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Corrigendum to “Effects of discrete and simultaneous addition of SiC and Si 3 N 4 on microstructural development of TiB 2 ceramics” [Ceram. Int. 47 (2021) 3520–3528]

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Ceramics International 2021年第11期47卷 16363-16364页

作者： Van-Huy Nguyen Seyed Ali Delbari Zohre Ahmadi Abbas Sabahi Namini Quyet Van Le Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr Mehdi Shahedi Asl Mohsen Mohammadi Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Engineering Sciences Faculty of Advanced Technologies University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Namin Iran Department of Engineering Sciences Faculty of Advanced Technologies Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT) Namin Iran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Vietnam Marine Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence (MAMCE) University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB E3B 5A1 Canada

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Thermal conductivity of CaSiO3 perovskite at lower mantle conditions

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Physical Review B 2021年第18期104卷 184101-184101页

作者： Zhen Zhang Dong-Bo Zhang Kotaro Onga Akira Hasegawa Kenji Ohta Kei Hirose Renata M. Wentzcovitch Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing 100875 People's Republic of China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193 People's Republic of China Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo 152-8551 Japan National Metrology Institute of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8563 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Science The University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo 152-8550 Japan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New York New York 10027 USA Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University Palisades New York 10964 USA

Thermal conductivity (κ) of mantle minerals is key to understanding dynamics in the deep Earth. It controls the style of mantle convection and the timescale of cooling both the mantle and the core. Cubic CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv) is the third most abundant mineral in the lower mantle (7vol%). Despite its importance, no theoretical or experimental estimate of CaPv's κ is available. Theoretical investigations of its properties are challenging because of its strong anharmonicity. Experimental measurements at relevant pressures and temperatures are equally challenging. Here we present ab initio results for CaPv's κ obtained using the phonon quasiparticle approach to address its strong anharmonicity. We also offer experimental measurements of κ up to 67 GPa and 1950 K. Predictions and measurements are in good agreement and reveal a surprisingly large κ for cubic CaPv that can be explained on the basis of its high crystal structure symmetry. Despite its relatively low abundance, CaPv's κ increases the lower mantle κ by ∼10%, if accounted for. κ of mantle regions enriched in subducted crustal materials will be more strongly impacted.

关键词： Anharmonic lattice dynamics Phonons Pressure effects Thermal conductivity Perovskites First-principles calculations Molecular dynamics Thermoreflectance

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Optimal parameter configurations for sequential optimization of the variational quantum eigensolver

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Physical Review research 2023年第4期5卷 043136-043136页

作者： Katsuhiro Endo Yuki Sato Rudy Raymond Kaito Wada Naoki Yamamoto Hiroshi C. Watanabe Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 1-1-1 Umezono Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan Quantum Computing Center Keio University Hiyoshi 3-14-1 Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan Toyota Central R & D Labs. Inc. Koraku Mori Building 10F 1-4-14 Koraku Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-0004 Japan IBM Quantum IBM Japan 19-21 Nihonbashi Hakozaki-cho Chuo-ku Tokyo 103-8510 Japan Department of Computer Science The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan Department of Applied Physics and Physico-Informatics Keio University Hiyoshi 3-14-1 Kohoku-ku Yokohama 223-8522 Japan Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science Kyushu University 744 Motooka Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan

The variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid algorithm to find the minimum eigenvalue/vector of the given Hamiltonian by optimizing a parameterized quantum circuit (PQC) using a classical computer. Sequential optimization methods, which are often used in quantum circuit tensor networks, are popular for optimizing the parameterized gates of PQCs. In this paper, we focus on the case where the components to be optimized are single-qubit gates, in which the analytic optimization of a single-qubit gate is sequentially performed. The analytical solution is given by diagonalization of a matrix whose elements are computed from the expectation values of observables specified by a set of predetermined parameters, which we refer to as the parameter configurations. In this paper, we first show that the optimization accuracy significantly depends on the choice of parameter configurations owing to the statistical errors in the expectation values. We then identify a metric that quantifies the optimization accuracy of a parameter configuration for all possible statistical errors, named configuration overhead/cost or C-cost. We theoretically provide the lower bound of C-cost and show that, for the minimum size of parameter configurations, the lower bound is achieved if and only if the parameter configuration satisfies the so-called equiangular line condition. Finally, we provide numerical experiments demonstrating that the optimal parameter configuration exhibits the best result in several VQE problems. We hope that this general statistical methodology will enhance the efficacy of sequential optimization of PQCs for solving practical problems with near-term quantum devices.

