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arXiv 2025年

作者： Park, Hyeon Woo Zhang, Shu Meisenheimer, Peter Ramesh, Maya Husain, Sajid Harris, Isaac Íñiguez-González, Jorge Yao, Zhi Ramesh, Ramamoorthy Kim, Se Kwon Department of Physics Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology Daejeon34141 Korea Republic of Institute for Theoretical Solid State Physics IFW Dresden Helmholtzstrasse 20 Dresden01069 Germany Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Materials Science and Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14853 United States Materials Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Department of Physics University of California BerkeleyCA94720 United States Esch-sur-Alzette Luxembourg Department of Physics and Materials Science University of Luxembourg Belvaux Esch-sur-Alzette1511 Luxembourg Applied Mathematics and Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyCA94720 United States Departments of Physics and Astronomy and Materials Science and Nano Engineering Rice Advanced Materials Institute Rice University HoustonTX77005 United States

Multiferroic materials, characterized by the occurrence of two or more ferroic properties, hold potential in future technological applications and also exhibit intriguing phenomena caused by the interplay of multiple orders. One such example is the formation of spin cycloid structures within multiferroic materials, which we investigate in this work by focusing on their magnon excitations and transport based on a general multiferroic Hamiltonian with an antiferromagnetic order. More specifically, we identify the ground state and explore the dynamics of magnon modes, revealing distinct in-plane and out-of-plane modes with anisotropic dispersion relations. The magnon modes include a massless excitation, known as the Goldstone boson, originating from the spontaneous breaking of the translational symmetry by the formation of the cycloid structures. By employing the Boltzmann transport formalism, the magnonic thermal conductivity with spin cycloids and low-temperature anisotropic behaviors is discussed. This work provides pathways to envision the spin-textured multiferroics, which may serve as a fertile ground to look for novel thermal and spin transport with the rich interplay of quasiparticles such as magnons and phonons. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Anisotropy

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Multi-phase-field simulation of austenite peritectic solidification based on a ferrite grain

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 572-577页

作者： Chao Yang Jing Wang Junsheng Wang Yu Liu Guomin Han Haifeng Song Houbing Huang School of Materials Science and Engineering Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Advanced Research Institute of Multidisciplinary Science Beijing Institute of TechnologyBeijing 100081China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational MathematicsBeijing 100088China Software Center for High Performance Numerical Simulation China Academy of Engineering PhysicsBeijing 100088China

A multi-phase-field model is implemented to investigate the peritectic solidification of Fe-C alloy. The nucleation mode of austenite is based on the local driving force, and two different thicknesses of the primary austenite on the surface of the ferrite equiaxed crystal grain are used as the initial conditions. The simulation shows the multiple interactions of ferrite, austenite, and liquid phases, and the effects of carbon diffusion, which presents the non-equilibrium dynamic process during Fe-C peritectic solidification at the mesoscopic scale. This work not only reveals the influence of the austenite nucleation position, but also clarifies the formation mechanism of liquid phase channels and molten pools. Therefore, the present study contributes to the understanding of the micro-morphology and micro-segregation evolution mechanisms of Fe-C alloy during peritectic solidification.

关键词： multi-phase-field simulation morphology evolution peritectic solidification carbon diffusion Fe-C alloy

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Non-invasive micro-test technology and applications

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Biophysics Reports 2025年第2期11卷 96-111页

作者： Kai Sun Yunqi Liu Yanshu Pan Dongwei Di Jianfang Li Feiyun Xu Li Li Yoshiharu Mimata Yingying Chen Lixia Xie Siqi Wang Wenqian Qi Yan Tang Huachun Sheng Bing Wang Ruixue Sun Dingquan Tan Daohong Fu Ye Yin Ao Xue Yichao Shi Wenjing Shao Lei Gong Zhijian Jiang Wei Zhang Qiangsheng Wu Yaosheng Wang Minglin Lang Wenxiu Ye Weifeng Xu Shuhe Wei Weiming Shi Yue Jeff Xu College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University Zhongguancun Xuyue NMT Industrial Alliance NMT International Alliance College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing University of Chinese Medicine State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil Science Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Biological Science China Agricultural University Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Resources and Environment Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in Crop Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Agricultural Sciences at Weifang Guangxi Forestry Research Institute Institute of Wetland Agriculture and Ecology Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science Key Laboratory of Wastewater Treatment Technology of Liaoning Province Academy of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Shenyang Ligong University Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry CAS Institute of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu University Molecular Genetics Key Laboratory of China Tobacco Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science College of Agriculture and Forestry Hebei North University Smart Health Institute Chongqing Vocational College of Media Institute of Biology Humboldt University of Berlin College of Horticulture Qingdao Agricultural University College of Pharmacy Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine Department of Gastroenterology Aerospace Center Hospital Peking University Aerospace School of Clinical Medicine CAS Center for Excellence in Biotic Interactions College of Life Science University of Chinese Academy of Sciences State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystems School of Life Sciences College of Horticulture and Garden

