检索结果-内蒙古大学图书馆

arXiv 2020年

作者： Zhang, Zhen Zhang, Dong-Bo Onga, Kotaro Hasegawa, Akira Ohta, Kenji Hirose, Kei Wentzcovitch, Renata M. Department of Applied Physics and Applied Mathematics Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States College of Nuclear Science and Technology Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing100193 China Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo152-8551 Japan National Metrology Institute of Japan National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki305-8563 Japan Department of Earth and Planetary Science University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo113-0033 Japan Earth-Life Science Institute Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro Tokyo152-8550 Japan Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences Columbia University New YorkNY10027 United States Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University PalisadesNY10964 United States

Thermal conductivity (!) of mantle minerals is a fundamental property in geodynamic modeling. It controls the style of mantle convection and the time scale of the mantle and core cooling. Cubic CaSiO3 perovskite (CaPv) is the third most abundant mineral in the lower mantle (LM) (7 vol%). However, despite its importance, no theoretical or experimental estimate of CaPv's ! exists. Theoretical investigations of its properties are challenging because of its strong anharmonicity. Experimental measurements at relevant high pressures and temperatures are equally challenging. Here we present ab initio results for CaPv's ! obtained using an established phonon quasiparticle approach that can address its strong anharmonicity. We also offer experimental measurements of !. Predictions and measurements are in good agreement and reveal a surprisingly large ! for cubic CaPv. Despite its relatively low abundance, CaPv's ! might increase the lower mantle ! by approximately 10%, if accounted for. ! of mantle regions enriched in crust material will be more strongly impacted. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Perovskite

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Retraction notice to “g-C 3 N 4 nanosheet adorned with Ag 3 BiO 3 as a perovskite: An effective photocatalyst for efficient visible-light photocatalytic processes” [Mater. Sci. Semicond. Process. 125 (2021) 105651]

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Materials science in Semiconductor Processing 2022年 138卷

作者： Van-Huy Nguyen Mitra Mousavi Jahan B. Ghasemi Quyet Van Le Seyed Ali Delbari Abbas Sabahi Namini Mehdi Shahedi Asl Mohammadreza Shokouhimehr Ho Won Jang Mohsen Mohammadi Department for Management of Science and Technology Development Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Faculty of Applied Sciences Ton Duc Thang University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam School of Chemistry University College of Science University of Tehran P.O. Box 14155-6455 Tehran Iran Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University Da Nang 550000 Viet Nam Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea Department of Engineering Sciences Faculty of Advanced Technologies University of Mohaghegh Ardabili Namin Iran Department of Engineering Sciences Faculty of Advanced Technologies Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT) Namin Iran Marine Additive Manufacturing Centre of Excellence (MAMCE) University of New Brunswick Fredericton NB E3B 5A1 Canada

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal ( https://***/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal ). This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief as the validity of the results from Figure 3b,c and 5b cannot be guaranteed. The spectral noise from Figure 3b,c appears similar to the noise of spectra from other papers published by the authors: Figure 3b,c of the article published by the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry 406 (2021) 113023 https://***/10.1016/***.2020.113023 , Fig. 3b and c of the article published by the Journal of Colloid and Interface science 587 (2021) 538–549 https://***/10.1016/***.2020.11.011 and Fig. 5b and c of the article published by Separation and Purification technology article-in-press (2021) 118511 https://***/10.1016/***.2021.118511 . Also, the graphs from Figure 5b appear similar to graphs from Figure 9c of the article that Soheila Asadzadeh-Khaneghah, Aziz Habibi-Yangjeh and Davod Seifzadeh have previously published in the Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers 87 (2018) 98–111 https://***/10.1016/***.2018.03.017 , despite the fact that they purportedly described distinct materials. One of the conditions for submitting a paper for publication is that authors declare explicitly that their work is original and has not appeared in any publication elsewhere. As such this article represents a severe abuse of the scientific publishing system. The scientific community takes a very strong view on this matter and apologies are offered to readers of the journal that this was not detected during the submission process.

