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Specificity of serological screening tests and reference laboratory tests to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis: a prospective clinical performance study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2024年第4期13卷 48-63页

作者： Martial Kassi N'Djetchil Oumou Camara Mathurin Koffi Mamadou Camara Dramane Kaba Jacques Kabore Alkali Tall Brice Rotureau Lucy Glover Melika Barkissa Traorel Minayegninrin Kone Bamoro Coulibaly Guy Pacome Adingra Aissata Soumah Mohamed Gassama Abdoulaye Dansy Camara Charlie Franck Alfred Compaore Aissata Camara Salimatou Boiro Elena Perez Anton Paul Bessell Nick Van Reet Bruno Bucheton Vincent Jamonneau Jean-Mathieu Bart Philippe Solano Sylvain Bieler Veerle Lejon Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Jean Lorougnon Guede UniversityDaloaCote d'ivoire National Program for Neglected Tropical Disease Control Patient ManagementMinistry of HealthConakryGuinea Trypanosomosis Research Unit Pierre Richet InstituteBouakeCote d'ivoire International Research and Development Centre on Livestock in Subhumid Zones Bobo-DioulassoBurkina Faso National Program for Malaria Control ConakryGuinea Parasitology Unit Institut Pasteur de GuineeConakryGuinea Trypanosome Molecular Biology Unit Department of Parasites and Insect VectorsPasteur InstituteParis Cite UniversityParisFrance Intertryp IRD-CIRAD-University of MontpellierMontpellierFrance Independent Consultant EdinburghUk Department of Biomedical Sciences Institute of Tropical MedicineAntwerpBelgium Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics GenevaSwitzerland

Background Serological screening tests play a crucial role to diagnose gambiense human African trypanosomiasis (gHAT). Presently, they preselect individuals for microscopic confirmation, but in future "screen and treat" strategies they will identify individuals for treatment. Variability in reported specificities, the development of new rapid diagnostic tests (RDT) and the hypothesis that malaria infection may decrease RDT specificity led us to evaluate the specificity of 5 gHAT screening *** During active screening, venous blood samples from 1095 individuals from Cote d’Ivoire and Guinea were tested consecutively with commercial (CATT, HAT Sero-K-SeT, Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0) and prototype (DCN HAT RDT, HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0) gHAT screening tests and with a malaria RDT. Individuals with ≥ 1 positive gHAT screening test underwent microscopy and further immunological (trypanolysis withT.b. gambiense LiTat 1.3, 1.5 and 1.6;indirect ELISA/T.b. gambiense;T.b. gambiense inhibition ELISA withT.b. gambiense LiTat 1.3 and 1.5 VSG) and molecular reference laboratory tests (PCR TBRN3, 18S and TgsGP;SHERLOCK 18S Tids, 7SLZoon, and TgsGP;Trypanozoon S2-RT-qPCR 18S2, 177T, GPI-PLC and TgsGP in multiplex;RT-qPCR DT8, DT9 and TgsGP in multiplex). Microscopic trypanosome detection confirmed gHAT, while other individuals were considered gHAT free. Differences in fractions between groups were assessed by Chi square and differences in specificity between 2 tests on the same individuals by *** One gHAT case was diagnosed. Overall test specificities (n = 1094) were: CATT 98.9% (95%CI: 98.1–99.4%);HAT Sero-K-SeT 86.7% (95%CI: 84.5–88.5%);Bioline HAT 2.0 82.1% (95%CI: 79.7–84.2%);DCN HAT RDT 78.2% (95%CI: 75.7–80.6%);and HAT Sero-K-SeT 2.0 78.4% (95%CI: 75.9–80.8%). In malaria positives, gHAT screening tests appeared less specific, but the difference was significant only in Guinea for Abbott Bioline HAT 2.0 (P = 0.03) and HAT Sero-K-Set 2.0 (P = 0.0006). The specificitie

关键词： Human African trypanosomiasis Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Diagnosis Specificity Rapid diagnostic test Immunological test Molecular test

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Short-Chain Dense Brush Pegylation on Rigid Nanocarriers Overcomes Anti-Peg Antibody Recognition for Immune-Stealth Drug Delivery