Non-invasive micro-test technology（NMT） reveals dynamic ionic/molecular concentration gradients by measuring fluxes of ions and small molecules in liquid media in 1D, 2D or 3D fashions with sensitivity up to pico-(10-12) or femto-(10-15) moles per cm2per second. NMT has been applied to study metabolism, signal transduction, genes and/or proteins physiological functions related to transmembrane ionic/molecular activities with live samples under normal conditions or stress. Data on ion and/or molecule homeostasis（IMH） by NMT in biomedical sciences, plant and crop sciences, environmental sciences, marine and space biology as well as traditional Chinese medicine are reviewed.

关键词： Non-invasive micro-test technology Transmembrane transport Ionic homeostasis H+-ATPase Calcium signature Physiology

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A simple and efficient liposome-based biosensor for visual monitoring of Cu²⁺-bipyridine complex formation

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Microchemical Journal 2025年 214卷

作者： Tran, Vy Anh Vo, Thu Thao Thi Lee, Sang-Wha Phan, Thien-Vy Le, Van Thuan Department of Material Science Institute of Applied Technology and Sustainable Development Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam Department of Food Science and Biotechnology Gachon University 1342 Seongnamdaero Sujeong-gu Seongnam-si 13120 Cuba Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Gachon University Seongnam-si 1342 Gyeonggi-do 461-701 Cuba Faculty of Pharmacy Nguyen Tat Thanh University Ho Chi Minh City 700000 Viet Nam Center for Advanced Chemistry Institute of Research and Development Duy Tan University 03 Quang Trung Da Nang 550000 Viet Nam

This study presents the development of a novel liposome-based colorimetric sensor designed for the detection of 2,2′-bipyridine (BP) and its interaction with Cu2+ ions, resulting in the formation of a dark red comple... 详细信息

This study presents the development of a novel liposome-based colorimetric sensor designed for the detection of 2,2′-bipyridine (BP) and its interaction with Cu2⁺ ions, resulting in the formation of a dark red complex visible to the naked eye. The liposomes encapsulate BP, which is released under controlled conditions. The effects of environmental factors, such as temperature, pH fluctuations, and Triton X100-induced membrane disruption, on the release dynamics are systematically analyzed. The study employs UV–vis spectroscopy to monitor the release kinetics and elucidate the mechanisms of liposome destabilization and BP-Cu2⁺ complex formation. The optimized conditions for Triton X100 and Cu2⁺ concentrations enhance the sensor's sensitivity, making it highly efficient for real-time detection. This sensor, which outperforms traditional cysteine-mediated AuNP aggregation and ligand-receptor systems, offers significant advantages in terms of simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and portability. It holds great potential for applications in environmental monitoring and medical diagnostics, providing a versatile and efficient platform for visual detection in field-deployable diagnostic tools. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： 2,2′-Bipyridine Colorimetric detection Cu2+ interaction Liposome-based sensor Triton X100 disruption

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Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles: Synthesis, structure, and application in sensing

ChemPhysMater

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ChemPhysMater 2025年

作者： Nene, Ajinkya Antarnusa, Ganesha Dulta, Kanika Sadeghzade, Sorour Wang, Liwen Ravikumar, Chandan Hunsur Aman, Junaid Khongthaw, Banlambhabok Kandwal, Abhishek Somani, Prakash Kumar, Ashish Ramachandran, Krishnamoorthy Subramaniam, Vadivel Galluzzi, Massimiliano Dou, Shixue Liu, Xinghui Laboratory of Inflammation and Vaccines Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen 518055 China Department of Physics Education Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa Serang 42122 Indonesia Faculty of Materials Science and Technology VSB -Technical University of Ostrava Ostrava 70800 Czech Republic School of Applied and Life Sciences Uttaranchal University Dehradun 248007 India School of Engineering Westlake University Hangzhou 310023 China School of Materials and Chemical Engineering Hubei University of Technology Wuhan 430068 China Centre for Nano and Material Sciences Jain (deemed-to-be-University) Jain Global Campus Bangalore 562112 India Faculty of Applied Sciences and Biotechnology Shoolini University Solan 173229 India School of CHIPS Xi'an Jiaotong-Liverpool University Suzhou 215400 China Center for Grand Challenges and Green Technologies Applied Science Innovations Pvt. Ltd. Pune 411041 India Division of Research and Development Lovely Professional University Phagwara 144401 India Department of Physics Faculty of Engineering and Technology SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai 600026 India Department of Physics Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS) Chennai 602105 India Institute of Energy Materials Science University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Science and Technology on Aerospace Chemical Power Laboratory Laboratory of Emergency Safety and Rescue Technology Hubei Institute of Aerospace Chemotechnology Xiangyang 441003 China

