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5th Pacific Rim Conference on Multimedia, PCM 2004

作者： Kim, Sangjin Kang, Jinyoung Shin, Jeongho Lee, Seongwon Paik, Joonki Kang, Sangkyu Abidi, Besma Abidi, Mongi Image Processing and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Image Engineering Graduate School of Advanced Imaging Science Multimedia and Film Chung-Ang University 221 Huksuk-Dong Tongjak-Ku Seoul156-756 Korea Republic of Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The University of Tennessee KnoxvilleTN37996-2100 United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783540239857

This paper presents a feature point tracking algorithm using optical flow under the non-prior training active feature model (NPT-AFM) framework. The proposed algorithm mainly focuses on analysis of deformable objects, and provides real-time, robust tracking. The proposed object tracking procedure can be divided into two steps: (i) optical flow-based tracking of feature points and (ii) NPT-AFM for robust tracking. In order to handle occlusion problems in object tracking, feature points inside an object are estimated instead of its shape boundary of the conventional active contour model (ACM) or active shape model (ASM), and are updated as an element of the training set for the AFM. The proposed NPT-AFM framework enables the tracking of occluded objects in complicated background. Experimental results show that the proposed NPT-AFM-based algorithm can track deformable objects in real-time. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2004.

关键词： Optical flows

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Task allocation for event-aware spatiotemporal sampling of environmental variables

Task allocation for event-aware spatiotemporal sampling of e...

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2005 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems

作者： M.A. Batalin G.S. Sukhatme Yan Yu R. Pon J. Gordon M.H. Rahimi W.J. Kaiser G.J. Pottie D.E. Estrin Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Computer Science Department University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Computer Science Center for Embedded Networked Sensing University of California Los Angeles CA USA Department of Electrical Engineering Center for Embedded Networked Sensing University of California Los Angeles CA USA

Monitoring of environmental phenomena with embedded networked sensing confronts the challenges of both unpredictable variability in the spatial distribution of phenomena coupled with the demands for a high spatial sampling rate in three dimensions. For example, low distortion mapping of critical solar radiation properties in forest environments may require two-dimensional spatial sampling rates of greater than 10 samples/m/sup 2/ over transects exceeding 1000 m/sup 2/. Clearly, adequate sampling coverage of such transect requires an impractically large number of sensing nodes. A new approach, networked infomechanical system (NIMS), has been introduced to combine autonomous-articulated and static sensor nodes enabling sufficient spatiotemporal sampling density over large transects to meet a general set of environmental mapping demands. This paper describes our work on the critical parts of NIMS, the task allocation module. We present our methodologies and the two basic greedy task allocation policies - based on time of the task arrival (time policy) and distance from the robot to the task (distance policy). We present results from NIMS deployed in a forest reserve and from a lab testbed. The results show that both policies are adequate for the task of spatiotemporal sampling, but also complement each other. Finally, we suggest the future direction of research that would both help us better quantify the performance of our system and create more complex policies.

关键词： Spatiotemporal phenomena Sampling methods Sensor phenomena and characterization Solar radiation Mobile robots Atmospheric measurements Ecosystems Robot sensing systems embedded system computer science

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Recognizing interaction from a robot's perspective

Recognizing interaction from a robot's perspective

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IEEE International Workshop on Robot and Human Communication (ROMAN)

作者： T. Salter F. Michaud K. Dautenhahn D. Letourneau S. Caron LABORIUS-Research Laboratory on Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Engineering Université de Sherbrook Sherbrooke QUE Canada Adaptive Systems Research Group School of Computer Science University of Herfordshire Hatfield UK

For meaningful interaction between a robot and a human, an autonomous robot must recognize whether the experienced situation is created by people or by the environment. Using only proprioceptive data from a mobile robotic platform, we discover that it is possible to distinguish sensory data patterns involving interaction. These patterns are obtained whilst navigating varying environments, both human populated and unpopulated. The paper reports the initial set of trials using Roball, a spherical mobile robot. Also described is the experimental methodology currently followed to validate the hypothesis that child interaction can be perceived directly from navigation sensors onboard a robotic platform.

