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2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems

作者： I. Sardellitti G. Palli N. G. Tsagarakis D. G. Caldwell Advanced Robotics Laboratory Italian Institute of Technology Genoa Italy Department of Electronics Computer Science and Systems University of Bologna Italy

The current research effort in the design of lightweight and safe robots is resulting in increased interest for the development of variable stiffness actuators. Antagonistic pneumatic muscle actuators (pMAs) have been proposed for this purpose, due to their inherent nonlinear spring behavior resulting from both air compressibility and their nonlinear force-length relation. This paper addresses the simultaneous torque and stiffness control of an antagonistically actuated joint with pneumatic muscles driven by compact, fast-switching solenoid valves. This strategy allows compensation of unmodeled joint dynamics while adjusting the joint stiffness depending on the task requirements. The proposed controller is based on a sliding mode force control applied to an average model of the valve-pneumatic muscle system. This was necessary to cope with both the well known model uncertainties of the pMA and the discontinuous on-off behavior of the solenoid valves. Preliminary experimental results verified the effectiveness of the proposed implementation.

关键词： Muscles Valves Joints Force Torque Robots Solenoids

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Towards marine bloom trajectory prediction for AUV mission planning

Towards marine bloom trajectory prediction for AUV mission p...

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2010 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation, ICRA 2010

作者： Das, Jnaneshwar Rajan, Kanna Frolov, Sergey Py, Frederic Ryan, John Caron, David A. Sukhatme, Gaurav S. Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Southern California United States Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute Moss Landing CA United States Dept. of Biological Sciences University of Southern California United States

ISBN: (纸本)9781424450381

This paper presents an oceanographic toolchain that can be used to generate multi-vehicle robotic surveys for large-scale dynamic features in the coastal ocean. Our science application targets Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) which have significant societal impact to coastal communities yet are poorly understood ecologically. Bloom patches can be large spatially (in kms) and unpredictable in their extent. To understand their ecology, we need to be able to bring back water samples from the 'right' places and times for lab analysis. In doing so, we target hotspots representative of intense biogeochemical activity for such sampling. Our approach uses remote sensing data to detect such hotspots using ocean color as a proxy, and advectively projects these patches spatio-temporally using surface current data from HF Radar stations. Experiments with satellite and Radar data sets are promising for large, coherent blooms. We show how these predictions can be used to select an appropriate sampling trajectory for an AUV. ©2010 IEEE.

关键词： Remote sensing

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Editorial Special issue on approximate dynamic programming and reinforcement learning

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控制理论与应用（英文版） 2011年第3期 309-309页

作者： Silvia Ferrari Jagannathan Sarangapani Frank L. Lewis Laboratory for Intelligent Systems and Control(LISC)Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science Box 90300 Duke University Durham NC 27708-0005 Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering University of Missouri-Rolla MO 65401 U.S.A. Automation and Robotics Research Institute The University of Texas at Arlington 7300 Jack Newell Blvd. S Ft. Worth Texas 76118-7115 U.S.A.

We are extremely pleased to present this special issue of the Journal of Control Theory and *** dynamic programming (ADP) is a general and effective approach for solving optimal control and estimation problems by adapting to uncertain environments over *** optimizes the sensing objectives accrued over a future time interval with respect to an adaptive control law,conditioned on prior knowledge of the system,its state,and uncertainties.A numerical search over the present value of the control minimizes a Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equation providing a basis for real-time,approximate optimal control.

关键词： reinforcement learning dynamic programming optimal control effective approach prior knowledge Control Theory real-time control law problems special search future ADP basis

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Design of an actuated phantom to mimic the motion of cardiac landmarks for the study of image-guided intracardiac interventions

Design of an actuated phantom to mimic the motion of cardiac...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics

作者： Nicholas von Sternberg Yousef Hedayati Erol Yeniaras Eftychios Christoforou Nikolaos V. Tsekos Medical Robotics Laboratory Department of Computer Science University of Houston Houston TX USA KIOS Research Center University of Cyprus Nicosia Cyprus

In order to be accepted by the clinical and technical community, a new medical tool needs a long duration of testing and validation period. Whereas animal trials are the current standard for evaluating new technologies just before experimenting on human, they are costly in terms of both money and time. For the early stages of a novel technological tool or an approach, the use of a cost-effective and reusable dynamic model would be highly effective. In this study we demonstrate the viability of a novel and specific MR compatible, computer controlled, and actuated phantom that can mimic the left ventricle (LV) for image guided and robot assisted transapical intracardiac surgeries in the beating heart.