关键词： Quantum algorithms & computation Quantum circuits Quantum computation Quantum information processing Quantum measurements Quantum parameter estimation

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Fast and simplified fabrication of Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites for antioxidant and antibacterial activities

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Materials and Processing Report 2024年第1期39卷

作者： Hanh Thi Truong Thu Hong Thi Pham Luan Quang Le a Optical Materials Research Group Science and Technology Advanced Institute Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnamb Faculty of Applied Technology School of Technology Van Lang University Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam c Research and Development Center for Radiation Technology Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute Hanoi Vietnam d Biotechnology Center of Ho Chi Minh City Ho Chi Minh City Vietnam

ABSTRACTThis study reports a fast and simplified chemical reduction method for synthesizing Cu/Cu2O nanocomposites (NCPs) using sodium borohydride and L-ascorbic acid, with chitosan or polyvinylpyrrolidone as stabilizers. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed good monodispersity and predominantly spherical morphology of both chitosan and PVP-stabilized Cu and Cu2O nanoparticles, without agglomeration. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the presence of face-centred cubic Cu (fcc-Cu) and fcc-Cu2O phases. Nanoparticles stabilized by chitosan (1%) had larger sizes (53.5 nm for Cu and 26.5 nm for Cu2O) compared to those stabilized by PVP (1%) (40.8 nm for Cu and 22.7 nm for Cu2O). Characteristic absorption peaks of NCPs were observed in the UV-vis spectra at 581–586 nm for Cu and 380–400 nm for Cu2O. Both NCPs and ascorbic acid demonstrated antioxidant activity through DPPH radical scavenging. The antibacterial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusandSalmonella typhibacteria was confirmed by the zone of inhibition observed on diffusion disks.

关键词： Chemical reduction Cu/Cu2O nanocomposite chitosan PVP antioxidant antibacterial activities

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Can Physician Judgment Enhance Model Trustworthiness? A Case Study on Predicting Pathological Lymph Nodes in Rectal Cancer

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kobayashi, Kazuma Takamizawa, Yasuyuki Miyake, Mototaka Ito, Sono Gu, Lin Nakatsuka, Tatsuya Akagi, Yu Harada, Tatsuya Kanemitsu, Yukihide Hamamoto, Ryuji Division of Medical AI Research and Development National Cancer Center Research Institute 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo104-0045 Japan Cancer Translational Research Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project 1-4-1 Nihonbashi Chuo-ku Tokyo103-0027 Japan Department of Colorectal Surgery National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo104-0045 Japan Department of Diagnostic Radiology National Cancer Center Hospital 5-1-1 Tsukiji Chuo-ku Tokyo104-0045 Japan Machine Intelligence for Medical Engineering Team RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project 1-4-1 Nihonbashi Chuo-ku Tokyo103-0027 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology The University of Tokyo 4-6-1 Komaba Meguro-ku Tokyo153-8904 Japan Department of Applied Electronics Graduate School of Advanced Engineering Tokyo University of Science 6-3-1 Niijuku Katsushika-ku Tokyo125-8585 Japan Department of Biomedical Informatics Graduate School of Medicine The University of Tokyo 7-3-1 Hongo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-8655 Japan

Explainability is key to enhancing artificial intelligence's trustworthiness in medicine. However, several issues remain concerning the actual benefit of explainable models for clinical decision-making. Firstly, there is a lack of consensus on an evaluation framework for quantitatively assessing the practical benefits that effective explainability should provide to practitioners. Secondly, physician-centered evaluations of explainability are limited. Thirdly, the utility of built-in attention mechanisms in transformer-based models as an explainability technique is unclear. We hypothesize that superior attention maps should align with the information that physicians focus on, potentially reducing prediction uncertainty and increasing model reliability. We employed a multimodal transformer to predict lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer using clinical data and magnetic resonance imaging, exploring how well attention maps, visualized through a state-of-the-art technique, can achieve agreement with physician understanding. We estimated the model's uncertainty using meta-level information like prediction probability variance and quantified agreement. Our assessment of whether this agreement reduces uncertainty found no significant effect. In conclusion, this case study did not confirm the anticipated benefit of attention maps in enhancing model reliability. Superficial explanations could do more harm than good by misleading physicians into relying on uncertain predictions, suggesting that the current state of attention mechanisms in explainability should not be overestimated. Identifying explainability mechanisms truly beneficial for clinical decision-making remains essential. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Artificial intelligence