关键词： Robot sensing systems Mobile robots Human robot interaction Navigation Intelligent robots Sensor phenomena and characterization Infrared sensors Educational institutions Plastics Mobile computing

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Appointments for 2005-2006 term

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IEEE Transactions on Very Large Scale Integration (VLSI) systems 2005年第7期13卷 773-782页

作者： Ranganathan, Nagarajan Agrawal, Vishwani D. Chakradhar, Srimat T. Chakrabarty, Krishnendu Courtois, Bernard DeMara, Ronald Hu, Xiaobo Sharon Ismail, Yehea I. Jha, Niraj K. John, Lizy Kurian Ker, Ming-Dou Koren, Israel Liu, Bin-Da Marculescu, Diana Marculescu, Radu Narayanan, Vijaykrishnan Nassif, Sani R. Nowick, Steven M. Sapatnekar, Sachin S. Sherlekar, Sunil Sylvester, Dennis Vemuri, Ranga Pham, Michael Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of South Florida Tampa FL 33620 United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering Nanomaterials and Nanomanufacturing Research Center University of South Florida Tampa United States IEEE United States Systems United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Rutgers University New Brunswick NJ United States IETE India ACM NEC Laboratories America Inc. Princeton NJ United States Duke University Durham NC United States ACM SIGDA Sigma Xi United States Laboratory of Techniques of Informatics and Microelectronics for Computer Architectecture ASME IMAPS IEEE Computer Society University of Central Florida Orlando United States Computer Engineering Program SEECS Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Notre Dame Notre Dame IN United States Northwestern University Evanston IL United States Department of Electrical Engineering Princeton University Princeton NJ United States Association for Computing Machinery Austin United States UT Austin Engineering Foundation United States Department of Electronics Engineering National Chiao-Tung University Taiwan Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Massachusetts Amherst United States Department of Electrical Engineering Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty Carnegie Mellon University Pittsburgh PA United States Computer Science and Engineering Department Pennsylvania State University University Park United States IBM Austin Research Laboratory Austin TX United States Columbia University New York NY United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis United States Tata Consultancy Services Centre of Excellence for Embedded Systems India Department of Electrical Engineering IIT Bombay India Department of Electrical Engineering Uni

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Test scheduling for modular SOCs in an abort-on-fail environment

Test scheduling for modular SOCs in an abort-on-fail environ...

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IEEE European Test Symposium (ETS)

作者： U. Ingelsson S.K. Goel E. Larsson E.J. Marinissen Department of Computer Science Embedded Systems Laboratory Linköpings Universitet Linköping Sweden Philips Research Labs IC Design – Digital Design & Test Eindhoven The Netherlands

Complex SOCs are increasingly tested in a modular fashion, which enables us to record the yield-per-module. In this paper, we consider the yield-per-module as the pass probability of the module's manufacturing test. We use it to exploit the abort-on-fail feature of ATEs, in order to reduce the expected test application time. We present a model for expected test application time, which obtains increasing accuracy due to decreasing granularity of the abortable test unit. For a given SOC, with a modular test architecture consisting of wrappers and disjunct TAMs, and for given pass probabilities per module test, we schedule the tests on each TAM such that the expected test application time is minimized. We describe two heuristic scheduling approaches, one without and one with preemption. Experimental results for the ITC'02 SOC test benchmarks demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach, as we achieve up to 97% reduction of the expected test application time, without any modification of the SOC or ATE.

关键词： Integrated circuit testing Circuit testing Job shop scheduling System testing Costs Pulp manufacturing Semiconductor device testing Benchmark testing Semiconductor device manufacture Application specific integrated circuits

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Hands-off assistive robotics for post-stroke arm rehabilitation

Hands-off assistive robotics for post-stroke arm rehabilitat...

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IEEE International Conference on Rehabilitation robotics (ICORR)

作者： J. Eriksson M.J. Mataric C.J. Winstein Robotics Research Laboratories Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA Motor Behavior and Neurorehabilitation Laboratory Department of Biokinesiology and Physical Therapy University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

This paper describes an autonomous assistive mobile robot that aids stroke patient rehabilitation by providing monitoring, encouragement, and reminders. The robot navigates autonomously, monitors the patient's arm activity, and helps the patient remember to follow a rehabilitation program. Our experiments show that patients post-stroke are positive about this approach and that increasingly active and animated robot behavior is positively received by stroke survivors.

关键词： Rehabilitation robotics Mobile robots Medical treatment Patient monitoring Robot sensing systems Laboratories computer science Patient rehabilitation Navigation Animation

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Modeling of human driving behavior based on piecewise linear model

Modeling of human driving behavior based on piecewise linear...

