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Grasping simulation of an underactuated finger mechanism for larm hand

International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 2010年第1期30卷 87-97页

作者： Yao, S. Wu, L. Ceccarelli, M. Carbone, G. Lu, Z. School of Automation Science and Electrical Engineering Beihang University Beijing China College of Information Engineering Central University for Nationalities Beijing China State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Technology and Systems Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University Beijing China Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics China and University of Cassino Italy LARM: Laboratory of Robotics and Mechatronics Cassino United States

In this paper, the grasp operation of an underactuated finger mechanism is simulated with the aim to characterize and analyze its performance. The design of the proposed mechanism is based on spring systems that give suitable underactuation characteristics. A CAD model is proposed and then it is used in a procedure for numerical simulation. Simulation results show suitable capability for grasping a wide range of objects in size and shape by operating the mechanism inside the finger body. The achieved grasp has been simulated as a human-like functionality with a grasp contact in each phalanx.

关键词： computer aided design

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Sharing and fusing landmark information in a team of autonomous robots

Sharing and fusing landmark information in a team of autonom...

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Multisensor, Multisource information Fusion: Architectures, Algorithms, and Applications 2009

作者： Lyons, Damian M. Robotics and Computer Vision Laboratory Department of Computer and Information Science Fordham University Bronx NY 10458 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9780819476111

A team of robots working to explore and map a space may need to share information about landmarks so as register local maps and to plan effective exploration strategies. In this paper we investigate the use of spatial histograms (spatiograms) as a common representation for exchanging landmark information between robots. Each robot can use sonar, stereo, laser and image information to identify potential landmarks. The sonar, laser and stereo information provide the spatial dimension of the spatiogram in a landmark-centered coordinate frame while video provides the image information. We call the result a terrain spatiogram. This representation can be shared between robots in a team to recognize landmarks and to fuse observations from multiple sensors or multiple platforms. We report experimental results sharing indoor and outdoor landmark information between a two different models of robot equipped with differently configured stereocameras and show that the terrain spatiogram (1) allows the robots to recognize landmarks seen only by the other with high confidence and, (2) allows multiple views of a landmark to be fused in a useful fashion. © 2009 SPIE.

关键词： Mobile robots

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Unwarping of images taken by misaligned omnicameras without camera calibration by curved quadrilateral morphing using quadratic pattern classifiers

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Optical Engineering 2009年第8期48卷

作者： Wu, Chih-Jen Tsai, Wen-Hsiang National Chiao Tung University Institute of Computer Science and Engineering Computer Vision Laboratory 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan National Chiao Tung University Department of Computer Science Computer Vision Laboratory 1001 University Road Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan Asia University Department of Information Communication Taichung 41354 Taiwan

A method for solving the problem of unwarping a distorted omni-image taken by a lateral-direction misaligned omni-camera with its optical axis incoincident with its mirror axis is proposed. The method does not conduct camera calibration and is based on a new concept of two-stage image mapping from the real-world space to the distorted image space. The first stage is conducted in the camera manufacturing process and includes the generation of a pano-mapping function for mapping the real-world space to an undistorted image taken by an omni-camera with its optical and mirror axes being coincident. The second stage is conducted in an in-field environment when the omni-camera becomes lateral-direction misaligned and includes the generation of a distortion-mapping function that maps undistorted image pixels to distorted ones and the generation of a misalignment adjustment table that combines the pano-mapping and distortion-mapping functions to map the real-world space to the distorted image space. The distortion mapping function is generated by a new technique of curved quadrilateral morphing using quadratic pattern classifiers. The misalignment adjustment table is last used to unwarp distorted images conveniently by table lookup. Experimental results using simulated and real-image data show the feasibility of the proposed method. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.

关键词： Mirrors

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Critical motion detection of nearby moving vehicles in a vision-based driver-assistance system

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IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems 2009年第1期10卷 70-82页

作者： Cherng, Shen Fang, Chiung-Yao Chen, Chia-Pei Chen, Sei-Wang Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Chengshiu University Kaohsiung 833 Taiwan Laboratory for Computer Vision and Image Processing Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering National Taiwan Normal University Taipei 116 Taiwan Chunghwa Telecom Laboratories Taoyuan 32617 Taiwan

Driving always involves risk. Various means have been proposed to reduce the risk. Critical motion detection of nearby moving vehicles is one of the important means of preventing accidents. In this paper, a computational model, which is referred to as the dynamic visual model (DVM), is proposed to detect critical motions of nearby vehicles while driving on a highway. The DVM is motivated by the human visual system and consists of three analyzers: 1) sensory analyzers, 2) perceptual analyzers, and 3) conceptual analyzers. In addition, a memory, which is called the episodic memory, is incorporated, through which a number of features of the system, including hierarchical processing, configurability, adaptive response, and selective attention, are realized. A series of experimental results with both single and multiple critical motions are demonstrated and show the feasibility of the proposed system. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Motion analysis

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Sharing landmark information using mixture of Gaussian terrain spatiograms

Sharing landmark information using mixture of Gaussian terra...

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2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Damian M. Lyons Robotics & Computer Vision Laboratory Computer and Information Science Department Fordham University Bronx NY USA

In this paper we evaluate the use of a novel spatial histogram, the terrain spatiogram, as a common representation for exchanging landmark information between robots working as a team to map an area. Individual robots use range sensors to provide the spatial dimension of the spatiogram and video for the image dimension. We have previously shown that terrain spatiograms can be shared between robots in a heterogeneous team to recognize landmarks and to fuse observations from multiple sensors or multiple platforms. A terrain spatiogram using a mixture of Gaussians (MOG) model is introduced and a corresponding normalized spatiogram similarity measure defined. Two methods to generate a MOG terrain spatiogram are presented and compared experimentally using indoor and outdoor landmark information transferred between two different models of robot equipped with differently configured stereocameras.

