklos Zrinyi Natl. Def. Univ. P.O.B. 1 H-5008 Szolnok Hungary Systems and Control Laboratory Comp./Automation Research Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences P.O.B. 63 H-1518 Budapest Hungary

A lumped parameter dynamic model of a single protection valve with electronic actuation in a brake system based on first engineering principles is presented in this paper for control design purposes. The model is developed in an index-1 differential-algebraic equation (DAE) form, and it is capable of describing the hybrid behaviour of the protection valve. The DAE model is transformed into its standard nonlinear input-affine state-space model form, which will be used for control design purposes. The developed model has been verified by simulation studies, where it is shown that it is capable to describe the dynamic behavior of the examined protection valve.

关键词： Valves (mechanical)

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Recruitment of older participants in frailty/injury prevention studies

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Prevention Science 2002年第1期3卷 1-22页

作者： Ory, Marcia G. Lipman, Paula Darby Karlen, Patricia L. Gerety, Meghan B. Stevens, Victor J. Singh, Maria A. Fiatarone Buchner, David M. Schechtman, Kenneth B. Behavioral and Social Research Program National Institute on Aging Bethesda MD United States Texas A and M University System College Station TX United States Aspen Systems Corporation Rockville MD United States Center for Health Studies Group Health Cooperative of Puget Sound Seattle WA United States Geriatric Research Education and Clinical Center Audie L. Murphy Veterans Affairs Hospital San Antonio TX United States University of Texas Health Science Center San Antonio TX United States Center for Health Research Kaiser Permanente Portland OR United States School of Exercise and Sport Science University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Hebrew Rehabilitation Center for the Aged United States USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging Tufts University United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA United States Department of Health Services University of Washington Seattle WA United States Health Services Research and Development Field Program Seattle VA Medical Center Seattle WA United States Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine St. Louis MO United States Aspen Systems Corporation Mailstop 5U Rockville MD 20850 2277 Research Blvd. United States

Despite the lifelong health benefits of physical activity, frailer older adults have typically been excluded from studies promoting more active lifestyles. This study documents the recruitment process and costs from a multisite study to identify effective strategies for recruiting older adults in frailty/injury prevention research. Randomized controlled clinical trials were conducted at 7 sites;an 8th site was a compliance study. Interventions reflected center- and home-based health promotion programs. Site objectives, eligibility criteria, and contact and screening methods were obtained from manuals of operation. Recruitment results (number screened, eligibility rates, randomized to screened ratios) were ascertained from recruitment data. Sites furnished estimated recruitment costs (nonlabor expenses, investigator and staff time, fringe benefits) up to signing the consent form. The sites targeted diverse populations and sample sizes. The majority revised recruitment methods to meet their recruitment goals. Most sites estimated costs of recruitment at over $300 per participant randomized. Recruitment costs were affected by staff time spent alleviating concerns about participants' health, essential interactions with family members, and arranging for transportation. Neither frailty nor intervention intensity was found to be a major predictor of recruitment outcomes. Recruitment expense was associated with selection criteria and frailty status of the target population. Older people can be successfully recruited into beneficial health promotion programs, but it is often challenging. In planning health promotion studies, investigators need to be aware of the numbers of older people they may need to screen and different strategies for increasing recruitment success. © 2002 Society for Prevention research.

关键词： Clinical trials Costs Exercise Frailty Injury prevention Physical activity Recruitment

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Optimal monitoring and risk limits for a wastewater biological treatment serial plant 6

Optimal monitoring and risk limits for a wastewater biologic...

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6th European control Conference, ECC 2001

作者： Maria, G. Maria, C. Salcedo, R. De Azevedo, S. Feyo Chemical and Biochemical Eng. Dept University Politehnica PO 15-253 Bucharest Romania National Research and Development Institute for Environment Protection Bucharest Romania Department of Chemical Engineering Institute for Systems and Robotics University of Porto Portugal

ISBN: (纸本)9783952417362

The biological treatment is the most complex step in removing organic and inorganic pollutants from wastewaters, being very sensitive to input-flow oscillations, operating conditions and biomass evolution. Sudden increases in substrate concentration or some inhibitory substances, deterioration of the biomass, or few observed species, all of these lead to a repeated process identification for each waste and biomass type, and also to a difficult control because of the process complexity, low data reproducibility and flexibility of the aerator-settler unit. The numerical analysis, even under imperfect data, can lead to significant improvements in the wastewater treatment (WWT) by determining the optimum and safe plant operating conditions. When only one bioreactor-settler unit exists, a few number of optimisation criteria can be checked. Alternatively, the paper illustrates in a complex WWT plant case including several units, how the increased system flexibility allows using multiple plant operation policies under various optimisation criteria. The analysis is exemplified in a practical case of three serial WWT units by deriving various transient operating policies with considering compromises among process yield, economics and safety aspects. © 2001 EUCA.

关键词： Wastewater treatment

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Optimal monitoring and risk limits for a wastewater biological treatment serial plant

Optimal monitoring and risk limits for a wastewater biologic...