关键词： Phantoms Robots Heart Magnetic resonance imaging Surgery Three dimensional displays Animals

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A Reliability Assessment Paradigm for Automated Video Tracking systems

A Reliability Assessment Paradigm for Automated Video Tracki...

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International Conference on Pattern Recognition

作者： Chung-Hao Chen Yi Yao Andreas Koschan Mongi Abidi Department of Math and Computer Science North Carolina Central University NC USA Global Research Center General Electric NY USA Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory University of Tennessee Knoxville TN USA

Most existing performance evaluation methods concentrate on defining separate metrics over a wide range of conditions and generating standard benchmarking video sequences for examining the effectiveness of video tracking systems. In other words, these methods attempt to design a robustness margin or factor for the system. These methods are deterministic in which a robustness factor, for example, 2 or 3 times the expected number of subjects to track or the strength of illumination would be required in the design. This often results in over design, thus increasing costs, or under design causing failure by unanticipated factors. In order to overcome these limitations, we propose in this paper an alternative framework to analyze the physics of the failure process and, through the concept of reliability, determine the time to failure in automated video tracking systems. The benefit of our proposed framework is that we can provide a unified and statistical index to evaluate the performance of automated video tracking system for a task to be performed. At the same time, the uncertainty problem about a failure process, which may be caused by the system's complexity, imprecise measurements of the relevant physical constants and variables, or the indeterminate nature of future events, can be addressed accordingly based on our proposed framework.

关键词： Performance evaluation Reliability theory Lighting Robustness Mathematical model

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Planning pre-grasp manipulation for transport tasks

Planning pre-grasp manipulation for transport tasks

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Lillian Y. Chang Siddhartha S. Srinivasa Nancy S. Pollard The Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA INTEL Research Laboratory Pittsburgh PA USA Computer Science Department Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA USA

Studies of human manipulation strategies suggest that pre-grasp object manipulation, such as rotation or sliding of the object to be grasped, can improve task performance by increasing both the task success rate and the quality of load-supporting postures. In previous demonstrations, pre-grasp object rotation by a robot manipulator was limited to manually-programmed actions. We present a method for automating the planning of pre-grasp rotation for object transport tasks. Our technique optimizes the grasp acquisition point by selecting a target object pose that can be grasped by high-payload manipulator configurations. Careful selection of the transition states leads to successful transport plans for tasks that are otherwise infeasible. In addition, optimization of the grasp acquisition posture also indirectly improves the transport plan quality, as measured by the safety margin of the manipulator payload limits.

关键词： USA Councils robotics and automation Humans Manipulators Safety Payloads Strategic planning computer science Kinematics Robustness

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Energy-efficient variable-flow liquid cooling in 3D stacked architectures 10

Energy-efficient variable-flow liquid cooling in 3D stacked ...

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Design, Automation and Test in Europe Conference and Exhibition

作者： Ayse K. Coskun David Atienza Tajana Simunic Rosing Thomas Brunschwiler Bruno Michel Electrical and Computer Engineering Department Boston University USA Embedded Systems Laboratory (ESL) Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Switzerland Computer Science and Engineering Department (CSE) University of California San Diego USA IBM Research GmbH Zurich Research Laboratory Switzerland

ISBN: (纸本)9783981080162

Liquid cooling has emerged as a promising solution for addressing the elevated temperatures in 3D stacked architectures. In this work, we first propose a framework for detailed thermal modeling of the microchannels embedded between the tiers of the 3D system. In multicore systems, workload varies at runtime, and the system is generally not fully utilized. Thus, it is not energy-efficient to adjust the coolant flow rate based on the worst-case conditions, as this would cause an excess in pump power. For energy-efficient cooling, we propose a novel controller to adjust the liquid flow rate to meet the desired temperature and to minimize pump energy consumption. Our technique also includes a job scheduler, which balances the temperature across the system to maximize cooling efficiency and to improve reliability. Our method guarantees operating below the target temperature while reducing the cooling energy by up to 30%, and the overall energy by up to 12% in comparison to using the highest coolant flow rate.

关键词： Energy efficiency Liquid cooling Thermal management Multicore processing Coolants Microchannel Temperature control Fluid flow Energy consumption Power system modeling

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A Passivity based Stability Analysis of Disturbance Observer based Trajectory Tracking Control of Nonholonomic Wheeled Mobile Robot

A Passivity based Stability Analysis of Disturbance Observer...

