The great breakthrough in the Mobile Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a wide range of application domains but has also raised new challenges, especially for routing protocols. In fact, the IoT devices’ mobility le...
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ISBN:
(数字)9798350354232
ISBN:
(纸本)9798350354249
The great breakthrough in the Mobile Internet of Things (IoT) has led to a wide range of application domains but has also raised new challenges, especially for routing protocols. In fact, the IoT devices’ mobility leads to routes instability which increases the packet error rate. Additionally, the energy shortage of IoT devices accentuates the routing protocol problems since routing is one of the most important sources of energy whereas the IoT devices suffer from the energy shortage. In this paper, we propose FOLLOWER: Fog-based routing protocol for mobile IoT devices. FOLLOWER exploits the proximity of fog nodes to mobile IoT devices to offer a robust routing protocol that can ensure energy and time-efficient routing while handling IoT objects’ mobility. FOLLOWER divides the IoT network into clusters. Each cluster is led by a fog node. The main routing tasks are done using the fog nodes that are using the Chord protocol for efficient lookup. The performance evaluation has proved that FOLLOWER managed to save time and energy and to handle efficiently IoT nodes mobility.
The hallmark of cancer is metabolic remodelling, which offers a unique insight into the biology of the disease revealing an opportunity for gallbladder cancer identification. By conceptualising the diagnosis of gallbl...
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The hallmark of cancer is metabolic remodelling, which offers a unique insight into the biology of the disease revealing an opportunity for gallbladder cancer identification. By conceptualising the diagnosis of gallbladder cancer as a classification problem, it is possible to assess the capacity of several Machine Learning (ML) models to distinguish between gallbladder cancer patients and healthy individuals. Some of the models that are widely used in metabolomics literature include Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest (RF) classifiers, Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), and Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA). The use of these models with metabolomic data has been successful. However, whether using them for classification tasks is preferable to using other or more complicated ML models has not been explored. We investigate a novel strategy for classifying people with gallbladder cancer by applying a Graph-Convolutional Neural Network (G-CNN) model to a dataset of patients. The methodical biological model of metabolite interactions and pathways as links is the foundation for this approach. Our findings show that the G-CNN significantly outperforms the most commonly used techniques, in contrast to the RF, whose effectiveness is marginally less but still equivalent to our model. Our findings suggest that using G-CNNs in metabolomics research is promising, and the adoption of non-invasive methods of metabolomic data extraction may help identify gallbladder cancer. Our suggested method achieves an accuracy of 93.6%, a specificity of 97%, and an AUC of 99.2%.
The outstanding progress in the smart devices as well as the noticeable reduction in their cost has led to the invasion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our real lives. The multiplicity of the IoT applications and t...
The outstanding progress in the smart devices as well as the noticeable reduction in their cost has led to the invasion of the Internet of Things (IoT) in our real lives. The multiplicity of the IoT applications and the diversity and heterogeneity of the IoT devices present a real challenge in the IoT development. There is hence a need to have an intermediate layer between the physical layer including the smart devices and the application layer to facilitate the integration and the usage of the IoT devices in the IoT applications. This layer is the middleware layer. Most of the existing middleware are suitable for small-scale IoT networks including limited number of smart things. The performance of these middleware is reduced when the number of IoT devices increases. The main reason of the performance deterioration is the unsuitable middleware architecture that is unable to bear the increasing number of IoT devices. We present in this paper a distributed middleware architecture based on Chord protocol. Our architecture transforms any centralized middleware to a distributed one which improves its performance and makes it scalable. The performance evaluation have shown that our proposed approach has the ability to cope successfully with the increasing number of IoT devices and requests.
We are currently living in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) where numerous smart objects are surrounding us and reporting various information about our environment. The main challenge of these IoT devices is en...
We are currently living in the era of the Internet of Things (IoT) where numerous smart objects are surrounding us and reporting various information about our environment. The main challenge of these IoT devices is energy consumption since the lifetime of each device is tightly related to its limited battery capacity. For this reason, it is beneficial to keep the IoT nodes in sleeping mode and to wake them up only when they are required. Wake-up-based wireless sensors present nowadays a leading technology that shapes well this requirement. However, despite their important impact on extending the network lifetime, these sensors present a real obstacle for IoT routing protocols. Effectively, routing in IoT networks should be time efficient, whereas these sensors require additional time to wake up and to be prepared for data reception and forwarding. In this paper, we give a general overview of the wake-up-based sensors and detail the most important challenges facing these sensors in the scope of the routing protocols. We also survey and propose a taxonomy of the most important and recent routing protocols that have used these sensors.
Wake-up Receiver (WuRx) is one of the most trivial and effective solutions for energy-constrained networks and a promising solution for monitoring various phenomena in the sense of the Internet of Things (IoT). The mo...