关键词： Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems Histograms Cognitive robotics Intelligent robots Image sensors Fuses Sensor fusion Navigation Hazards

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On the generation of feasible paths for aerial robots in environments with obstacles

On the generation of feasible paths for aerial robots in env...

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2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Douglas G. Macharet Armando A. Neto Mario F. M. Campos Computer Vision and Robotics Laboratory (Ver lab) Computer Science Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil

This paper presents a methodology based on a variation of the Rapidly-exploring Random Trees (RRTs) that generates feasible trajectories for autonomous aerial vehicles with holonomic constraints in environments with obstacles. Our approach uses Pythagorean Hodograph (PH) curves to connect vertices of the tree, which makes it possible to generate paths for which the main kinematic constraints of the vehicle are not violated. The smoothness of the acceleration profile of the vehicle is indirectly guaranteed between two vertices of the RRT tree. The proposed algorithm provides fast convergence to the final trajectory. We still utilize the properties of the RRT to avoid collisions with static obstacles of a environment. We show results for a small unmanned aerial vehicles in environments with different configurations.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles Remotely operated vehicles Space vehicles Aircraft Mobile robots Path planning Intelligent robots Trajectory USA Councils Kinematics

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Traffic control for a swarm of robots: Avoiding target congestion

Traffic control for a swarm of robots: Avoiding target conge...

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2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Leandro Soriano Marcolino Luiz Chaimowicz Vision and Robotics Laboratory (VeRLab) Computer Science Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil

One of the main problems in the navigation of robotic swarms is when several robots try to reach the same target at the same time, causing congestion situations that may compromise performance. In this paper, we propose a distributed coordination algorithm to alleviate this type of congestion. Using local sensing and communication, and controlling their actions using a probabilistic finite state machine, robots are able to coordinate themselves to avoid these situations. Simulations and real experiments were executed to study the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the algorithm allows the swarm to have a more efficient and smoother navigation and is suitable for large groups of robots.

关键词： Traffic control Robot kinematics Navigation Robot sensing systems Intelligent robots Automata Robustness Roads Collision avoidance USA Councils

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Traffic control for a swarm of robots: Avoiding group conflicts

Traffic control for a swarm of robots: Avoiding group confli...

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2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Leandro Soriano Marcolino Luiz Chaimowicz Vision and Robotics Laboratory (VeRLab) Computer Science Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil

A very common problem in the navigation of robotic swarms is when groups of robots move into opposite directions, causing congestion situations that may compromise performance. In this paper, we propose a distributed coordination algorithm to alleviate this type of congestion. By working collaboratively, and warning their teammates about a congestion risk, robots are able to coordinate themselves to avoid these situations. We executed simulations and real experiments to study the performance and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Results show that the algorithm allows the swarm to navigate in a smoother and more efficient fashion, and is suitable for large groups of robots.

关键词： Traffic control Robot kinematics Navigation Intelligent robots Robot sensing systems Collision avoidance Orbital robotics Distributed algorithms USA Councils Collaborative work

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A path planning algorithm for UAVs with limited climb angle

A path planning algorithm for UAVs with limited climb angle

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2009 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems

作者： Armando A. Neto Mario F. M. Campos Vision and Robotics Laboratory (Verlab) Computer Science Department Federal University of Minas Gerais Brazil

In this paper we present a methodology based on a variation of the spatial pythagorean hodograph curves to generate smooth feasible paths for autonomous vehicles in three-dimensional space under the restriction of limited climb angles. An fast iterative algorithm is used to calculate the curve. The generated path satisfy three main angular constraints given by the vehicle: (i) maximum curvature, (ii) maximum torsion and (iii) maximum climb (or dive). A path is considered feasible if these kinematic constraints are not violated. The smoothness vehicle's acceleration profile is indirectly guaranteed between two points. The proposed methodology is applicable to vehicles that move in three-dimensional environments, and that can be modeled by the constraints considered here. We show results for small aerial vehicle.

关键词： Path planning Unmanned aerial vehicles Remotely operated vehicles Space vehicles Mobile robots Interpolation Iterative algorithms Kinematics Acceleration Aircraft

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A framework for automating the construction of computational models

A framework for automating the construction of computational...

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Congress on Evolutionary Computation

作者： E. Hourdakis P. Trahanias Department of Computer Science University of Crete Greece Computational Vision and Robotics Laboratory Foundation for Research and Technology - Hellas Heraklion Greece

Computational modeling of natural systems can be used for interdisciplinary applications, such as the configuration of robotic systems or the validation of biological ones. Up to date there has been a little progress on suggesting a framework for automating the process of creating a computational model for biological processes. Instead researchers focus on the implementations of systems that are intended to replicate a tight set of biological behaviors. Such framework should be able to construct any system based on the appropriate level of abstraction chosen by the designer, as well as be able to enforce the appropriate biological consistency without compromising on performance or scalability of the generated models. In this paper we propose a framework that can automate the construction of computational models using genetic algorithms and demonstrate how this framework can construct a model of the parieto-frontal and premotor regions involved in grasping.

关键词： Computational modeling Biological system modeling Biology computing Biological systems computer science Brain modeling Genetic algorithms computer vision Robot vision systems Laboratories

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