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Influence of human engineering on manning levels and human performance on ships

NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第5期109卷 67-76页

作者： Anderson, DE Oberman, FR Malone, TB Baker, CC David E. Anderson:has a bachelor of science degree in environmental engineering from Florida Technological University and a master's degree in environmental engineering from the University of Central Florida. He is a graduate of the Naval Sea Systems Command's Engineer-In-Training (EIT) Program. Mr. Anderson was instrumental in introducing the collective protection system (CPS) in the U.S. Navy developing the initial forward-fit package for the USS Gunston Hall and the engineering change proposal (ECP) for the USS Wasp. In 1990 he joined the Human Systems Integration (HSI) Division (SEA 55W5) where he was task leader for auxiliary ships. He is currently the HSI manager for the future technology variant of the SeaLift ship and the future carrier. Association of Scientists and Engineers 33rdAnnual Technical Symposium 26 April 1996. Fred R. Oberman:has B.A. and M.A. degrees from the University of Chicago and Loyola University (experimental psychology) and an M.S. degree in industrial engineering and operations research from Virginia Polytechnic Institute (VPI). He has more than 30 years experience in HSI management planning research analysis design and testing in government and private sector positions. He is currently responsible for NavSea HSI generic research and tool development efforts. He is responsible for Human Engineering Specifications and Standards (Commercial Hypertext) and is the NavSea 03D7 representative on HSI in Performance Specifications and for integration of HSI within Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). He has served as DoD HSI SubTAG chair and member of the Simulation and Modeling Test and Evaluation Display and Control Systems Human Computer Interaction Specifications and Standards and Systems Design Sub Tags as a member of the Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers (SNAME) Systems Safety Panel and a member of NATO RSG 14 on man-machine analysis. Thomas B. Malone: CHFEP received a Ph.D. in experimental psychology from Fordham University in 1964. He is president of Carlow

The objectives of Human Engineering (HE) are generally viewed as increasing human performance, reducing human error, enhancing personnel and equipment safety, and reducing training and related personnel costs. There are other benefits that are thoroughly consistent with the direction of the Navy of the future, chief among these is reduction of required numbers of personnel to operate and maintain Navy ships. The Naval research Advisory Committee (NRAC) report on Man-Machine Technology in the Navy estimated that one of the benefits from increased application of man-machine technology to Navy ship design is personnel reduction as well as improving system availability, effectiveness, and safety The objective of this paper is to discuss aspects of the human engineering design of ships and systems that affect manning requirements, and impact human-performance and safety The paper will also discuss how the application of human engineering leads to improved performance, and crew safety, and reduced workload, all of which influence manning levels. Finally, the paper presents a discussion of tools and case studies of good human engineering design practices which reduce manning.

关键词： Human engineering

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The GDL data transmission experiment

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EUROPEAN TRANSACTIONS ON ELECTRICAL POWER 1997年第2期7卷 143-146页