Biosensors are crucial for detecting various analytes relevant to bioanalytical applications. To enhance the specificity and sensitivity of biosensors, bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) have been utilized, which demonstrate significant potential for sensing applications owing to their constituent materials’ inherent properties, small size, unique architectural features, and biomimetic behavior. Among BNPs, Au–Ag BNPs are promising for sensing applications owing to their small size, high sensitivity, and distinctive characteristics. Herein, we first briefly present the development of Au–Ag BNPs and discuss the fundamentals. Subsequently, we present the relationship between the synthesis method and structure of Au–Ag BNPs. Furthermore, recent advancements in Au–Ag BNPs are highlighted for their role in enhancing biosensors, particularly for electrode modifiers, signal amplifiers, and recognition materials. Finally, we propose several existing challenges and summarize insights pertaining to the potential development of Au–Ag BNPs for biosensing applications. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Au–Ag bimetallic nanoparticles Biosensing Electrochemistry Synthesis

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ABACUS: An Electronic Structure Analysis Package for the AI Era

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Zhou, Weiqing Zheng, Daye Liu, Qianrui Lu, Denghui Liu, Yu Lin, Peize Huang, Yike Peng, Xingliang Bao, Jie J. Cai, Chun Jin, Zuxin Wu, Jing Zhang, Haochong Jin, Gan Ji, Yuyang Shen, Zhenxiong Liu, Xiaohui Sun, Liang Cao, Yu Sun, Menglin Liu, Jianchuan Chen, Tao Liu, Renxi Li, Yuanbo Han, Haozhi Liang, Xinyuan Bao, Taoni Chen, Nuo Ren, Hongxu Zhang, Xiaoyang Liu, Zhaoqing Fu, Yiwei Liu, Maochang Li, Zhuoyuan Wen, Tongqi Tang, Zechen Xu, Yong Duan, Wenhui Wang, Xiaoyang Gu, Qiangqiang Dai, Fu-Zhi Zheng, Qijing Zhao, Jin Zhang, Yuzhi Ou, Qi Jiang, Hong Liu, Shi Xu, Ben Xu, Shenzhen Ren, Xinguo He, Lixin Zhang, Linfeng Chen, Mohan AI for Science Institute Beijing100080 China HEDPS CAPT School of Physics College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Institute of Artificial Intelligence Hefei Comprehensive National Science Center Hefei230026 China Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Supercomputing Center University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China School of Materials Science and Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China School of Electrical Engineering and Electronic Information Xihua University Chengdu610039 China Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies Peking University Beijing100871 China College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China Suzhou Academy of Xi’an Jiaotong University Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China Center for Structural Materials Department of Mechanical Engineering The University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Quantum Physics Department of Physics Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Frontier Science Center for Quantum Information Beijing China Saitama Wako351-0198 Japan Institute for Advanced Study Tsinghua University Beijing100084 China Laboratory of Computational Physics Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Fenghao East Road 2 Beijing100094 China School of Artificial Intelligence and Data Science University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China Department of Physics University of Science and

ABACUS (Atomic-orbital Based Ab-initio Computation at USTC) is an open-source software for first-principles electronic structure calculations and molecular dynamics simulations. It mainly features density functional theory (DFT) and is compatible with both plane-wave basis sets and numerical atomic orbital basis sets. ABACUS serves as a platform that facilitates the integration of various electronic structure methods, such as Kohn-Sham DFT, stochastic DFT, orbital-free DFT, and real-time time-dependent DFT, etc. In addition, with the aid of high-performance computing, ABACUS is designed to perform efficiently and provide massive amounts of first-principles data for generating general-purpose machine learning potentials, such as DPA models. Furthermore, ABACUS serves as an electronic structure platform that interfaces with several AI-assisted algorithms and packages, such as DeePKS-kit, DeePMD, DP-GEN, DeepH, DeePTB, etc. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Stochastic systems