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Chen, Ting-Yu Chang, Chi-Yuan Wen, Ting-Chun Xu, Li Lin, Yu-Han Peng, Cheng-Liang Yeh, Yi-Qi Chen, Chueh-Hsuan Chuang, Kuo-Hsiang Wu, Si-Han Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan Department of Isotope Application National Atomic Research Institute Taoyuan Taiwan National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center Hsinchu Science Park Hsinchu30076 Taiwan Research Center for Applied Science Academia Sinica Taiwan PhD Program in Clinical Drug Development of Chinese Herbal Medicine Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan International Ph.D. Program in Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering Taipei Medical University Taipei11031 Taiwan

The immunogenicity of polyethylene glycol (PEG) remains a critical challenge in nanomedicine, as pre-existing anti-PEG antibodies can compromise therapeutic efficacy through accelerated blood clearance (ABC) and life-threatening hypersensitivity. Here, we address this challenge by engineering the PEG architecture, creating short-chain dense brush PEGylation (PEG500) on rigid mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs). Unlike conventional PEG2000-liposomes, MSN-PEG500 evades antibodies via three synergistic mechanisms: (1) short-chain PEG500 reduces epitope accessibility, (2) high grafting density (4.43 chains/nm2, according to TGA) forms an dense steric shield, and (3) the rigid silica surface prevents PEG burial. ELISA studies demonstrated that, at equivalent nanoparticle concentrations, MSN-PEG500 exhibits a 26-fold reduction in anti-PEG IgG (6.3) binding and a 1000-fold reduction in anti-PEG IgM (AGP3) binding compared to Lipodox (PEG2000), both of which target the PEG backbone. Furthermore, radiolabeled MSN-PEG500 achieved prolonged circulation and 25% tumor accumulation (ID/g) at 24 hours. In strongly immunized mice, doxorubicin-loaded MSN-PEG500 preserved therapeutic efficacy and 100% survival, whereas Lipodox induced fatal hypersensitivity. Mechanistic investigations revealed that complement activation drives PEG2000 immunotoxicity, and pretreatment with the C3 inhibitor compstatin effectively mitigated temperature drops from 10°C to 2°C in immunized hosts. By demonstrating that nanoscale control of polymer conformation dictates immunological fate, this work provides a clinically translatable blueprint for developing immune-evasive nanomedicines. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Silica nanoparticles

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development of Mobile Robot Education Kit Prototype for Elementary School Students

Development of Mobile Robot Education Kit Prototype for Elem...

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2021 International Conference on Computer System, Information Technology, and Electrical Engineering, COSITE 2021

作者： Priandana, Karlisa Margaretha, Friska Sinaga, Doli Aryo Dani Kusumoputro, Benyamin Bogor Agricultural University Computer Science Department Bogor Indonesia Bogor Agricultural University Vocational School of Computer Engineering Program Bogor Indonesia Research Development Interactive Robotics Bogor Indonesia Universitas Indonesia Dept of Electrical Engineering Depok Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9781665425094

Electronic technologies are growing very rapidly, especially those related to automation and robotics. Robotics technology is currently being developed and implemented in various fields including military, search and rescue, education, transportation, sports, and many other fields. Various researches on robotics technology continue to be carried out by various universities in the world including in Indonesia. To increase the interest of the young generation in the field of robotics, an attractive educational kit especially for elementary school level is necessary. This work aims to develop a robotics education kit in the form of a unique and interesting mobile robot as a learning media for elementary school students. The robot was developed using an Arduino microcontroller and can be operated by elementary school students using an easy and user-friendly blocks programming. The testing shows that the developed robotics education kit has been able to function properly, in accordance with the design and the specified requirements. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Anticipated need, demand, and supply of doctors and beds in China: approaching a turning point

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Discover Health Systems 2025年第1期4卷 1-19页

作者： Wang, Quan Liu, Siqi Yang, Xiaochen Gong, Chao Zhang, Wentian Yang, Li Li, Hui Sun, Qiang Tangcharoensathien, Viroj Centre for Health Management and Policy Research School of Public Health Cheeloo College of Medicine Shandong University Jinan China National Health Commission (NHC) Key Lab of Health Economics and Policy Research Shandong University Jinan China Institute of Health Policy Management and Evaluation (IHPME) Dalla Lana School of Public Health University of Toronto Toronto Canada Center of Health System and Policy Institute of Medical Information & Library Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Beijing China School of Public Health Peking University Beijing China Beijing Institute for Health Development Peking University Beijing China China National Health Development Research Center National Health Commission of China Beijing China International Health Policy Program Ministry of Public Health Nonthaburi Thailand

