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Evaluating constraints on offshore wind farm installation across the Taiwan Strait by exploring the influence of El Niño-Southern Oscillation on weather window assessment

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e40125页

作者： Tseng, Wan-Ling Lin, Cheng-Wei Wang, Yi-Chi Hsu, Huang-Hsiung Chiu, Kuan-Ming Wu, Yueh-Shyuan Hsieh, Yi-Huan Chen, Ying-Ting Ocean Center National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan Research Center for Environmental Changes Academia Sinica Taipei Taiwan Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute Sweden Department of Energy Engineering Nation United University Taiwan Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories Industrial Technology Research Institute Taipei Hsinchu Taiwan Office of Sustainability National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan International Degree Program in Climate Change and Sustainable Development National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan

The transition to renewable energy sources, such as offshore wind farms, is essential in mitigating climate change. Taiwan has set ambitious targets to harness wind energy from the Taiwan Strait, but offshore wind farm installations are highly dependent on weather conditions, particularly wind speeds. This study examines the relationship between the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and offshore wind farm installation by assessing weather windows—periods with wind speeds below 12 m per second at a height of 100 m for at least 12 h. Our analysis shows that during La Niña years, the number of feasible weather windows decreases by up to 40 %, particularly between October and June, compared to neutral and El Niño years. This decrease can be as high as fourfold in December, significantly impacting installation schedules. Seasonal variations are also notable, with wind speeds exceeding 12 m s⁻¹ in winter 66.4 % of the time, compared to 29.4 % in spring, making spring and summer the most favorable periods for installation. However, even during these favorable seasons, La Niña years can bring higher wind speeds, necessitating careful planning. These results underscore the importance of integrating ENSO forecasts into project planning to avoid installation delays and optimize installation timelines. By leveraging seasonal and interannual climate variability predictions, decision-makers can improve the resilience of offshore wind farm projects and ensure efficient energy transition strategies. © 2024

关键词： ENSO Offshore wind farm Taiwan Strait

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Bringing Hypersonic Missile Capability to the Fleet

Bringing Hypersonic Missile Capability to the Fleet

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作者： Banuchi, S. I Hughes, T. M Rice, C Tank, T. N Naval Postgraduate School Monterey CA Naval Surface and Mine Warfighting Development Center San Diego CA NAVAL RESEARCH PROGRAM MONTEREY

Hypersonic glide body weapons represent a revolutionary change in offensive capabilities for militaries around the world. The U.S. Navy is developing a hypersonic glide body capability with the Conventional Prompt Strike program, which has a scheduled initial operational capability of 2025. This capstone project has developed candidate systems that describe how the Army's Long Range Hypersonic Weapon (LRHW) system could be integrated onto various vessels to deliver a hypersonic glide body capability to the Navy before the Conventional Prompt Strike program is operational. research indicates that the LRHW is the most mature hypersonic glide body system developed by the United States, and integrating its use aboard Navy ships is the most likely path to success. This capstone describes the user concerns, system requirements, and concepts of operation through the development of systems engineering products that describe each of the candidate systems.

关键词： Naval operations Navy Naval warfare Marine transportation Prompt global strike Systems engineering Rockets Fire control systems Land attack missiles National security Aircrafts Boats Fleet ballistic missiles Short takeoff aircraft Military science Munitions Ballistic missiles

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Effects of yacon syrup on postprandial blood glucose in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A double-blind randomized clinical trial

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Clinical Nutrition Open Science 2025年 62卷 79-88页

作者： Pereira, Fernanda Freitas Lourenço, Miriam Verginia Pizo, Gabriel Vendruscolo Siqueira, Beatris Gomes Moraes, Rita M. Cantrell, Charles L. Wang, Mei dos Reis, Rosana Maria Navarro, Anderson Marliere Division of Nutrition and Metabolism Department of Health Sciences Ribeirão Preto Medical School Graduate Program in Nutrition and Metabolism University of São Paulo Ribeirão Preto Brazil Yacon-BR Research and Development in Natural Products Ltda Brazil Santa Martha Agro Ltda Rodovia Prefeito Antônio Duarte Nogueira Km 317 Contorno Sul CEP Ribeirão Preto 14032-800 Brazil Natural Products Utilization Research Unit Agricultural Research Service United States Department of Agriculture University MS United States Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics (DGO) Ribeirão Preto Medical School University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) Brazil