作者： Rumpel, D Proske, D Kempinski, W Hummel, M Dr.-Ing. Dieter Rumpel (1932). VDE. is full professor and since 1978 head of the Power Systems Institute of Duisburg University Gennany. He pot his Dipl.-Ing. degree from the Technical University Munich Germany. and his Dr.-lng. degree from the Technical University Berlin Germany. Before his call to Duisburg he worked at Siemens AG for 23 years. (Gerhard-Mrrcator-Universität-GH-Duisburp. Fnchbereich Elektrotechnik. D-47048 DuisburgGerrnany. Tel+-19 203/379-3437. Fax +49203/379-2749) Wolfgang Kempinski (1964) received his diploma(Dipl.-Ing.) degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Duisburg/Germany in 1989. From 1989 to 1991 he joined the AEG Softwaretechnik GmbH & Co. KG. Fnnkfurt/Germany and was involved in software development for the control center of a large electricity transmissionand supply utility. Since 1991 he ismember of the Electrical Power Systems Institute at the University of Duisburg. His main researchactivities ye in visualisation concepts for a training simulatorfor electrical power systems. (Gerhard-Mercator-UniversitätGH-Duisbug. FB 9 Elektrotechnik. p47048 Duisburg/Ger-many Tel+49203/379-32 I I Fax +49203/379-2749) Professor Detlef Proske (1943) received the Dip1.-lng. and Dr.-Ing. degree special subject “Electric Drives”. at the University of Technology DresdedGermany Faculty Electrical Engineering in 197 I and 1975 respectively. He was appointed as a Senior Lecturer in 1978 and as an Assistant Professor (Dozent) in 1987 at the University of Technology ZittadGermany. There he received his Dr. sc.techn. (Dr.-lng. habil) degree special subject “Control of Power Systems”. In I993 he became a Professor at the HTWS ZittadGorlitz (FH). (HTWS ZittadGorlitz (FH) FB Elektrotechnik. Theodor-Korner-Allee 16 D-02763 ZinadGemy Trl+493583/61 1549. Fax +493583/6l 1330) Dipl.-Ing. Matthias Hummel (1964) studied from 1986 to 1990 special subject “Technical Cybernetics and Automation Technology”. at the University of Technology DresdenIGermany. Afterwards he worked a. a research

The experiment was designed to demonstrate the data transmission capabilities of a langunge-oriented data system (GDL). In a realistic simulation, an unknown computer-controlled substation was connected to a control centre. By inquiry to the substation, the control centre computer got informed on the stock of objects and the topological connections in this substation, then designed inter active diagrams for its switchyards. Finally, this substation was controlled as for switching and transformer tapping by nit operator. The time required to couple the previously unknown substation to the control system amounted to 100 s.

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Developing a prototype concurrent design tool for composite topside structures

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NAVAL ENGINEERS JOURNAL 1997年第3期109卷 279-290页

作者： Dirlik, S Hambric, S Azarm, S Marquardt, M Hellman, A Bartlett, S Castelli, V Steve Dirlik:began his career at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Carderock Division in 1981 as an aerospace engineer co-op student. He completed his bachelor of science degree in aeropace and ocean engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University in 1985 and his master of science degree in aerospace engineering from the University of Maryland in 1990. Mr. Dirlik recently completed a master of science program in applied physics at The Johns Hopins University and currently works in the Radar Cross Section and Target Physics Branch of the Signatures Directorate at the Naval Surface Warfare Center Corderoke Division. He has worked on Navy low observable programs since 1990. Stephen Hambric:is a research associate at the Applied Research Laboratory at The Pennsylvania State University. He received his B. S. and M.S. degree in mechanical engineering from Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University and his D. Sc. in mechnical engineering from the George Washington University. He has worked on several computer aided multidiscikplinary design and optimization projects over the years including an automated propeller design system and a structural acoustic optimization capability. Dr. Shpour Azarm:is currently working as an associate professor with the Design and Manufacturing Group of the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of maryland at College Park. Dr Azarm's expertise is in the areas of optimization-based designed and concurrent design and optimization of multidisciplinary systems. He was a consultant at Black & Decker Corporation (summer 1996) and worked as a Navy senior summer faculty fellow (summer 1995) and a NASA summer faculty fellow (summer 1994). He was a visiting scientist at NASA Langley Research Center for Multidisciplinary Analysis and Applied Structural Optimzatiom at the University of Siegen in Germany (spring 1992) and the Design Institute of the Technical University of Denmark (summer 1990). Dr Azarm was an associate technical editor of the ASME Jour