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On viscosity solutions of space-fractional diffusion equations of Caputo type

arXiv

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arXiv 2019年

作者： Namba, Tokinaga Rybka, Piotr Mathematical Science & Technology Research Laboratory Advanced Technology Research Laboratories Research & Development Nippon Steel Corporation 20-1 Shintomi Futtsu Chiba293-8511 Japan Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Warsaw University ul. Banacha 2 Warsaw02-097 Poland

We study a fractional diffusion problem in the divergence form in one space dimension. We define a notion of the viscosity solution. We prove existence of viscosity solutions to the fractional diffusion problem with the Dirichlet boundary values by Perron’s method. Their uniqueness follows from a proper maximum principle. We also show a stability result and basic regularity of solutions. Copyright © 2019, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Viscosity

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Proton reconstruction with the TOTEM Roman pot detectors for high-β∗ LHC data

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Journal of Instrumentation 2025年第4期20卷 P04012-P04012页

作者： Hayrapetyan, A. Tumasyan, A. Adam, W. Andrejkovic, J.W. Benato, L. Bergauer, T. Chatterjee, S. Damanakis, K. Dragicevic, M. Hussain, P.S. Jeitler, M. Krammer, N. Li, A. Liko, D. Mikulec, I. Schieck, J. Schöfbeck, R. Schwarz, D. Sonawane, M. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C.-E. Janssen, T. Van Laer, T. Van Mechelen, P. Breugelmans, N. D'Hondt, J. Dansana, S. De Moor, A. Delcourt, M. Heyen, F. Lowette, S. Makarenko, I. Müller, D. Tavernier, S. Tytgat, M. Van Onsem, G.P. Van Putte, S. Vannerom, D. Bilin, B. Clerbaux, B. Das, A.K. De Bruyn, I. De Lentdecker, G. Evard, H. Favart, L. Gianneios, P. Jaramillo, J. Khalilzadeh, A. Khan, F.A. Lee, K. Malara, A. Paredes, S. Shahzad, M.A. Thomas, L. Vanden Bemden, M. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. De Coen, M. Dobur, D. Gokbulut, G. Hong, Y. Knolle, J. Lambrecht, L. Marckx, D. Mota Amarilo, K. Skovpen, K. Van Den Bossche, N. van der Linden, J. Wezenbeek, L. Benecke, A. Bethani, A. Bruno, G. Caputo, C. De Favereau De Jeneret, J. Delaere, C. Donertas, I.S. Giammanco, A. Guzel, A.O. Jain, Sa Lemaitre, V. Lidrych, J. Mastrapasqua, P. Tran, T.T. Alves, G.A. Coelho, E. Correia Silva, G. Hensel, C. Menezes De Oliveira, T. Mora Herrera, C. Rebello Teles, P. Soeiro, M. Vilela Pereira, A. Aldá, W.L. Barroso Ferreira Filho, M. Brandao Malbouisson, H. Carvalho, W. Chinellato, J. Da Costa, E.M. Da Silveira, G.G. De Jesus Damiao, D. Fonseca De Souza, S. Gomes De Souza, R. Laux Kuhn, T. Macedo, M. Martins, J. Mundim, L. Nogima, H. Pinheiro, J.P. Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Yerevan State University Yerevan Armenia TU Wien Vienna Austria Ghent University Ghent Belgium Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro Brazil Universidade Estadual de Campinas Campinas Brazil Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul Porto Alegre Brazil University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China China Center of Advanced Science and Technology Beijing China Texas A & M University at Qatar Doha Qatar China Spallation Neutron Source Guangdong China Imperial College London United Kingdom University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Northeastern University BostonMA United States CERN Switzerland Zewail City of Science and Technology Zewail Egypt British University in Egypt Cairo Egypt Institute of Nuclear Physics The Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Tashkent Uzbekistan Purdue University West LafayetteIN United States Université de Haute Alsace Mulhouse France Istinye University Istanbul Turkey Tbilisi State University Tbilisi Georgia The University of the State of Amazonas Manaus Brazil University of Hamburg Hamburg Germany RWTH Aachen University III. Physikalisches Institut A Aachen Germany Wuppertal Germany Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus Germany Forschungszentrum Jülich Juelich Germany CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research Geneva Switzerland HUN-REN ATOMKI - Institute of Nuclear Research Debrecen Hungary Bucharest Romania MTA-ELTE Lendület CMS Particle and Nuclear Physics Group Eötvös Loránd University Budapest Hungary HUN-REN Wigner Research Centre for Physics Budapest Hungary Physics Department Faculty of Science Assiut University Assiut Egypt Punjab Agricultural University Ludhiana India University of Visva-Bharati Santiniketan India Bangalore India Amity University Uttar Pradesh Noida India IIT Bhubaneswar Bhubaneswar India Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar India University of Hyderabad Hyderabad India Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron Hamburg Germany Isfa