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ISBN:
(数字)9783903176515
ISBN:
(纸本)9781665489928
Wake-up Receiver (WuRx) is one of the most trivial and effective solutions for energy-constrained networks and a promising solution for monitoring various phenomena in the sense of the Internet of Things (IoT). The most important and challenging issue in WuRx-based networks is the time efficient routing process in an energy efficient manner. Effectively, awaking each node needed in the routing process recursively requires a lot of time which is not suitable for time-critical applications. In this paper, we propose a novel Wake-up Receiver based routing protocol called Time Efficient WuRx-based Routing (TEW) that ensures energy optimised and time efficient routing in indoor scenarios. In our proposed approach, the network is divided into clusters at which each Fog Node manages the routes for data transmission in an asymmetric manner. When the Sink requires data from a specific set of nodes of a particular cluster, the Sink transmits a DataPts request to the corresponding Fog Node. In addition, the Fog Node sends instructions by means of a single Request (REQ) packet informing the corresponding nodes how often they should act as relays before switching to the sleeping mode. The measurement results show that our proposed approach has higher energy efficiency and achieves significant performance improvements in data delivery delay.
For each smart home, the need of energy consumption supervision is necessary, which plays an important role to ensure the highest power quality and to enhance the stability of the whole grid. The current document impl...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9781665482622
For each smart home, the need of energy consumption supervision is necessary, which plays an important role to ensure the highest power quality and to enhance the stability of the whole grid. The current document implements a smart home supply strategy based on endless resources to reduce the electricity bill and confirm the energy balance. In this context, a proposed supervision algorithm operates in eight cases to reach optimal energy flow between renewable generators, home battery and grid in a smart home concept is presented. The system is evaluated using the framework “Business Process Model and Notation” (BPMN) Camunda basing on information stored in Firebase Cloud and results are presented in order to manifest the efficiency of this control strategy.
Many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) protocols such as lot of localization protocols rely on the accuracy of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). This RSSI metric is sensitive to different factors which lead ...
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Many Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) protocols such as lot of localization protocols rely on the accuracy of the Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI). This RSSI metric is sensitive to different factors which lead to its disturbance. Other works have already proved that temperature and humidity have important impact on RSSI in outdoor environment. It is evident that temperature and humidity vary more importantly on outdoor than on indoor. In this paper, we aim to answer at this question: Does the slight modification of temperature and humidity in indoor environment have a significant impact on RSSI value? We have conducted various experiments to study this impact.
LTE broadcast is an emerging 4G technology that allows the transmission of the same content, typically MBMS streams, to multiple users located in one or many cells belonging to a common area called Multicast Broadcast...
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LTE broadcast is an emerging 4G technology that allows the transmission of the same content, typically MBMS streams, to multiple users located in one or many cells belonging to a common area called Multicast Broadcast Single-Frequency Network (MBSFN) area. This promising transmission technique allows significant bandwidth saving but faces many challenges in the joint management of unicast and multicast/broadcast transmissions, especially with the evolved MBMS (eMBMS) that allows unicast reception in the MBSFN subframes. In a recent work, an algorithm based on finding the best multicast users' grouping with respect to their channel conditions, and making resource allocations for unicast users and multicast subgroups according to a predefined fairness function has efficiently solved the problem. However, the allocation for both unicast and multicast connections was made in terms of resource blocks (RB), which does not comply with 3GPP standards. In this paper, we propose a compliant standard version of this algorithm, which considers subframes as a scheduling granularity. Our proposition significantly reduces the computation complexity from O(M 4 ) to O(M) and overcomes the drawbacks of the initial algorithm, which is clearly shown in the numerical results of our enhanced version, especially in terms of time complexity and total data rate received by all users, while keeping a comparable performance in terms of system utility.
For the 9th time the international conference “Inertial Sensors and Systems” took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, organized by the Institute of Systems Optimization (ITE) together with the German Institute of Navigatio...
For the 9th time the international conference “Inertial Sensors and Systems” took place in Karlsruhe, Germany, organized by the Institute of Systems Optimization (ITE) together with the German Institute of Navigation (DGON), cosponsored by the Royal Institute of Navigation (RIN) and by the IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society (AESS).
Combining the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Software Product Line (SPL) paradigms is an emerging research area that has gained a considerable interest in recent years. We observe that the approaches proposed...
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Combining the Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) and Software Product Line (SPL) paradigms is an emerging research area that has gained a considerable interest in recent years. We observe that the approaches proposed in the literature address mostly the variability modeling of Service Providers (SPs) (e.g., developing and composing SPs). However, handling the variability of Service Consumers (SCs) and how to interrelate the variability of SCs and SPs have not been studied. In this paper, our objective is to carry out an in-depth and rigorous study that addresses these issues. We propose a new model-based, top-down, formal and end-to-end SOA approach based on the Multiple SPLs (MSPL) paradigm. The main idea is to develop an MSPL composed of two dependent SPLs for SP and SC in order to generate customized, valid and consistent SPs and SCs. We propose that the variability of each SPL is managed by a Feature Model (FM). In order to ensure the consistency between these two SPLs and in particular between their FMs, we define the automated analysis update operator based on formal propositional logical techniques. We developed a tool that implements all the required steps of our approach and we demonstrate its efficiency in a practical case study.
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