A prototype concurrent engineering tool has been developed for the preliminary design of composite topside structures for modern navy warships. This tool, named GELS for the Concurrent Engineering of Layered Structures, provides designers with an immediate assessment of the impacts of their decisions on several disciplines which are important to the performance of a modern naval topside structure, including electromagnetic interference effects (EMI), radar cross section (RCS), structural integrity, cost, and weight. Preliminary analysis modules in each of these disciplines are integrated to operate from a common set of design variables and a common materials database. Performance in each discipline and an overall fitness function for the concept are then evaluated. A graphical user interface (GUI) is used to define requirements and to display the results from the technical analysis modules. Optimization techniques, including feasible sequential quadratic programming (FSQP) and exhaustive search are used to modify the design variables to satisfy all requirements simultaneously. The development of this tool, the technical modules, and their integration are discussed noting the decisions and compromises required to develop and integrate the modules into a prototype conceptual design tool.

关键词： Warships

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Generation of structured process models using genetic programming 3rd

Generation of structured process models using genetic progra...

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3rd Workshop on Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, AISB 1996

作者： Pohlheim, Hartmut Marenbaeh, Peter Daimler Benz AG Systems Technology Research Alt-Moabit 96a BerlinD-10559 Germany Darmstadt University of Technology Institute of Control Engineering Department of Systems Theory and Robotics Landgraf-Georg-Strare 4 DarmstadtD-64283 Germany

ISBN: (纸本)3540617493

The design of structured mathematical models of processes in a certain level of abstraction defined by the given task appears to be difficult and time consuming even for experienced experts. This paper reports on a new method for the design of structured process models based on the metaphor of Genetic Programming. This new methodology allows the automatic generation of non-linear process models in a self-organizing way. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1996.

关键词： Genetic algorithms

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Robust decoupling control via sliding mode control

Robust decoupling control via sliding mode control

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International Workshop on Variable Structure systems, VSS

作者： T. Mita T. Suzuki A. Shimada Department of Control Systems Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Japan Research & Development Department Seiko Seiki Company Limited Chiba Japan

Decoupling control by means of state feedback is very fragile against parameter variations and nonlinearities existing in real plants. On the other hand, sliding mode control (SMC) is known as a robust control methodology which can be applied to nonlinear systems. In this paper, we will develop a robust decoupling control by employing SMC.

关键词： Sliding mode control Robust control control systems Nonlinear systems Linear systems Stability systems engineering and theory Industrial control Conferences Variable structure systems

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On-line identification of continuous time-delay systems using the genetic algorithm

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第6期116卷 115-126页

作者： Hachino, T Yang, ZJ Tsuji, T Kyushu Institute of Technology Currently in the doctoral program in Electrical Engineering at Kyushu Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research on system identification. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers and the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers. Received his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1992 from Kyushu University. Since then he has been a Research Associate in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He is engaged in research mainly in system identification and related genetic algorithms neural networks wavelet analysis and control of magnetic levitation systems etc. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers Society of Instrument and Control Engineers and Robotics Society of Japan. Received his Dr. of Eng. degree in 1968 from Kyushu University. In 1968 he became a Lecturer in 1971 an Associate Professor and since 1982 a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He was Visiting Researcher at the University of Minnesota under the sponsorship of the Ministry of Education from 1986 to 1987. He is engaged in research mainly on control theory and power electronics. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers

This paper proposes a new kind of on-line identification method of continuous time-delay systems from sampled input-output data. In order to track the time-varying system parameters as well as time-delay, the recursive linear least squares (RLS) method is combined in a bootstrap manner with the genetic algorithm (GA) which has a high potential for global optimization. The time-delay is coded into binary bit strings and searched by the GA, while the system parameters are updated by the RLS method. Furthermore, this method (GALS method) is hybridized with the sequential nonlinear least squares method to improve the speed of convergence. Simulation results show that both the GALS and hybrid methods are efficient in the case that the system changes abruptly, and among them the hybrid method has superior convergence property to the GALs method and yields excellent estimation results in the case that the system changes with time continuously.