The TOTEM Roman pot detectors are used to reconstruct the transverse momentum of scattered protons and to estimate the transverse location of the primary interaction. This paper presents new methods of track reconstruction, measurements of strip-level detection efficiencies, cross-checks of the LHC beam optics, and detector alignment techniques, along with their application in the selection of signal collision events. The track reconstruction is performed by exploiting hit cluster information through a novel method using a common polygonal area in the intercept-slope plane. The technique is applied in the relative alignment of detector layers with μm precision. A tag-and-probe method is used to extract strip-level detection efficiencies. The alignment of the Roman pot system is performed through time-dependent adjustments, resulting in a position accuracy of 3 μm in the horizontal and 60 μm in the vertical directions. The goal is to provide an optimal reconstruction tool for central exclusive physics analyses based on the high-β∗ data-taking period at √s = 13 TeV in 2018. © 2025 CERN. Published by IOP Publishing Ltd on behalf of Sissa Medialab.

关键词： calibration and fitting methods cluster finding Pattern recognition Performance of High Energy Physics Detectors

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Topology and Kinetic Pathways of Colloidosome Assembly and Disassembly

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Adkins, Raymond Robaszewski, Joanna Shin, Seungwoo Brauns, Fridtjof Jia, Leroy Khanra, Ayantika Sharma, Prerna Pelcovits, Robert Powers, Thomas R. Dogic, Zvonimir Department of Physics University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Molecular Biophysics and Biochemistry Yale University New HavenCT06510 United States Environmental Laboratory US Army Engineer Research and Development Center ConcordMA01742 United States Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa Barbara Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Applied and Computational Mathematics Division National Institute of Standards and Technology GaithersburgMD20899 United States Department of Physics Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Department of Bioengineering Indian Institute of Science Bangalore560012 India Department of Physics Brown University ProvidenceRI02906 United States School of Engineering Brown University ProvidenceRI02906 United States

Liquid shells, such as lipid vesicles and soap bubbles, are ubiquitous throughout biology, engineered matter, and everyday life. Their creation and disintegration are defined by a singularity that separates a topologically distinct extended liquid film from a boundary-free closed shell. Such topology-changing processes are essential for cellular transport and drug delivery. However, their studies are challenging because of the rapid dynamics and small length scale of conventional lipid vesicles. We develop fluid colloidosomes, micron-sized analogs of lipid vesicles. We study their stability close to their disk-to-sphere topological transition. Intrinsic colloidal length and time scales slow down the dynamics to reveal vesicle conformations in real time during their assembly and disassembly. Remarkably, the lowest-energy pathway by which a closed vesicle transforms into a disk involves a topologically distinct cylinder-like intermediate. These results reveal universal aspects of topological changes in all liquid shells and a robust platform for the encapsulation, transport, and delivery of nanosized cargoes. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Controlled drug delivery

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Possible Dirac quantum spin liquid in the kagome quantum antiferromagnet YCu3(OH)6Br2[Brx(OH)1-x]

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Zeng, Zhenyuan Ma, Xiaoyan Wu, Si Li, Hai-Feng Tao, Zhen Lu, Xingye Chen, Xiao-Hui Mi, Jin-Xiao Song, Shi-Jie Cao, Guang-Han Che, Guangwei Li, Kuo Li, Gang Luo, Huiqian Meng, Zi Yang Li, Shiliang Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Institute of Applied Physics and Materials Engineering University of Macau Avenida da Universidade Macao SAR Taipa999078 China Center for Advanced Quantum Studies Department of Physics Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China Department of Materials Science and Engineering College of Materials Xiamen University Xiamen361005 China Department of Physics Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Quantum Technology and Devices Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Lab of Silicon Materials Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Collaborative Innovation Centre of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Center for High Pressure Science and Technology Advanced Research 10 Xibeiwang East Road Haidian Beijing 100094 China Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory Guangdong Dongguan523808 China Department of Physics HKU-UCAS Joint Institute of Theoretical and Computational Physics The University of Hong Kong Pokfulam Road Hong Kong