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ENIGMA-Meditation: Worldwide Consortium for Neuroscientific Investigations of Meditation Practices

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Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging 2025年第4期10卷 425-436页

作者： Ganesan, Saampras Barrios, Fernando A. Batta, Ishaan Bauer, Clemens C.C. Braver, Todd S. Brewer, Judson A. Brown, Kirk Warren Cahn, Rael Cain, Joshua A. Calhoun, Vince D. Cao, Lei Chetelat, Gaël Ching, Christopher R.K. Creswell, J. David Dagnino, Paulina Clara Davanger, Svend Davidson, Richard J. Deco, Gustavo Dutcher, Janine M. Escrichs, Anira Eyler, Lisa T. Fani, Negar Farb, Norman A.S. Fialoke, Suruchi Fresco, David M. Garg, Rahul Garland, Eric L. Goldin, Philippe Hafeman, Danella M. Jahanshad, Neda Kang, Yoona Khalsa, Sahib S. Kirlic, Namik Lazar, Sara W. Lutz, Antoine McDermott, Timothy J. Pagnoni, Giuseppe Piguet, Camille Prakash, Ruchika S. Rahrig, Hadley Reggente, Nicco Saccaro, Luigi F. Sacchet, Matthew D. Siegle, Greg J. Tang, Yi-Yuan Thomopoulos, Sophia I. Thompson, Paul M. Torske, Alyssa Treves, Isaac N. Tripathi, Vaibhav Tsuchiyagaito, Aki Turner, Matthew D. Vago, David R. Valk, Sofie Zeidan, Fadel Zalesky, Andrew Turner, Jessica A. King, Anthony P. Department of Biomedical Engineering The University of Melbourne Carlton VIC Australia Contemplative Studies Centre Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne VIC Australia Systems Lab of Neuroscience Neuropsychiatry and Neuroengineering The University of Melbourne Parkville VIC Australia Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Neurobiolgía México Querétaro Mexico Center for Translational Research in Neuroimaging and Data Science: Georgia State University Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University Atlanta GA United States Department of Psychology Northeastern University Boston Massachusetts Brain and Cognitive Science McGovern Institute for Brain Research Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences Washington University St. Louis Missouri Department of Behavioral and Social Sciences Brown University School of Public Health Providence Rhode Island Department of Psychology Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States University of Southern California Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences Los Angeles California University of Southern California Center for Mindfulness Science Los Angeles California Institute for Advanced Consciousness Studies Santa Monica California Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health The Ohio State University College of Medicine Columbus OH United States Normandie University Université de Caen Normandie INSERM U1237 Neuropresage Team Cyceron Caen France Imaging Genetics Center Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute Keck School of Medicine of the University of Southern California Los Angeles California Desert-Pacific Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center VA San Diego Healthcare System San Diego California Computational Neuroscience Group Center for Brain and Cognition Department of Information and Communication Technologies Universitat Pompeu Fa

Meditation is a family of ancient and contemporary contemplative mind-body practices that can modulate psychological processes, awareness, and mental states. Over the last 40 years, clinical science has manualized meditation practices and designed various meditation interventions that have shown therapeutic efficacy for disorders including depression, pain, addiction, and anxiety. Over the past decade, neuroimaging has been used to examine the neuroscientific basis of meditation practices, effects, states, and outcomes for clinical and nonclinical populations. However, the generalizability and replicability of current neuroscientific models of meditation have not yet been established, because they are largely based on small datasets entrenched with heterogeneity along several domains of meditation (e.g., practice types, meditation experience, clinical disorder targeted), experimental design, and neuroimaging methods (e.g., preprocessing, analysis, task-based, resting-state, structural magnetic resonance imaging). These limitations have precluded a nuanced and rigorous neuroscientific phenotyping of meditation practices and their potential benefits. Here, we present ENIGMA (Enhancing Neuro Imaging Genetics through Meta Analysis)–Meditation, the first worldwide collaborative consortium for neuroscientific investigations of meditation practices. ENIGMA-Meditation will enable systematic meta- and mega-analyses of globally distributed neuroimaging datasets of meditation using shared, standardized neuroimaging methods and tools to improve statistical power and generalizability. Through this powerful collaborative framework, existing neuroscientific accounts of meditation practices can be extended to generate novel and rigorous neuroscientific insights that account for multidomain heterogeneity. ENIGMA-Meditation will inform neuroscientific mechanisms that underlie therapeutic action of meditation practices on psychological and cognitive attributes, thereby advancing the f