Background & Aims: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age worldwide. Important metabolic alterations, hyperglycemia, insulin resistance (IR), and impaired glucose metabolism aggravate PCOS, especially in those who are overweight and obese. Certain root vegetables, such as the tuberous root of yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius), shows potential antidiabetic activity for improving human health. This study evaluates the effect of yacon syrup on postprandial blood glucose response in overweight or obese women with PCOS. Methods: We conducted a randomized crossover trial lasting fifteen days, with 5 days of intervention and a washout period of 3 days, involving 20 patients diagnosed as overweight or obese with PCOS. We performed a biochemical and anthropometric evaluation of daily food consumption. Yacon syrup and placebo were administered at breakfast, lunch, and dinner. We monitored blood glucose pre-meal, immediate post-meal, 1 hour post-meal, and 2 hours post-meal. A total of 20 women with PCOS were evaluated: 60% (n=12) overweight and 40% (n=8) obese, with a mean age of 27.15 (±5.92) years. Results: There were no significant differences in food consumption (P < 0.05). However, blood glucose data revealed differences in immediate postprandial blood glucose at meals in general (P = 0.007) and in immediate postprandial blood glucose at breakfast and dinner (P= 0.03 and P = 0.034, respectively). Conclusion: The findings suggest that the consumption of yacon syrup as part of meals in overweight or obese women with PCOS may contribute to moderating immediate postprandial glycemic response. This effect could be beneficial in reducing glucose fluctuations following meals. Clinical Trial Registry Number: RBR-104qgt7b. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Fructooligosaccharides Obesity Overweight Polycystic ovary syndrome Postprandial glycemia Yacon syrup

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Preliminary Assessments of Population Exposure to Glycidyl Esters and 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol Esters from Miscellaneous Oil-Containing Packaged Foods in Taiwan

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Chang, Yu-Hsuan Liao, Kai-Wei Lin, Zih-Ee Lee, Wei-Ju Master Program in Food Safety College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan School of Food Safety College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan National Taiwan University Taiwan Research Center of Food Safety Inspection and Function Development College of Nutrition Taipei Medical University Taipei Taiwan

Glycidyl esters (GEs) and 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol esters (3-MCPDEs) are carcinogenic contaminants found in refined oils. This study aimed to determine levels of GEs and 3-MCPDEs in packaged foodstuffs, and estimate daily exposure levels using food consumption data. The analysis involved Soxtec extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and the recovery of spiked GEs and 3-MCPDEs was within the range of 80%~110%. Results showed that GEs and 3-MCPDEs were almost ubiquitous in food products (95%), with the highest concentrations found in processed fats, followed by cookies and spreads. Food products containing palm-derived oils had significantly higher levels of contaminants (p © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Palm oil

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Dietary Supplementation with Ginseng Extract Enhances Testicular Function, Semen Preservation, and Fertility Rate of Pubertal and Aging Thai Native Roosters

SSRN

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ratchamak, Ruthaiporn Authaida, Supakorn Koedkanmark, Thirawat Boonkum, Wuttigrai Semaming, Yoswaris Chankitisakul, Vibuntita Department of Animal Science Faculty of Agricultural Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand The Research and Development Network Center of Animal Breeding and Omics Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen40002 Thailand Program in Veterinary Technology Faculty of Technology Udon Thani Rajabhat University Udon Thani41000 Thailand

The decrease in fertility in aging roosters is related to the reduced quality of the ejaculated sperm. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation with ginseng extract at various concentrations (0–150 mg/kg) on testicular function, semen preservation, and fertility at different stages of sexual maturity (pubertal and aging roosters) in Thai native roosters. Pradu Hang Dum roosters at 32 (puberty;n=24) and 75 (aging;n=24) weeks of age were fed diets with non-supplemented or supplemented ginseng extracts (50, 100, and 150 mg/kg) until the end of the experiment. In experiment 1, fresh semen and lipid peroxidation were examined. In experiment 2, semen was preserved at 5 °C for up to 48 h. The semen quality and fertility capability were determined. In experiment 3, testicular function and testosterone concentrations were evaluated. The results showed that ginseng extract supplementation in the diets of both pubertal and aging roosters at 50 and 100 mg/kg improved fresh semen quality (P © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Dietary supplements