We studied the magnetic properties of YCu3(OH)6Br2[Br1-x(OH)x] (x = 0.33), where Cu2+ions form two-dimensional kagome layers. There is no magnetic order down to 50 mK while the CurieWeiss temperature is on the order of -100 K. At zero magnetic field, the low-temperature specific heat shows a T2dependence. Above 2 T, a linear temperature dependence term in specific heat emerges, and the value of γ = C/T increases linearly with the field. Furthermore, the magnetic susceptibility tends to a constant value at T = 0. Our results suggest that the magnetic ground state of YCu3(OH)6Br2[Br1-x(OH)x] is consistent with a Dirac quantum-spin-liquid state with a linearly dispersing spinon strongly coupled to an emergent gauge field, which has long been theoretically proposed as a candidate ground state in the two-dimensional kagome Heisenberg antiferromagnetic system. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Temperature distribution

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Effect of Feature Shape and Dimension of a Confinement Geometry on Selectivity of Electrocatalytic CO2Reduction

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第1期136卷

作者： Yesol Kim Dr. Geun-Tae Yun Minki Kim Aqil Jamal Dr. Issam Gereige Prof. Dr. Joel W. Ager Dr. Woo-Bin Jung Prof. Hee-Tae Jung KAIST-UCB-VNU Global Climate Change Research Center Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering (BK-21 plus) Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea Materials and Chemical Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94720 USA Research and Development Center Saudi Aramco Dhahran 31311 Saudi Arabia Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA KAIST Institute for Nanocentury 291 Daehak-ro Yuseong-gu Daejeon 34141 Republic of Korea

The local confinement effect, which can generate a high concentration of hydroxide ions and reaction intermediates near the catalyst surface, is an important strategy for converting CO 2 into multi-carbon products in electrocatalytic CO 2 reduction. Therefore, understanding how the shape and dimension of the confinement geometry affect the product selectivity is crucial. In this study, we report for the first time the effect of the shape (degree of confinement) and dimension of the confined space on the product selectivity without changing the intrinsic property of Cu. We demonstrate that geometry influences the outcomes of products, such as CH 4 , C 2 H 4 , and EtOH, in different ways: the selectivity of CH 4 and EtOH is affected by shape, while the selectivity of C 2 H 4 is influenced by dimension of geometry predominantly. These phenomena are demonstrated, both experimentally and through simulation, to be induced by the local confinement effect within the confined structure. Our geometry model could serve as basis for designing the confined structures tailored for the production of specific products.

关键词： CO2 Reduction Cu Catalyst Electrocatalysis Local Confinement Selectivity

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Low-energy interference structure with attosecond temporal resolution

arXiv

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arXiv 2020年

作者： Song, Xiaohong Jia, Wenbin Liu, Xiwang Zhang, Hongdan Xue, Qibing Lin, Cheng Quan, Wei Chen, Jing Liu, XiaoJun Yang, Weifeng Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics Department of Physics College of Science Shantou University Guangdong Shantou515063 China Department of Mathematics College of Science Shantou University Guangdong Shantou515063 China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of MOE Shantou University Guangdong Shantou515063 China State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan430071 China HEDPS Center for Applied Physics and Technology Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA Peking University Beijing100084 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics P. O. Box 8009 Beijing100088 China

Accessing precisely to the phase variation of electronic wave-packet (EWP) provides unprecedented spatiotemporal information of microworld. A radial interference pattern at near-zero energy has been widely observed in experiments of strong-field photoionization. However, the underlying physical picture of this interference pattern is still under debate. Here we report an experimental and theoretical investigation of this low-energy interference structure (LEIS) in mid-infrared laser fields. We clarify that the LEIS arises due to the soft-recollision mechanism, which was previously found to play a pivotal role in producing the pronounced low-energy structure. Specifically, the LEIS is induced by the interference between direct and soft-recollision EWPs launched within a 1/18 laser-cycle time scale in our experiments. Moreover, the observation of LEIS is independent of laser wavelength and specific atomic targets. Our result opens a promising new avenue for retrieving the structure and dynamics of EWPs in atoms and molecules with attosecond time resolution. Copyright © 2020, The Authors. All rights reserved.