关键词： Consortium ENIGMA Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Meditation Mindfulness Neuroimaging

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The underestimation of high pressure in DFT+U simulation for the wide range cold-pressure of lanthanide metals

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Wang, Yue-Chao Liu, Bei-Lei Liu, Yu Liu, Hai-Feng Bi, Yan Gao, Xing-Yu Sheng, Jie Song, Hong-Zhou Tian, Ming-Feng Song, Hai-Feng Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100088 China School of Mathematical Sciences Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research Beijing100094 China National Key Laboratory for Shock Wave and Detonation Physics Institute of Fluid Physics CAEP Mianyang621900 China Graduate School of China Academy of Engineering Physics Beijing100088 China

Density functional theory plus U (DFT+U) is one of the most efficient first-principles methods to simulate the cold pressure properties of strongly-correlated materials. However, the applicability of DFT+U at ultra-high pressure is not sufficiently studied, especially in the widely-used augmented schemes [such as projector augmented wave (PAW) and linearized augmented plane wave (LAPW)]. This work has systematically investigated the performance of DFT+U in PAW and LAPW at the pressure up to several hundred GPa for the lanthanide metals, which is a typical strongly-correlated series. We found DFT+U simulation in PAW exhibits an unphysical underestimation of pressure in high-pressure region, which was not observed in conventional DFT simulation. By delicate analysis and comparison with local-orbital-independent hybrid functional results, we have demonstrated that this unphysical behavior is related to a normalization problem on the local density matrix caused by the overlap of local orbitals in PAW under high pressure. Additionally, we observed a slight underestimating of pressure in correlation correction methods in heavy lanthanides (Tm, Yb and Lu) in high-pressure region comparing with the DFT results without the influence of local orbital overlap, and it might be related to the enhancement of binding between atoms in correlation correction methods at high pressure. Our work reveals the underestimation of high pressure in DFT+U simulation, analyses two sources of this unusual behavior and proposes their mechanism. Most importantly, our investigation highlights the breakdown of DFT+U for high pressure simulation in VASP package based on PAW framework. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Spontaneous topological Hall effect induced by non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in intercalated van der Waals materials

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Takagi, H. Takagi, R. Minami, S. Nomoto, T. Ohishi, K. Suzuki, M.-T. Yanagi, Y. Hirayama, M. Khanh, N.D. Karube, K. Saito, H. Hashizume, D. Kiyanagi, R. Tokura, Y. Arita, R. Nakajima, T. Seki, S. Department of Applied Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Institute of Engineering Innovation University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Kawaguchi332-0012 Japan Wako351-0198 Japan Department of Physics University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology University of Tokyo Tokyo153-8904 Japan Tokai319-1106 Japan Center for Computational Materials Science Institute for Materials Research Tohoku University Sendai980-8577 Japan Center for Spintronics Research Network Graduate School of Engineering Science Osaka University Osaka Toyonaka560-8531 Japan Liberal Arts and Sciences Toyama Prefectural University Toyama Imizu939-0398 Japan The Institute for Solid State Physics University of Tokyo Chiba Kashiwa Japan J-PARC Center Japan Atomic Energy Agency Naka-gun Tokai319-1195 Japan Tokyo College University of Tokyo Tokyo113-8656 Japan

In ferromagnets, electric current generally induces transverse Hall voltage in proportion to magnetization (anomalous Hall effect), and it is frequently used for electrical readout of the ↑ and ↓ spin states. While these properties are usually not expected in antiferromagnets, recent theoretical studies predicted that non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order with finite scalar spin chirality (i.e. solid angle spanned by neighboring spins) can often induce large spontaneous Hall effect even without net magnetization or external magnetic field. This phenomenon, i.e. spontaneous topological Hall effect, can potentially be used for the efficient electrical readout of the antiferromagnetic states, but its experimental verification has long been elusive due to the lack of appropriate materials hosting such exotic magnetism. Here, we report the discovery of all-in-all-out type non-coplanar antiferromagnetic order in triangular lattice compounds CoM3S6 (M = Nb, Ta), by performing the detailed magnetic structure analysis based on polarized neutron scattering experiments as well as systematic first-principles calculations. These compounds are reported to host unconventionally large spontaneous Hall effect despite their vanishingly small net magnetization, and our analysis revealed that it can be well explained in terms of topological Hall effect, which originates from the fictitious magnetic field associated with scalar spin chirality in non-coplanar antiferromagnetic orders. The present results indicate that the scalar spin chirality mechanism can offer a promising route to realize giant spontaneous Hall response even in compensated antiferromagnets, and highlight intercalated van der Waals magnets as an unique quasi-two-dimensional material platform to enable various nontrivial manner of electrical reading and possible writing of non-coplanar antiferromagnetic domains. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Magnetization