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Chromosomal Abnormalities in MDS Are Linked to Dysregulation of CDC20 and CEP55 Genes

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BLOOD 2020年 136卷 36-37页

作者： Melo, Mayara Magna de Lima Borges, Daniela de Paula Dos Santos, Antonio Wesley Araujo Cavalcante, Gabrielle Melo Sampaio, Leticia Rodrigues Oliveira, Roberta Taiane Germano Magalhaes, Silvia Maria Meira Pinheiro, Ronald Feitosa Post-graduate Program in Medical Science Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Federal University of Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Department of Clinical Medicine Cancer Cytogenomics Laboratory Drug Research and Development Center Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza Brazil Department of Clinical Medicine Center for Research and Drug Development (NPDM) Universidade Federal do Ceará Fortaleza Brazil

Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal hematopoietic disorder characterized by cytopenias and an increased risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Its pathogenesis is strictly linked to chromosomal instability, which in turn provides a valuable prognostic marker. Malignant cells develop alternative routes to escape mitosis checkpoints, overcoming the mitotic arrest imposed by Spindle Assembly Checkpoint (SAC), a process dependent on CDC20 inactivation. Abnormal levels of CDC20 can inhibit mitotic arrest, promoting premature exit from mitosis. Overexpression of CEP55 also facilitates the mitotic exit, resulting in polyploidy (an event called Mitotic Slippage). Since chromosomal abnormalities are one of the most important prognostic factors for patients with MDS, this study aimed to analyze the possible link between chromosomal abnormalities and CDC20 and CEP55 mRNA expression in MDS. We evaluated the bone marrow cells from 45 patients diagnosed as MDS according to 2016 WHO-classification (1 MDS-SLD, 15 MDS-RS-MLD, 5 MDS-MLD, 1 t-MDS, and 23 MDS-EB) and 5 bone marrow of healthy controls. Conventional Karyotyping was performed by G-banding of 20 metaphases whenever possible. TaqMan expression assays for CDC20 (Hs00426680_mH) and CEP55 (Hs01070181_m1) were performed in duplicate and the expression ratios were calculated using the 2−ΔCq method. Normality was evaluated by Shapiro-Wilk test. Outliers were removed. The Student’s t-test or one-way ANOVA with Tukey/Games Howell post-hoc test was used to analyze the influence of relative expression regarding variables. Patients with MDS showed increased expression of CDC20 and CEP55 compared to healthy individuals (p<0.0001 and p<0.0001). Regarding karyotype, there was the overexpression of CDC20 and CEP55 in patients with altered karyotype and aneuploid karyotype when compared to patients with normal karyotype (p <0.0001 and p =0.001; p = 0.013 and p = 0.022, respectively) (Figure 1A-D). CDC20 and CEP55 have

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Predicting M4 Carbine Pollutant Emissions: Baseline Skeletal Finite-Rate Chemical Kinetics Mechanisms for Muzzle-Blast Modeling

Predicting M4 Carbine Pollutant Emissions: Baseline Skeletal...

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作者： McQuaid, M. J Chen, C McNesby, K. L Schmidt, J. R DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ALEXANDRIA VA DEVCOM Army Research Laboratory Aberdeen Proving Ground MD FCDD-RLW-WC

To create baseline chemical kinetics mechanisms for a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of M4 muzzle blast, the trial mechanism method was employed to reduce a full mechanism comprising 2751 elementary reactions and 813 species. The full mechanisms appropriateness for the application is discussed. Solutions to relevant homogeneous reactor problems based on skeletal mechanisms with as few as 22 reactions and 20 species yielded temperature and heat release rate versus time histories that well reproduced those produced with the full mechanism. Two candidates were recommended for use in the muzzle-blast CFD model: one with 22 reactions and 20 species, and one with 27 reactions and 22 species. All the inputs needed to construct them are provided in an addendum to this report (ARL-TN-1048). Targeting the establishment of better-designed screening protocols for future mechanism reduction efforts, recommendations for mapping the results of muzzle-blast simulations produced with these mechanisms are proffered.