Over the past decade, China has experienced a surge in doctors and beds, along with significant increase in healthcare utilization. This study compares the need-based and demand-based projections with supply of doctors and beds in China from 2021 to 2025. We also evaluate the adequacy and equitable distribution of doctors and beds. By utilizing public data from 2008 to 2018, we employed the health need method, health demand method, and trend projection to estimate the need and demand for and supply of doctors and beds in China. By 2025, the projected need-based, demand-based, and supply of doctors will be 5.93 million, 3.89 million, and 4.40 million, respectively. Correspondingly, bed projections stand at 7.27 million, 6.58 million, and 11.06 million. The study found an inclination toward hospital care, amplified by the need and demand for doctors and beds in hospital sector. Notably, the findings indicate 64.0% and 87.5% of incremental doctors and beds supply will be in hospital sector by 2025, intensifying towards a hospital-centric healthcare system. Considering current trajectories, this study reveals an excess supply of doctors and beds in China by 2025, with widening disparities that favour inefficient hospitals than primary care institutions. We recommend the government to emphasize the importance of optimal investment and allocation of doctors and beds between hospital and primary care sectors, reform the payment method in favour of primary care, and reorient public preferences for hospital services, by strengthening the capacity and quality of primary sector in order to gain population’s trust and confidence.

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Post-release survival of shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky (Carcharhinus falciformis) sharks released from pelagic tuna longlines in the Pacific Ocean

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Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 2023年第4期33卷 366-378页

作者： Francis, Malcolm P. Lyon, Warrick S. Clarke, Shelley C. Finucci, Brittany Hutchinson, Melanie R. Campana, Steven E. Musyl, Michael K. Schaefer, Kurt M. Hoyle, Simon D. Peatman, Tom Bernal, Diego Bigelow, Keith Carlson, John Coelho, Rui Heberer, Craig Itano, David Jones, Emma Leroy, Bruno Liu, Kwang-Ming Murua, Hilario Poisson, François Rogers, Paul Sanchez, Caroline Semba, Yasuko Sippel, Tim Smith, Neville National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Wellington New Zealand Lyon Marine Research Ltd Wellington New Zealand Sasama Consulting Shizuoka Japan Joint Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research University of Hawaii Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI United States University of Iceland Reykjavik Iceland Pelagic Research Group LLC Honolulu HI United States Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission La Jolla CA United States National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Nelson New Zealand University of Auckland Department of Statistics Auckland New Zealand The Pacific Community Noumea New Caledonia University of Massachusetts Dartmouth Dartmouth MA United States NOAA Fisheries - Pacific Islands Fisheries Science Center Honolulu HI United States NOAA Fisheries - Southeast Fisheries Science Center Panama City FL United States IPMA - Portuguese Institute for the Ocean and Atmosphere Olhão Portugal The Nature Conservancy Large Scale Fisheries Program San Diego CA United States The Nature Conservancy Large Scale Fisheries Program Honolulu HI United States National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research Auckland New Zealand National Taiwan Ocean University Keelung Taiwan International Seafood Sustainability Foundation (ISSF) Pittsburgh PA United States MARBEC Université de Montpellier Sète France Southern Fishery Solutions SA Australia National Research and Development Agency Japan Fisheries Research and Education Kanagawa Pref Japan Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife - Region 5 Vancouver WA United States

Substantial global population declines in pelagic sharks have led to the introduction of management and conservation measures, including gear restrictions and no-retention policies, to curb declines and encourage stock recovery. As the rate of discarding sharks increases, there is a growing need to understand prognostic factors that influence their post-release survival (PRS) outcomes. PRS was measured with survival pop-up satellite archival tags attached to shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus) and silky sharks (Carcharhinus falciformis) released or discarded from pelagic tuna longline fishing vessels operating in the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission Convention Area. In total, 117 tags were deployed on 60 mako and 57 silky sharks captured as bycatch during commercial pelagic longline fishing trips in New Zealand (n = 35), Fiji (n = 58), New Caledonia (n = 10) and the Republic of the Marshall Islands (n = 14). Mako engaged in long-distance movements between New Zealand, Australia, Fiji and New Caledonia, while silky sharks tagged in the Marshall Islands showed evidence of seasonal movements eastward. PRS was determined for 110 sharks (57 mako, 53 silky sharks). Most tagged sharks of both species were uninjured (89%) at capture and most sharks (88%) survived post-release until tag loss or the programmed pop-up date (60 days). However, when considering a complete fishing interaction (haulback, handling, release), PRS estimates were markedly reduced to 48.6% and 52.3% for mako and silky sharks, respectively. For both species, survivorship was greater in large (>150 cm fork length) uninjured sharks and sharks released with low shark length to trailing branchline ratios. While these findings suggest that retention bans offer sharks an increased chance of survival, continued efforts should be made to improve handling and release practices, reduce trailing gear and minimize pelagic shark bycatch. © 2023 The Authors. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater E

关键词： bycatch fisheries management fishing mortality best practices high seas no retention policy pelagic shark RFMO

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Investigation of Cu2ZnSnS4 film by simple flow-coating technique 5

Investigation of Cu2ZnSnS4 film by simple flow-coating techn...