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Global, regional, and national age-sex-specific burden of diarrhoeal diseases, their risk factors, and aetiologies, 1990-2021, for 204 countries and territories: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

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LANCET INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2025年第5期25卷 519-536页

作者： Kyu, Hmwe Hmwe Vongpradith, Avina Dominguez, Regina-Mae Villanueva Ma, Jianing Albertson, Samuel B. Novotney, Amanda Khalil, Ibrahim A. Troeger, Christopher E. Doxey, Matthew C. Ledesma, Jorge R. Sirota, Sarah Brooke Bender, Rose Grace Swetschinski, Lucien R. Cunningham, Matthew Spearman, Sandra Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abd Al Magied, Abdallah H. A. Abd ElHafeez, Samar Abdoun, Meriem Abera, Bayeh Abidi, Hassan Aboagye, Richard Gyan Abtew, Yonas Derso Abualruz, Hasan Abu-Gharbieh, Eman Abukhadijah, Hana J. Aburuz, Salahdein Addo, Isaac Yeboah Adekanmbi, Victor Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun Oluwaseun Adeyeoluwa, Temitayo Esther Adhikary, Ripon Kumar Adnani, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adra, Saryia Adzigbli, Leticia Akua Afolabi, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afzal, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Agampodi, Suneth Buddhika Agide, Feleke Doyore Ahinkorah, Bright Opoku Ahmad, Aqeel Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmed, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Saeed Akinosoglou, Karolina Akter, Ema Al Awaidy, Salah Alajlani, Muaaz M. Alam, Khurshid Albakri, Almaza Albashtawy, Mohammed Aldhaleei, Wafa A. Algammal, Abdelazeem M. Al-Gheethi, Adel Ali Saeed Ali, Abid Syed Shujait Ali Ali, Waad Alif, Sheikh Mohammad Aljunid, Syed Mohamed Al-Marwani, Sabah Almazan, Joseph Uy Al-Mekhlafi, Hesham M. Almustanyir, Sami Alqahatni, Saleh A. Alrawashdeh, Ahmad Al-Rifai, Rami H. Alsabri, Mohammed A. Altaf, Awais Altirkawi, Khalid A. Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk, Nelson J. Alyahya, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Al-Zyoud, Walid A. Amugsi, Dickson A. Andrei, Catalina Liliana Antoni, Sebastien Anuoluwa, Boluwatife Stephen Anuoluwa, Iyadunni Adesola Anwari, Saleha Anwar Palwasha Apostol, Geminn Louis Carace Arabloo, Jalal Arafat, Mosab Aravkin, Aleksandr Y. Areda, Demelash Aregawi, Brhane Berhe Aremu, Abdulfatai Arndt, Michael Benjamin Asgedom, Akeza Awealom Ashraf, Tahira Athari, Seyyed Shamsadin Atreya, Alok Ayele, Firayad Azadi, Davood Azhar, Gulrez Shah Aziz, Shahkaar Azzam, Ahmed Y. Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Taghanaki, Pegah Bahrami Bahramian, Saeed Balakrishna Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle 98195 WA United States Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation University of Washington Seattle WA United States Department of Health Metrics Sciences School of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA United States Center for Biostatistics Ohio State University Columbus OH United States Department of Global Health University of Washington Seattle WA United States Urban Indian Health Institute Seattle Indian Health Board Seattle WA United States School of Medicine Yale University New Haven CT United States Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement Aleta Wondo General Hospital Aleta Wondo Ethiopia College of Pharmacy Ajman University Ajman United Arab Emirates Department of Epidemiology Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Department of Medicine University of Sétif Algeria Sétif Algeria Department of Health Sétif Algeria Department of Medical Microbiology Bahir Dar University Bahir Dar Ethiopia Department of Biology Ghent University Ghent Belgium Laboratory Technology Sciences Department Yasuj University of Medical Sciences Yasuj Iran Department of Family and Community Health University of Health and Allied Sciences Ho Ghana Department of Biomedical Science Arba Minch University Arba Minch Ethiopia Department of Nursing Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan Amman Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Clinical Sciences Sharjah United Arab Emirates Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Medical Research Center-Academic Health System Hamad Medical Corporation Doha Qatar College of Pharmacy University of Jordan Amman Jordan Department of Therapeutics United Arab Emirates University Al Ain United Arab Emirates School of Medicine University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia Centre for Social Research in Health University of New South Wales Syd