关键词： Chemical reactions Composite propellants Rocket oxidizers Combustion Materials laboratories Materials testing Chemistry Computational fluid dynamics Chemical reaction properties Combustion products Chemical kinetics Hydroxyl terminated polybutadiene Propellants Propelling charges Reaction mechanisms Simulations Fluid dynamics Fuels Rocket engines Department of defense

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Empirical influence functions to understand the logic of fine-tuning

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Matelsky, Jordan K. Ungar, Lyle Kording, Konrad P. Department of Bioengineering University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Research & Exploratory Development Department Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory LaurelMD United States Department of Computer and Information Science University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States Department of Bioengineering Department of Neuroscience University of Pennsylvania PhiladelphiaPA United States CIFAR LMB Program Canada

Understanding the process of learning in neural networks is crucial for improving their performance and interpreting their behavior. This can be approximately understood by asking how a model's output is influenced when we fine-tune on a new training sample. There are desiderata for such influences, such as decreasing influence with semantic distance, sparseness, noise invariance, transitive causality, and logical consistency. Here we use the empirical influence measured using fine-tuning to demonstrate how individual training samples affect outputs. We show that these desiderata are violated for both for simple convolutional networks and for a modern LLM. We also illustrate how prompting can partially rescue this failure. Our paper presents an efficient and practical way of quantifying how well neural networks learn from fine-tuning stimuli. Our results suggest that popular models cannot generalize or perform logic in the way they appear to. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Sampling

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Demonstration of Autonomous Aerial Acoustic Recording Systems to Inventory Department of Defense Bird Populations

Demonstration of Autonomous Aerial Acoustic Recording System...

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作者： Buehler, D. A Fischer, R. A Wilkerson, J. B Worley, S Smith, D. R Hockman, E Prevost, S Environmental Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center Vicksburg MS ENVIRONMENTAL SECURITY TECHNOLOGY CERTIFICATION PROGRAM ALEXANDRIA VA Environmental Security Technology Certification ProgramERTIFICATION PROGRAM ALEXANDRIA VA

This demonstration project addressed the Department of Defense need for innovative technology for monitoring avian populations in inaccessible areas. This report presents results from field validation tests for an autonomous aerial acoustic recording system, a helium filled weather balloon that transported an instrument payload over inaccessible areas (e.g., ordnance impact areas) to record avian vocalizations.

关键词： Birds Health services Medical personnel Habitats Wildlife Environmental protection Tickborne diseases Cells Environment

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Value and Resiliency of Ecosystem Services on Department of Defense Lands

Value and Resiliency of Ecosystem Services on Department of ...

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作者： Patch, B McDowell, N. G Prasad, R Moore, M. L Tan, Z Hurteau, M. D US Department of Energy Richland WA STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM ALEXANDRIA VA Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program Alexandria VA SERDP

The objective of this work was to demonstrate the viability of an ecosystem services (ESs) simulation-valuation methodology tailored for Department of Defense (DoD) land management. The methodology (1) leveraged the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencys Final Ecosystem Goods and Services-Classification System (FEGS-CS) to identify beneficiaries and benefits, (2) leveraged previously-performed terrestrial ecosystem model simulations to quantify FEGS, and (3) adapted market and nonmarket valuation techniques to quantify benefits. While tradeoffs existed among land management options, land management was beneficial to ESs even under climate warming. The simulation-valuation methodology is viable. FEGS-CS was extended to include military-unique ESs and benefits. Although data limitations prevented comprehensively estimating economic values, the report provides a clear path to filling these gaps. Extending the methodology to aquatic and atmospheric environments, using more representative natural process models, and compiling valuation-related data are recommended for future research.

关键词： Birds Habitats Wildlife Cells Medical personnel Environmental protection Eutrophication Fish Ecology Forests

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