关键词： on-line identification continuous-time system time-delay system recursive least squares method sequential nonlinear least squares method genetic algorithm

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Analysis and performance improvement of motor speed control system with nonlinear friction

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第6期117卷 63-73页

作者： Iwasaki, M Kitoh, Y Matsui, N Nagoya Institute of Technology Completed his doctorate at Nagoya Institute of Technology in 1991 and was employed by the same university as Assistant. He is a Doctor of Technology. He is engaged in research on motion control. He is a member of the Japan Society of Precision Engineering and IEEE. Graduated from Nagoya Institute of Technology in 1995 and started doctorate studies. He is engaged in research in friction compensation on servo systems. Completed postgraduate studies at Nagoya Institute of Technology in 1968 and was employed by the same university as Assistant then Instructor Assistant Professor and from 1985 Professor. He is a Doctor of Technology. He is engaged in research and education in power electronics and motion control. He is a member of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineering Robotics Society of Japan and IEEE.

Solid friction in machine elements is one of the dominant nonlinearities affecting the control accuracy of servo drive systems. Many schemes, including feedforward control, observer-based control and repetitive learning control have been proposed to compensate for nonlinear friction. These schemes show superior performance compared to that of the conventional P- and/or PI-controller;however, friction model errors and bandwidth restriction of the observer cause compensation errors, thus decreasing control accuracy. This paper presents a new control algorithm for performance improvement of a motor speed control system having nonlinear friction. By analyzing characteristics of conventional compensation control schemes during velocity reversal, the relation between control parameters and control accuracy is examined so as to explore problems with each scheme. Based on these analyses, a new feedforward control algorithm is proposed. The proposed algorithm is verified by analyses of control characteristics and experiments using a prototype. Experimental results show the superior performance improvement of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： nonlinear friction friction compensation bang-bang control disturbance observer robust control feedforward control

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Sensor diagnosis system combining Immune Network and Learning Vector Quantization

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第5期117卷 44-56页

作者： Kayama, M Sugita, Y Morooka, Y Hitachi Ltd. Received his Master's degree in 1984 from Osaka University. He joined the Hitachi Research Laboratory of Hitachi Ltd. in 1984. He was a Visiting Researcher at the University of California Los Angeles from 1990 to 1991. He is engaged in research on control of FA systems and control application of neural networks. He received a Paper Award from the I.E.E. Japan in 1995. Received his Master's degree in 1992 from Okayama University. He joined the Hitachi Research Laboratory of Hitachi Ltd. in 1992. He is engaged in research on system control of steel plants and control application of neural networks. Graduated in 1965 from the Department of Control Engineering Kyushu Institute of Technology. He received his Ph.D. later. He joined the Hitachi Research Laboratory of Hitachi Ltd. in 1965. He is currently a Supervising Researcher at the Laboratory. He is engaged in research on computer control systems. He is engaged mainly in development of multivariable control knowledge control and system engineering of steel plants. He received a Paper Award from the I.E.E. Japan in 1995. He is a member of the Society of Instrument and Control Engineers and the Information Processing Society of Japan.

A distributed diagnosis system combining Immune Network (IN) and Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) for detecting fault sensors accurately in industrial plants is proposed. It has two execution modes, namely, its training mode where LVQ extracts correlation between each two sensors from their outputs when they work properly, and its diagnosis mode, where LVQ contributes to testing each two sensors using the extracted correlation, while IN contributes to determining fault sensors by integrating these local testing results obtained from LVQ. Discussed here is how to improve diagnosis capability of the developed system. It is shown that the thresholds can be determined effectively by the constraint that the hyperregion corresponding to the normal sensor outputs in each quantization vector space is a single region. Diagnosis capability of the developed system is evaluated using a prototype system for detecting fault sensors of a reheating furnace plant. With the proposed method, abnormal sensors, such as aged deteriorated ones, which have been difficult to be detected only by checking each output of sensor independently, are possible to be specified.