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5th Asian Conference on Thermoelectrics and the 6th Southeast Asia Conference on Thermoelectrics, ACT and SACT 2020

作者： Khotummee, Nattee Sumphao, Theerawut Seetawan, Tosawat Optic Research Laboratory Center of Excellent on Alternative Energy Research and Development Institute Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University Sakon Nakhon47000 Thailand Program of Physics Faculty of Science and Technology Sakon Nakho Rajabhat University 680 Nittayo Road Mueang District Sakon Nakhon Province Saskon Nakhon47000 Thailand

This present study aims to investigate a Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) film obtained by simple flow-coating technique using with CZTS precursor solution synthesized by non-vacuum sol-gel process and annealing without sulfurization. The precursor solution was prepared by mixture CuCl2, ZnCl2 SnCl2 and CH4N2S molar to obtain the ion of Cu, Zn, Sn and S. The CZTS film was investigated by using XRD, FE-SEM, and UV‐Visible Spectroscopy, respectively. The XRD results show main peak at the angle 28.48° according with (112) plane on the kieserite phase of tetragonal structure, crystallite size average about ~ 103.137 ± 0.9788 nm. The surface morphology was observing microscopic porosity structure of the particles and cross-section achieve a film thickness of approximately 32.92 ± 0.62 μm. The EDX result was revealed that whereas the composition nonuniformity from the simple flow-coating process. The optical properties show band gap energy quite close to the optimum value ~ 1.518 eV, good optical absorption (~105 cm−1). These characteristics make the simple fabrication CZTS film suitable material as an absorber layer in photovoltaic. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： Tin compounds

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Critical Disciplinary Thinking and Curricular Design in Games

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DESIGN ISSUES 2023年第1期39卷 88-104页

作者： Rouse, Rebecca Malazita, James Rebecca Rouse is an associate professor (Biträdande Professor) in Media Arts Aesthetics and Narration in the Division of Game Development at the University of Skövde Sweden. Rouse's research focuses on investigating new forms of storytelling with new technologies such as immersive and responsive systems via queer critical feminist perspectives and methods. James Malazita is a co-guest editor for this special issue Critical Game Design. He is an assistant professor of Science & Technology Studies and the associate director of the Games & Simulation Arts & Sciences Program at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy NY. His work examines game engines and design through a feminist technoscience studies lens.

This article details a large-scale curricular design project in creating and implementing an MS/PhD in "Critical Game Design. " Curricular design and critical scholarship in the analysis and design of games are co-constitutive. Institutional structures build individual and institutional capacity, they legitimize scholarship, define boundaries of expertise, and contribute to imaginations of disciplinary purview. We reflect on what is at stake beyond the discipline itself in wider digital culture, particularly the spread of disinformation, related growth of anti-academic sentiment, and testing of the foundations of democracy. We examine our own complicity and articulate the space of the games classroom as a site of potential transformation.

关键词： Curriculum Design Social Justice Graduate Education Games Studies Game Design

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Climate Downscaling: A Deep-Learning Based Super-resolution Model of Precipitation Data with Attention Block and Skip Connections

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Chiang, Chia-Hao Huang, Zheng-Han Liu, Liwen Liang, Hsin-Chien Wang, Yi-Chi Tseng, Wan-Ling Wang, Chao Chen, Che-Ta Wang, Ko-Chih Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei116 Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei116 Taiwan Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei116 Taiwan Department of Earth Science National Taiwan University Taipei116 Taiwan