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2010 IEEE/ASME international conference on advanced intelligent mechatronics (AIM 2010)

作者： Mohammad Noorbad Alireza Mohammad Shahri Khoshnam Shojaei Behzad Tabibian Electrical Engineering Department Mechatronics and Robotics Research Laboratory Electronic Research Center Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran Computer Engineering Department Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

This paper proposes a disturbance observer (DOB) algorithm to solve the trajectory tracking problem of a nonholonomic WMR in presence of external disturbances. To obtain a high performance trajectory tracking controller, a computed torque controller (CTC) is integrated into a kinematic controller by back-stepping technique. The disturbance observer as a part of the proposed controller estimates the external disturbances and cancel-out them. By decoupling the estimation errors from disturbances and its passivity property, it is demonstrated that the overall closed-loop system is asymptotically stable. Simulation results show that the performance of the CTC is significantly improved and the DOB achieves good ability of disturbance attenuation.

关键词： Computed Torque Control Disturbance Observer Nonholonomic WMR Weakly Strictly Passive

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Mission-oriented design: A fully autonomous mobile urban robot

Mission-oriented design: A fully autonomous mobile urban rob...

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International Conference on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent systems (MFI)

作者： Qun Zhang Pey Yuen Tao Aswin Thomas Abraham Brice Rebsamen Chenguang Yang Shuzhi Sam Ge NUS Graduate School of Integrative Sciences and Engineering NGS National University of Singapore Singapore A Star Agency of Science Technology & Research National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Temasek Laboratories National University of Singapore Singapore Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London National University of Singapore Singapore Social Robotics Laboratory Interactive & Digital Media Institute (IDMI) Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore

This paper describes a fully autonomous mobile urban robot-X1, which can perform multiple tasks autonomously in an unknown urban environment without human guidance, including mobile reconnaissance, target searching, and object manipulation. The mission-oriented design, which allows reliability and extensibility of the robotic system, includes a high degree of modularity for both hardware and software architecture, and coordination between tasks. Our strategy specifically addresses fundamental issues such as autonomous navigation in unknown urban environments and vision-based object manipulation. All the functionalities have been proved effective in the real urban environments. The robot platform is being built to provide valuable experiences on autonomous robotics research.

关键词： Path planning Navigation Elevators Robot kinematics Robot sensing systems

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Video observation of humanoid robot movements elicits motor interference

Video observation of humanoid robot movements elicits motor ...

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23rd Convention of the Society for the Study of Artificial Intelligence and Simulation of Behaviour, AISB 2009

作者： Kupferberg, Aleksandra Glasauer, Stefan Huber, Markus Rickert, Markus Knoll, Alois Brandt, Thomas Center for Sensorimotor Research Clinical Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. Munich Germany Robotics and Embedded Systems Lab. Dept. of Computer Science Technical Univ. München Germany Department of Clinical Neurosciences Ludwig-Maximilians-Univ. München Germany

ISBN: (纸本)1902956850

Anthropomorphic "humanoid" robots are suggested to be more competent in social communicative interactions than industrial robots, because humans interact more intuitively with them. It is, therefore, critical to evaluate the acceptance of an agent as possible partner for joint interaction. One possible method is to utilize the phenomenon of motor interference (MI). It claims, that observation of an incongruent movement of another individual leads to a higher variance in one's own movement trajectory. Although this effect has been demonstrated while observing a human agent, the researchers were unable to show increased variance in the subjects' movements if they observed an arm of an industrial robot moving with piecewise-constant velocity. In contrast, in other recent studies, MI was demonstrated when subjects watched a humanoid robot performing biological movements based on prerecording of a human experimenter, even if it was not the case when the same robot moved with constant (artificial) velocity. The purpose of the present study was two-fold: 1) we aimed to replicate these results using video-presentations of the agents, and 2) we asked whether quasi-biological movement trajectories are sufficient to elicit MI. We presented subjects, who were instructed to perform horizontal and vertical arm movements, with videos of a human agent or of a humanoid robot, who performed congruent or incongruent arm movements. Robotic movements were produced with a quasi-biological minimum-jerk velocity profile. We found MI both for the human agent and the robot, suggesting that an artificial human-like movement velocity profile (minimum-jerk) is sufficient to facilitate perception of humanoid robots as interaction partners, and that the measurement of MI using a face-to-face video setup can serve as a tool for objectively evaluating humanoid robots.

关键词： Anthropomorphic robots

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