关键词： immune network vector quantization fault diagnosis sensor learning

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Experimental study of LIM-driven, attraction-type magnetically levitated carrying system

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第3期116卷 124-131页

作者： Hikihara, T Hirane, Y Uejyou, T Kansai University Ph.D. degree in 1987 in Electrical Engineering from Kyoto University. He joined Kansai University as a Research Associate and is currently an Associate Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering Kansai University. He was a Visiting Researcher at Cornell University in the U.S. from 1993 to 1994. He is engaged in development of magnetically levitated systems as well as application of high-temperature superconductors modeling of nonlinear phenomena etc. He is a member of IEEE Institute of Electronics Information and Communication Engineers and Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers. Graduated in 1956 from the Department of Electrical Engineering Hosei University. In 1959 he received his Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Osaka Prefectural University. He joined Kansai University and has been a Professor since 1984. He is engaged in research mainly on power electronics and motor control development of superconducting coreless transformers and development of magnetically levitated systems. He is a member of the Institute of Systems Control and Information Engineers and Cryogenic Association of Japan. West Japan Railway Co. Ltd. Completed the first-half of the doctoral program in 1993 in Electrical Engineering at Kansai University. In 1993 he joined West Japan Railway Co. Ltd. He was engaged in research on the development of magnetically levitated carrying systems while in graduate school. He received a Paper Presentation Award of the I.E.E. Japan in 1993.

Recently, many kinds of magnetic levitation systems have been proposed and developed for use in factory automation systems. This progress in the development depends on the appearance of new types of permanent magnets and new control. theories. On the other hand, some systems have simple structures in which couples roles are given for both levitation and conveyance. As for these systems, however, many trials are needed to establish the system configurations and the control theory. The authors have developed a new magnetically levitated carrying system driven by LIM (linear-induction motor). The system can be completely detached from a guideway both in mechanical and electrical meanings.

关键词： ac attraction-type magnetic levitation U-shaped iron core switching control levitated driving characteristics

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Application of genetic algorithm to speed servo system and positioning system

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ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING IN JAPAN 1996年第3期117卷 76-86页

作者： Yoshida, S Kamano, T Suzuki, T Harada, H The University of Tokushima Received his B.S. degree in 1985 from Tokushima University. His doctoral degree is in progress. Joined Nippondenso Ltd. in 1985. He is engaged in electrical equipment design and development. He is a member of I.E.E. Japan Japan Society of Instrument and Control Engineers and Systems Control and Information Society. Received his M.S. and D.Eng. degrees in 1983 from Kyushu University. He was a Research Fellow 1983 Lecturer 1988 and Associate Professor 1989 at Tokushima University. He is interested in control of electrical machinery. He is a member of Society of Instrument and Control Engineers Systems Control and Information Society Japan Robotics Society and Japan Fuzzy Theory Society. Received his M.S. degree in 1966 from Tokushima University. He has been a Research Fellow Lecturer Associate Professor Professor at Tokushima University. He is interested in electrical machinery analog computation control of electrical machinery control in the utilization of natural energy. He is a member of IEICE Control and Instrumentation Society Received his Associate in Engineering degree in 1970 and B.S. degree in 1972 from Tokushima University. He joined Tokushima University as a Technician in 1969. He is engaged in design of research instrumentation and apparatus control.

This paper considers a genetic algorithm application to feedforward controllers of speed servo and positioning systems. The system consists of a conventional feedback controller and a feedforward controller. The parameters of the feedforward controller are regarded as the chromosome on a gene. The genetic algorithm is used to tune the parameters of the feedforward controller, the objective of which is to make the feedforward controller a dynamic inverse of the plant. The tracking error between the desired output and the actual output at every sampling period is used to calculate the fitness of one gene. The range of mutation is dependent on the magnitude of the tracking error, which ensures parameter convergence. The effect of fitness function and the width of mutation on tracking performances is investigated. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed genetic algorithm in improving tracking performances.

关键词： genetic algorithm feedforward controller speed servo positioning system

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