Human activities accelerate consumption of fossil fuels and produce greenhouse gases, resulting in urgent issues today: global warming and the climate change. These indirectly cause severe natural disasters, plenty of lives suffering and huge losses of agricultural properties. To mitigate impacts on our lands, scientists are developing renewable, reusable, and clean energies and climatologists are trying to predict the extremes. Meanwhile, governments are publicizing resource-saving policies for a more eco-friendly society and arousing environment awareness. One of the most influencing factors is the precipitation, bringing condensed water vapor onto lands. Water resources are the most significant but basic needs in society, not only supporting our livings, but also economics. In Taiwan, although the average annual precipitation is up to 2,500 millimeter (mm), the water allocation for each person is lower than the global average due to drastically geographical elevation changes and uneven distribution through the year. Thus, it is crucial to track and predict the rainfall to make the most use of it and to prevent the floods. However, climate models have limited resolution and require intensive computational power for local-scale use. Therefore, we proposed a deep convolutional neural network with skip connections, attention blocks, and auxiliary data concatenation, in order to downscale the low-resolution precipitation data into high-resolution one. Eventually, we compare with other climate downscaling methods and show better performance in metrics of Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Pearson Correlation, structural similarity index (SSIM), and forecast indicators. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Climate models

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Applying Digital Technologies to Tackle Teen Dating Violence: a Systematic Review

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Trends in Psychology 2024年第2期32卷 356-374页

作者： Andrade, Thaís Afonso Sampaio, Marisa Amorim Donard, Véronique Catholic University of Pernambuco (UNICAP) 526 Príncipe street Boa Vista PE Recife 50050-900 Brazil CAPES Scholarship (Coordination of Improvement in Higher Education oh the Brazilian Education Ministry) Recife Brazil Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais (PUC MINAS) Minas Gerais Betim Brazil Federal University of Pernambuco/Clinical Hospital PA Recife Brazil Prof. Fernando Figueira Institute of Integral Medicine - IMIP Recife Brazil Sandwich Programme at the Tavistock Clinic London United Kingdom Post-Graduate Program in Clinical Psychology UNICAP PA Recife Brazil ANPEPP WG “Parentality and Child Development in Different Contexts” Ribeirão Preto Brazil University Paris Diderot-Paris 7 Paris France University Paris IV-Sorbonne Paris France Research Line in Cyberpsychology and Digital Humanities of the Same Postgraduate Program PA Recife Brazil

The aim of this study was to understand how digital technologies are being used to tackle dating violence among teenagers. A systematic review of national and international scientific literature was carried out in the Web of Science, PsycInfo, Pubmed, DOAJ, SciELO, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, in November and December 2019. Eleven studies were eligible for inclusion in the systematic review;only one study had been carried out in Brazil, suggesting a gap in national scientific production on the subject. It was found that digital technologies have been successfully applied in the prevention of, and intervention in, situations of dating violence. There was a range of tools available for tackling this phenomenon among teenagers, including: smartphone apps, text messaging, digital games, and online multimedia. It is recommended that actions to tackle dating violence take account of the various expressions of violence — physical, psychological, sexual, and, more recently, digital — and their far-reaching repercussions for physical and mental health. © 2022, Associação Brasileira de Psicologia.

关键词： Dating violence Digital technology Internet Teenager

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Terahertz Emission Improvement of Gallium-Arsenide-Based Bowtie Photoconductive Antenna by Aao-Patterned Gold Nanoparticles Integration on the Photoconducting Gap

SSRN

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dela Rosa, Lourdes Nicole Alaba, Kenneth Jay Cabello, Neil Irvin Loberternos, Regine Ferrolino, John Paul Verona, Ivan Cedrick Juguilon, Vince Paul Salvador, Arnel Somintac, Armando Kitahara, Hideaki De Los Reyes, Alexander Bardolaza, Hannah Tani, Masahiko Estacio, Elmer National Institute of Physics University of the Philippines Diliman Metro Manila Quezon City Philippines Laser Science Laboratory Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Materials Science Engineering Program University of the Philippines Diliman Metro Manila Quezon City Philippines Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region University of Fukui Fukui Japan

We report on the terahertz emission improvement in GaAs-based photoconductive antennas (PCA) with gold (Au) nanoparticles (NPs) on the PCA gap, patterned using anodic aluminum oxide template. Two PCA devices were fabricated with Au NPs having average diameters of 200 nm and 20 nm. The THz peak-to-peak intensity increased ~2-fold for the 200-nm PCA, and increased ~1.5-fold in peak-to-peak intensity for the 20-nm PCA. Finite difference time domain (FDTD) simulations revealed that surface plasmon resonance enhancement effects were more pronounced for the 200-nm diameter Au NP PCA. The results demonstrate a cost-effective method of utilizing nanostructures to improve PCA performance. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Gold nanoparticles

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