Gold bumps are conventionally used for interconnection of TAB (Tape Automated Bonding), COF (Chip on Film), or COG (Chip on Glass) in the driver LSIs of liquid crystal displays for mobile devices. These bumps are gene...
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Gold bumps are conventionally used for interconnection of TAB (Tape Automated Bonding), COF (Chip on Film), or COG (Chip on Glass) in the driver LSIs of liquid crystal displays for mobile devices. These bumps are generally formed using cyanide-free gold electro-plating, since electrolytes containing cyanide tend to damage organic photoresist. However, a cyanide gold-plating bath for printed writing boards is also sometimes used to make gold bumps. This study investigated the gold sputtering influence on photoresist profiles and bump shapes after gold deposition.
Relative stabilities of nitrogen-related defects in HfOxNy have been extensively studied in terms of formation energies by using first-principles calculations. We have found that the two oxygen vacancies coupled with ...
Relative stabilities of nitrogen-related defects in HfOxNy have been extensively studied in terms of formation energies by using first-principles calculations. We have found that the two oxygen vacancies coupled with two substitutional nitrogen atoms at oxygen sites is the predominant defect in a low oxygen chemical potential (μO) with doubly positive [(NO)2(VO)2]+2 and neutral [(NO)2(VO)2]0 forms for the p-type and n-type silicon substrates, respectively. On the other hand, the negatively charged substitutional nitrogen [(NO)2]−2 predominates in a higher μO condition. A neutral defect, [(NO)2VO]0, is found to be stabilized in the midregion of μO, which indicates that the oxygen partial pressure is an important factor to control fixed charges that cause malfunction in HfOxNy-based devices. An electron counting concept is shown to be valid to predict the stable forms of the defects.
Vacancy-type defects in MOSFET structures fabricated with high-k (HfSiON) gate dielectrics were studied by monogenetic positron beams An expansion of open volumes in HfSiON fabricated on Si substrates using atomic lay...
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Ionicity has been raised as an important factor in discussing defect formation in Hf-based oxides. It has been elucidated from our first-principles calculations, that the stability of defects is dominated by Coulomb i...
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Noncovalent weak interactions play important roles in biological *** bonding and aromatic ring stacking interactions are well established weak interaction in the structure and function of proteins and nucleic ***,the ...
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Noncovalent weak interactions play important roles in biological *** bonding and aromatic ring stacking interactions are well established weak interaction in the structure and function of proteins and nucleic ***,the biological significance of a weak interaction between metal ion coordinated imidazole ring and the phenyl ring of a phenylalanine residue has been found in plastocyanin from fern *** reported the spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of the M16F mutant of a blue copper protein,
Several theories and program codes were developed for large-scale atomistic simulations with fully quantum mechanical description of electron systems. The fundamental concepts are generalized Wannier state and Krylov ...
Several theories and program codes were developed for large-scale atomistic simulations with fully quantum mechanical description of electron systems. The fundamental concepts are generalized Wannier state and Krylov subspace. Test calculations were carried out with upto 106 atoms using a standard workstation. How electronic state is described in large-scale calculation was demonstrated on Si(001)-(2×1) surface. As a practical application, cleavage fracture of silicon was simulated with 10-nm-scale samples for investigating its nanoscale mechanical behavior. Discussions are focused on the unstable (001) cleavage mode and the stable (experimentally observed) (111)-(2×1) cleavage mode. As well as elementary surface reconstruction, step formation and bending in cleavage path were observed. These results were compared with experiments, such as scanning tunneling microscope (STM).
Event ontology is a new biomedical ontology developed to annotate pathway components in a pathway database It organizes the concepts and terms of sub-pathways, pathways, biological phenomena, experimental conditions, ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9812564632
Event ontology is a new biomedical ontology developed to annotate pathway components in a pathway database It organizes the concepts and terms of sub-pathways, pathways, biological phenomena, experimental conditions, medications, and external stimuli appearing in biological pathways (e.g. signal transduction, disease-, metabolic-, molecular interaction-, genetic interaction pathways, etc.). Concepts in the Event ontology are extracted manually from scientific literature. Each term has links to external databases such as Gene Ontology, Reactome, KEGG, BioCyc, and PubMed.
A linear algebraic method named the shifted conjugate-orthogonal conjugate-gradient method is introduced for large-scale electronic structure calculation. The method gives an iterative solver algorithm of the Green’s...
A linear algebraic method named the shifted conjugate-orthogonal conjugate-gradient method is introduced for large-scale electronic structure calculation. The method gives an iterative solver algorithm of the Green’s function and the density matrix without calculating eigenstates. The problem is reduced to independent linear equations at many energy points and the calculation is actually carried out only for a single energy point. The method is robust against the round-off error and the calculation can reach the machine accuracy. With the observation of residual vectors, the accuracy can be controlled, microscopically, independently for each element of the Green’s function, and dynamically, at each step in dynamical simulations. The method is applied to both a semiconductor and a metal.
We report ab initio calculation of transport properties of a semiconducting carbon nanotube connected to aluminum metallic electrodes to analyze the effects of metallic electrode contacts on transport properties. Elec...
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A crucial step in volume rendering is the design of transfer functions that will highlight those aspects of the volume data that are of interest to the user. For many applications, Boundaries carry most of the relevan...
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