Background Diarrhoeal diseases claim more than 1 million lives annually and are a leading cause of death in children younger than 5 years. Comprehensive global estimates of the diarrhoeal disease burden for specific age groups of children younger than 5 years are scarce, and the burden in children older than 5 years and in adults is also understudied. We used results from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 to assess the burden of, and trends in, diarrhoeal diseases overall and attributable to 13 pathogens, as well as the contributions of associated risk factors, in children and adults in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling strategy to analyse vital registration data, verbal autopsy data, mortality surveillance data, and minimally invasive tissue sampling data. We used DisMod-MR (version 2.1), a Bayesian meta-regression tool, to analyse incidence and prevalence data identified via systematic reviews, population-based surveys, and claims and inpatient data. We calculated diarrhoeal disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) as the sum of years of life lost (YLLs) and years lived with disability (YLDs) for each location, year, and age-sex group. For aetiology estimation, we used a counterfactual approach to quantify population-attributable fractions (PAFs). Additionally, we estimated the diarrhoeal disease burden attributable to the independent effects of risk factors using the comparative risk assessment framework. Findings In 2021, diarrhoeal diseases caused an estimated 1.17 million (95% uncertainty interval 0.793-1.62) deaths globally, representing a 60.3% (50.6-69.0) decrease since 1990 (2.93 million [2.31-3.73] deaths). The most pronounced decline was in children younger than 5 years, with a 79.2% (72.4-84.6) decrease in diarrhoeal deaths. Global YLLs also decreased substantially, from 186 million (147-221) in 1990 to 51.4 million (39.9-65.9) in 2021. In 2021, an esti

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Radial Spin Texture in Elemental Tellurium with Chiral Crystal Structure

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Physical Review Letters 2020年第13期124卷 136404-136404页

作者： M. Sakano M. Hirayama T. Takahashi S. Akebi M. Nakayama K. Kuroda K. Taguchi T. Yoshikawa K. Miyamoto T. Okuda K. Ono H. Kumigashira T. Ideue Y. Iwasa N. Mitsuishi K. Ishizaka S. Shin T. Miyake S. Murakami T. Sasagawa Takeshi Kondo Institute for Solid State Physics (ISSP) The University of Tokyo Kashiwa 277-8581 Japan Quantum-Phase Electronics Center (QPEC) and Department of Applied Physics The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-8656 Japan Department of Physics Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan Tokodai Institute for Element Strategy (TIES) Tokyo Institute of Technology Meguro-ku Tokyo 152-8551 Japan RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS) Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan Materials and Structures Laboratory (MSL) Tokyo Institute of Technology Yokohama Kanagawa 226-8503 Japan Graduate School of Science Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan Hiroshima Synchrotron Radiation Center (HiSOR) Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima Hiroshima 739-0046 Japan Institute of Materials Structure Science High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-0801 Japan Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials (IMRAM) Tohoku University Sendai 980-8577 Japan Research Center for Computational Design of Advanced Functional Materials (CD-FMat) AIST Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8568 Japan AIST-UTokyo Advanced Operando-Measurement Technology Open Innovation Laboratory (OPERANDO-OIL) Kashiwa Chiba 277-8581 Japan Trans-scale Quantum Science Institute The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 113-0033 Japan

The chiral crystal is characterized by a lack of mirror symmetry and inversion center, resulting in the inequivalent right- and left-handed structures. In the noncentrosymmetric crystal structure, the spin and momentum of electrons are expected to be locked in the reciprocal space with the help of the spin-orbit interaction. To reveal the spin textures of chiral crystals, we investigate the spin and electronic structure in a p-type semiconductor, elemental tellurium, with the simplest chiral structure by using spin- and angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. Our data demonstrate that the highest valence band crossing the Fermi level has a spin component parallel to the electron momentum around the Brillouin zone corners. Significantly, we have also confirmed that the spin polarization is reversed in the crystal with the opposite chirality. The results indicate that the spin textures of the right- and left-handed chiral crystals are hedgehoglike, leading to unconventional magnetoelectric effects and nonreciprocal phenomena.

关键词： Spin-orbit coupling Elemental semiconductors Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy Spin-resolved photoemission spectroscopy

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