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3D-Fringe Pattern Coding and Recognition Using Plasmonic Sensing Circuit

Research Square

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research Square 2021年

作者： Arumona, Arumona Edward Garhwal, Anita Youplao, Phichai Ray, Kanad Khunnam, Wanchai Yupapin, Preecha Computational Optics Research Group Advanced Institute of Materials Science Ton Duc Thang University District 7 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University District 7 Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Division of Computational Physics Institute for Computational Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City700000 Viet Nam Amity School of Engineering and Technology Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur302002 India Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Industry and Technology Rajamangala University of Technology Isan Sakon Nakhon Campus Sakon Nakhon47160 Thailand Amity School of Applied Sciences Amity University Rajasthan Jaipur302002 India Department of Physics Faculty of Science Naresuan University Pitsanulok Thailand

3D interference fringe pattern recognition using a plasmonic sensing circuit is proposed. The plasmonic sensing in the form of a panda ring comprises of an embedded gold grating at the microring center. WGM (whispering gallery mode) is observed at the microring center with suitable parameters. The dark soliton of 1.50µm wavelength excites the gold grating which leads to electron cloud oscillation and forms the electron densities where the trapped electrons inside the silicon microring are transported via wireless connection using WGM and cable connection. The spin-down |↓〉( 1〉) and spin-up ↑ ( 0〉) result from the electron cloud oscillation. By using the changes in gold lengths, the excited electron pattern recognition can be manipulated, where the values "0 and "1"' are useful for pattern recognition. The fringe patterns of the plasmonic interferometric sensor are recorded, which means that the novel 3D pattern recognition can be possibly implemented and used in many applications. Therefore, the plasmonic sensing circuit can be used to form the quantum code, quantum encryption, quantum sensor, and pattern recognition. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Timing circuits

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Retraction notice to "Molecular dynamic simulation of Argon boiling flow inside smooth and rough microchannels by considering the effects of cubic barriers" [J. Mol. Liq. 312 (2020) 113130] (Journal of Molecular Liquids (2020) 312, (S0167732220314653), (10.1016/***.2020.113130))

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 427卷

作者： Rostami, Sara Zarringhalam, Majid Alizadeh, As'ad Toghraie, Davood Goldanlou, Aysan Shahsavar Laboratory of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials Advanced Institute of Materials Science Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Department of Mechanical Engineering South Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering Urmia University of Technology Urmia Iran Department of Mechanical Engineering College of Engineering University of Zakho Zakho Iraq Department of Mechanical Engineering Khomeinishahr Branch Islamic Azad University Khomeinishahr Iran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam Faculty of Electrical – Electronic Engineering Duy Tan University Da Nang550000 Viet Nam

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (https://***/about/policies/article-withdrawal). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. Post-publication, the editor discovered suspicious changes in authorship between the original submission and the revised version of this paper. The paper was originally submitted by Majid Zarringhalam (Original First Author), Davood Toghraie (Original Corresponding Author) and one other author. During revision one author was removed. The authors Sara Rostami (New First and Corresponding Author), As'ad Alizadeh and Aysan Shahsavar Goldanlou were added to the revised paper without explanation and without the exceptional approval by the journal editor, which is contrary to the journal policy on changes to authorship. The editor reached out to the authors for an explanation, but they failed to provide a satisfactory explanation to these changes. Post-publication, an investigation conducted on behalf of the journal by Elsevier's research Integrity & Publishing Ethics team also discovered that acceptance of this article was partly based upon the positive advice of a reviewer who was closely linked to two of the authors Davood Toghraie and Sara Rostami. This compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. The acceptance of this article was also based on information from a reviewer report that was submitted from an email account that does not appear to be associated with a legitimate researcher account. This also compromised the editorial process and breached the journal's policies. Overall, the editor has determined that the authorship and the findings of the article cannot be relied upon, and has decided to retract the article. The authors disagree with the retraction of the article and dispute the grounds for it. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

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