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An adaptive response surface methodology based on active subspaces for mixed random and interval uncertainties

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Journal of Verification, Validation and Uncertainty Quantification 2019年第2期4卷 021006页

作者： Hu, Xingzhi Duan, Yanhui Wang, Ruili Liang, Xiao Chen, Jiangtao China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center Mianyang621000 China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing100094 China School of Math Shandong University of Science and Technology Qingdao266590 China

The popular use of response surface methodology (RSM) accelerates the solutions of parameter identification and response analysis issues. However, accurate RSM models subject to aleatory and epistemic uncertainties are still challenging to construct, especially for multidimensional inputs, which is widely existed in real-world problems. In this study, an adaptive interval response surface methodology (AIRSM) based on extended active subspaces is proposed for mixed random and interval uncertainties. Based on the idea of subspace dimension reduction, extended active subspaces are given for mixed uncertainties, and interval active variable representation is derived for the construction of AIRSM. A weighted response surface strategy is introduced and tested for predicting the accurate boundary. Moreover, an interval dynamic correlation index is defined, and significance check and cross validation are reformulated in active subspaces to evaluate the AIRSM. The effectiveness of AIRSM is demonstrated on two test examples: three-dimensional nonlinear function and speed reducer design. They both possess a dominant one-dimensional active subspace with small estimation error, and the accuracy of AIRSM is verified by comparing with full-dimensional Monte Carlo simulates, thus providing a potential template for tackling high-dimensional problems involving mixed aleatory and interval uncertainties. Copyright © 2019 by ASME

关键词： Uncertainty analysis

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NiO-YSZ anode composite material derived from mechano-chemical for solid oxide fuel cells application

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Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering 2025年 11卷

作者： Srisuwan, Thanakorn Puengjinda, Pramote Kaewtrakulchai, Napat Chanpee, Sirayu Jadsadajerm, Supachai Panomsuwan, Gasidit Ruttanadech, Nuttapong Wongrekdee, Sutthipoj Chollacoop, Nuwong Faungnawakij, Kajornsak Fuji, Masayoshi Eiad-ua, Apiluck College of Materials Innovation and Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Deutsche Gesellschaft für Internationale Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) Bangkok 10110 Thailand Kasetsart Agricultural and Agro-Industrial Product Improvement Institute Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Department of Chemical Engineering School of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand Department of Industrial Chemistry Faculty of Applied Science King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok Bangkok 10800 Thailand Department of Materials Engineering Faculty of Engineering Kasetsart University Bangkok 10900 Thailand Department of Engineering King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Prince of Chumphon Campus Chumphon 86000 Thailand Department of Physical and Material Sciences Faculty of Liberal Arts and Science Kasetsart University Khamphaeng Saen Campus Nakhon Pathom 73140 Thailand Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Research Team National Energy Technology Center (ENTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) Pathumthani 12120 Thailand National Nanotechnology Center (NANOTEC) National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) 111 Thailand Science Park Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Advanced Ceramic Center Nagoya Institute of Technology Tajimi 507-0033 Japan

This study investigates the effects of calcination time, milling duration, and sintering temperature on the properties of Nickel oxide and Yttria-stabilized zirconia (NiO-YSZ) anode composite materials for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) applications. NiO nanoparticles were synthesized from nickel (II) sulfate (Ni(II)SO₄), with X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirming a face-centered cubic (FCC) structure. The crystallite size (21 nm) was achieved after 8 hours of calcination, while prolonged durations caused particle agglomeration. Ball-milling for 12 hours produced comparatively fine particles with an average of 706 nm, though extended milling led to grain growth and aggregation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed nano aggregation. Sintering at 1200 °C improved the densification of the NiO-YSZ layer while increasing its porosity, which enhanced the reduction of NiO to metallic nickel (Ni). Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated lower impedance and improved electrochemical performance for cells cold-sintered at 1200 °C. These findings show the importance of optimizing processing conditions to enhance the performance of NiO-YSZ anode for SOFCs, offering valuable insights for advanced energy conversion technologies. © 2025

关键词： Cold-sintering Mechano-chemical reaction Nickel oxide Solid oxide fuel cell Yttria-stabilized zirconia