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European control Conference (ECC)

作者： G. Maria C. Maria R. Salcedo S. Feyo de Azevedo Chemical & Biochemical Eng. Dept University Politehnica Bucharest PO Romania National Research & Development Institute for Environment Protection Bucharest Romania Department of Chemical Engineering and Institute for Systems and Robotics University of Porto Portugal

The biological treatment is the most complex step in removing organic and inorganic pollutants from waste-waters, being very sensitive to input-flow oscillations, operating conditions and biomass evolution. Sudden increases in substrate concentration or some inhibitory substances, deterioration of the biomass, or few observed species, all of these lead to a repeated process identification for each waste and biomass type, and also to a difficult control because of the process complexity, low data reproducibility and flexibility of the aerator-settler unit. The numerical analysis, even under imperfect data, can lead to significant improvements in the wastewater treatment (WWT) by determining the optimum and safe plant operating conditions. When only one bioreactor-settler unit exists, a few number of optimisation criteria can be checked. Alternatively, the paper illustrates in a complex WWT plant case including several units, how the increased system flexibility allows using multiple plant operation policies under various optimisation criteria. The analysis is exemplified in a practical case of three serial WWT units by deriving various transient operating policies with considering compromises among process yield, economics and safety aspects.

关键词： Biomass Biological system modeling Optimization Kinetic theory Recycling Substrates

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Distributed modular computer-integrated surgical robotic systems: Implementation using modular software and networked systems 3rd

Distributed modular computer-integrated surgical robotic sys...

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3rd International Conference on Medical Image Computing and Computer-Assisted Intervention, MICCAI 2000

作者： Bzostek, Andrew Kumar, Rajesh Hata, Nobuhiko Schorr, Oliver Kikinis, Ron Taylor, Russell H. Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins University BaltimoreMD United States Surgical Planning Laboratory Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School BostonMA United States Institute of Process Control and Robotics University of Karlsruhe Germany Engineering Research Center for Computer Integrated Surgical Systems and Technology Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540411895

We seek to build CIS research systems within a flexible, open architecture. In this paper, we outline our solutions to the problems of system design, construction, and integration in this environment: building distributed, modular systems for sensing, control, and processing. Based on our experience building these systems, we utilize distributed network architectures, modular software components, and intelligent object distribution to maximize flexibility while complying with the particular needs and interfaces of specific components. While a work in progress, these approaches have been integrated into several systems in development and have demonstrated significant utility, based on construction time and system flexibility. This paper will discuss the first two aspects: modular software and basic network architectures, while intelligent object distribution is presented in a companion paper. Based on the applications we have targeted and technologies we have used, this paper introduces our architecture and its components. It then presents the system’s current state and finally, discusses plans for future improvements and extensions. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000.

关键词： Network architecture

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Grasp evaluation based on unilateral force closure

Grasp evaluation based on unilateral force closure

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IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： S. Haidacher T. Schlegl M. Buss The German AeroSpace Research Establishment Institute for Robotics and Systems Dynamics Germany Institute of Automatic Control Engineering Technische Universität München Germany

We present an algorithm which allows qualitative and quantitative analysis of the general force closure property of a grasp when fingertip contact forces are limited by unilateral friction constraints. It is applied to grasp synthesis during regrasping sequences. Contact points for moving fingers which result in structurally stable grasps are calculated. The proposed method is suitable for two and three dimensional grasps with an arbitrary number of fingers. The approach is validated by numerical examples and in dynamical simulations.

关键词： Fingers Friction Algorithm design and analysis Robots Stability analysis Automatic control Performance analysis Differential equations Testing Aerodynamics

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Dynamic process initial conditions in repetitive processes. controllability and stability analysis

Dynamic process initial conditions in repetitive processes. ...

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1999 Information, Decision and control, IDC 1999

作者： Galkowski, K. Rogers, E. Gramacki, A. Gramacki, J. Owens, D.H. Technical University of Zielona Gora Institute of Robotics and Software Engineering Zielona Gora Poland University of Southampton Image Speech and Intelligent Systems Research Group Department of Electronics and Computer Science SouthamptonSO17 lBJ United Kingdom University of Exeter Centre for Systems and Control Engineering School of Engineering ExeterEX4 4QF United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)0780352564

Repetitive, or multipass, processes are a class of 2D systems of both practical and algorithmic/theoretical interest whose dynamics cannot be analysed or controlled using standard (1D) systems theory. Recently it has been shown that the modelling of the boundary conditions, also known as the process initial conditions, is a crucial feature in the analysis and control of these processes. This paper presents some further results on the effects of so-called 'dynamic' process initial conditions on the controllability and stability properties of discrete linear repetitive processes. Previous work has shown that these dynamic process initial conditions alone can destroy the stability properties of these processes. Hence their effects must be 'adequately' accounted for the process modelling stage in order to ensure that subsequent analysis does not lead to incorrect results/conclusions. The main results developed in this paper can be summarised as follows. (i) Computationally efficient stability tests which can, in effect, be applied using standard, or 1D, linear systems tests. (ii) Characterisation of so-called pass controllability in the form of matrix rank based conditions. (iii) Conditions under which the dynamic process initial conditions can be selected to ensure stability and pass controllability. © 1999 IEEE.

关键词： controllability

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Robust Stabilization of Car Steering Dynamics

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IFAC Proceedings Volumes 1999年第2期32卷 3283-3288页

作者： Long Wang J. Ackermann Center for Systems and Control Department of Mechanics and Engineering Science Peking University Beijing 100871 Fax: +86-10-51881688 China Institute of Robotics and System Dynamics German Aerospace Research Center DLR-Oberpfaffenhofen D-82230 Wessling Germany

In this paper, by exploiting the intrinsic structure of system equations and uncertainties, we first establish a nonconservative PID stabilization criterion for driver support systems. We then show some interesting results on positivity and connections of PID controllers. Finally, some extreme point results on PID α-stabilization are obtained. These results give certain explanations and justifications for the simulation results performed at German Aerospace research Center.

关键词： Robust control Car Steering Dynamics Parameter Space PID controllers Stabilization Extreme Point Results

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