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IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE)

作者： Jong-Hae Kim S. Okuma Young-Woo Kim Don-Ha Hwang Min-Huei Kim Dong-Hee Kim Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Graduate School of Engineering University of Nagoya Japan Space Robotics Research Center Toyota Technological Institute Nagoya Japan Industry Applications Research Laboratory Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute Changwon South Korea Department of Electrical & Automation Engineering Yeungnam College of Science and Technology Daegu South Korea Department of Electrical Engineering Yeungnam University Kyungbuk South Korea

This paper presents the development of the modeling strategy of the human driving behavior based on the expression as Piecewise Linear (PWL) model focusing on the driver’s stopping maneuver. The driving data are collected by using the three-dimensional driving simulator based on CAVE, which provides stereoscopic immersive vision. In our modeling, the relationship between the driver’s sensory information and the operation of the driver such as braking amount is expressed by PWL model, which is a class of Hybrid Dynamical System (HDS). The identification problem for the PWL model is formulated as the Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) by transforming the switching conditions into binary variables. From the obtained results, it is found that the driver appropriately switches the ‘control low’ according to the sensory information. These results enable us to capture not only the physical meaning of the driving skill, but also the decision-making aspect (switching conditions) in the driver’s stopping maneuver.

关键词： Humans Piecewise linear techniques Hidden Markov models Decision making computer science Space technology robotics and automation Switches Automatic control Service robots

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PERFORMANCE-DERIVED BEHAVIOR VOCABULARIES: DATA-DRIVEN ACQUISITION OF SKILLS FROM MOTION

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International Journal of Humanoid robotics 2004年第2期1卷 237-288页

作者： JENKINS, ODEST CHADWICKE MATARIĆ, MAJA J. Robotics Research Laboratory Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems Computer Science Department University of Southern California 941 West 37th Place SAL 228 Los AngelesCA90089 United States Robotics Research Laboratory Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems Computer Science Department University of Southern California 941 West 37th Place SAL 228 Los AngelesCA90089 United States

Control for and interaction with humanoid robots is often restrictive due to limitations of the robot platform and the high dimensionality of controlling systems with many degrees of freedom. We focus on the problem of providing a "skill-level interface" for a humanoid robot. Such an interface serves as (i) a modular foundation for structuring task-oriented control, (ii) a parsimonious abstraction of motor-level control (e.g. PD-servo control), and (iii) a means for grounding interactions between humans and robots through common skill vocabularies. Our approach to constructing skill-level interfaces is two-fold. First, we propose a representation for a skill-level interface as a "behavior vocabulary," a repertoire of modular exemplar-based memory models expressing kinematic motion. A module in such a vocabulary encodes a flow field (or gradient field) in joint angle space that describes the "flow" of kinematic motion for a particular skill-level behavior, enabling prediction from a given kinematic configuration. Second, we propose a data-driven method for deriving behavior vocabularies from time-series data of human motion using spatio-temporal dimension reduction and clustering. Results from evaluating an implementation of our methodology are presented along with the application of derived behavior vocabularies as predictors towards on-line humanoid trajectory formation and off-line motion synthesis. © 2004 World Scientific Publishing Company

关键词： Kinematics

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Online simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic environments

Online simultaneous localization and mapping in dynamic envi...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： D. Wolf G.S. Sukhatme Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

We propose an on-line algorithm for simultaneous localization and mapping of dynamic environments. Our algorithm is capable of differentiating static and dynamic parts of the environment and representing them appropriately on the map. Our approach is based on maintaining two occupancy grids. One grid models the static parts of the environment, and the other models the dynamic parts of the environment. The union of the two provides a complete description of the environment over time. We also maintain a third map containing information about static landmarks detected in the environment. These landmarks provide the robot with localization. Results in simulation and with physical robots show the efficiency of our approach and show how the differentiation of dynamic and static entities in the environment and SLAM can be mutually beneficial.

关键词： Simultaneous localization and mapping embedded system Mobile robots Object detection computer science Robot localization Testing Performance evaluation Bayesian methods

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Constrained coverage for mobile sensor networks

Constrained coverage for mobile sensor networks

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： S. Poduri G.S. Sukhatme Robotic Embedded Systems Laboratory Center for Robotics and Embedded Systems Department of Computer Science University of Southern California Los Angeles CA USA

We consider the problem of self-deployment of a mobile sensor network. We are interested in a deployment strategy that maximizes the area coverage of the network with the constraint that each of the nodes has at least K neighbors, where K is a user-specified parameter. We propose an algorithm based on artificial potential fields which is distributed, scalable and does not require a prior map of the environment. Simulations establish that the resulting networks have the required degree with a high probability, are well connected and achieve good coverage. We present analytical results for the coverage achievable by uniform random and symmetrically tiled network configurations and use these to evaluate the performance of our algorithm.

关键词： Mobile robots Sensor systems Robot sensing systems embedded system Taxonomy Laboratories computer science Mobile computing Global Positioning System Fires

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