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Phase-coherence dynamics of frequency-comb emission via high-order harmonic generation in few-cycle pulse trains

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第3期32卷 205-211页

作者：梁畅通张晶晶李鹏程 Research Center for Advanced Optics and Photoelectronics Department of PhysicsCollege of ScienceShantou UniversityShantou 515063China Key Laboratory of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology of the Ministry of Education Shantou UniversityShantou 515063China Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics Beijing 100088China

Frequency-comb emission via high-order harmonic generation(HHG)provides an alternative method for the coherent vacuum ultraviolet(VUV)and extreme ultraviolet(XUV)radiation at ultrahigh repetition *** particular,the temporal and spectral features of the HHG were shown to carry profound insight into frequency-comb emission *** we present an ab initio investigation of the temporal and spectral coherence of the frequency comb emitted in HHG of He atom driven by few-cycle pulse *** find that the emission of frequency combs features a destructive and constructive coherences caused by the phase interference of HHG,leading to suppression and enhancement of frequency-comb *** results reveal intriguing and substantially different nonlinear optical response behaviors for frequency-comb emission via *** dynamical origin of frequency-comb emission is clarified by analyzing the phase coherence in HHG processes in *** results provide fresh insight into the experimental realization of selective enhancement of frequency comb in the VUV–XUV regimes.

关键词： high-order harmonic generation frequency comb time-dependent Schro¨dinger equation intense laser field systems

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Beyond the Swipe: A Review of Photocatalytic Antimicrobial Biocompatible Touchscreen technology

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applied Materials Today 2025年 44卷

作者： Etafo, Nelson Oshogwue Bamisaye, Abayomi Bamidele, Muyideen Olaitan Renteria, Ernesto Valadez Alli, Yakubu Adekunle Bakare, Omonike Christianah Semire, Olubusayo Funmilola Parga Torres, Jose Refugio Sillanpää, Mika Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science Institute of Technology Coahuila Saltillo Mexico Programa de Posgrado en Ciencia y Tecnología de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias Químicas Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Ing. J. Cardenas Valdez S/N Republica 25280 Coahuila Saltillo Mexico Department of Chemistry Faculty of Natural and Applied Science Lead City University Ibadan Nigeria Bioprocesses and Bioproducts Research Group. Food Research Department. School of Chemistry Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila Saltillo Mexico Tecnologico Nacional de Mexico/ITS Zacatecas Occidente Zacatecas Sombrerete99100 Mexico Department of Chemistry Nelson Mandela University Port Elizabeth South Africa Department of Biological Sciences Lead City University Ibadan Nigeria Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Lagos Lagos AkokaPostal Code: 100213 Nigeria Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Tamil Nadu Chennai602105 India Functional Materials Group Gulf University for Science and Technology Kuwait Mubarak Al-Abdullah32093 Kuwait Centre of Research Impact and Outcome Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology Chitkara University Punjab Rajpura140401 India Department of Civil Engineering University Centre for Research & Development Chandigarh University Gharuan Punjab Mohali India Sustainability Cluster School of Advanced Engineering UPES Bidholi Uttarakhand Dehradun248007 India

The rise of touchscreen devices revolutionized human interaction with technology, seamlessly connecting people and making operations functional. However, frequent use - especially in public settings - raises huge hygiene concerns because touchscreens have become hotspots for transmitting various pathogens. This has driven the necessity for antimicrobial solutions, bringing about the development of photocatalytic materials that use light-activated mechanisms for continuously sterilizing surfaces. This review discusses recent developments in the incorporation of antimicrobial nanomaterials onto touchscreens. Therefore, emphasizing carbon-doped zinc oxide, biocompatible Metallic Organic Frameworks (MOFs), polymer-encapsulated photocatalyst nanoparticles, and self-healing photocatalytic coatings, as an alternative to Titanium dioxide (TiO2), due to their unique potential to inactivate microorganisms in ambient or UV light without impairing optical transparency and sensitivity to the touchscreen. Further, this review covers these materials’ persistent environmental and human health impacts, addressing the safety concerns associated with prolonged exposure. A discussion on breakthroughs, case studies and ongoing challenges alike, this review will set a high bar for the inspiration of photocatalytic antimicrobial technologies in mitigation against public health risks from touchscreen contamination, thus developing safer, more hygienic devices. Giving insights into the challenges and future directions of incorporating these materials into touchscreens without compromising their optical transparency, durability, or sensitivity. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Titanium dioxide

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