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Advancing blood cell detection and classification: performance evaluation of modern deep learning models

BMC Medical Informatics and Decision Making 2025年第1期25卷 1-22页

作者： Choudhary, Shilpa Kumar, Sandeep Siddhaarth, Pammi Sri Charitasri, Guntu Gulhane, Monali Rakesh, Nitin Mon, Feslin Anish Al-Rasheed, Amal Getahun, Masresha Soufiene, Ben Othman Department of CSE (AIML) Neil Gogte Institute of Technology Hyderabad India School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence SR University Telangana Warangal 506371 India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Neil Gogte Institute of Technology Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering (AIML) Keshav Memorial Engineering College Hyderabad India Department of CSE Symbiosis Institute of Technology Nagpur Campus Symbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune India Faculty in Department of Information technology University of Technology and Applied Sciences Ibri Oman Department of Information Systems College of Computer and Information Sciences Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University P.O. Box 84428 Riyadh Saudi Arabia Department of Computer Science and Information Technology College of Engineering and Technology Kebri Dehar University Kebri Dehar Ethiopia PRINCE Laboratory Research ISITcom Hammam Sousse University of Sousse Sousse Tunisia

The detection and classification of blood cells are important in diagnosing and monitoring a variety of blood-related illnesses, such as anemia, leukemia, and infection, all of which may cause significant mortality. Accurate blood cell identification has a high clinical relevance in these patients because this would help to prevent false-negative diagnosis and to treat them in a timely and effective manner, thus reducing their clinical *** research aims to automate the process and eliminate manual efforts in blood cell counting. While our primary focus is on detection and classification, the output generated by our approach can be useful for disease prediction. This follows a two-step approach, where YOLO-based detection is first performed to locate blood cells, followed by classification using a hybrid CNN model to ensure accurate identification. We conducted a thorough and extensive comparison with other state-of-the-art models, including MobileNetV2, ShuffleNetV2, and DarkNet, for blood cell detection and classification. In terms of real-time performance, YOLOv10 outperforms other object detection models with better detection rates and classification accuracy. But MobileNetV2 and ShuffleNetV2 are more computationally efficient, which becomes more appropriate for resource-constrained environments. In contrast, DarkNet outperformed in terms of feature extraction performance, and the fine blood cell type classification. Additionally, an annotated blood cell data set was generated for this study. A diverse set of blood cell images with fine-grained annotations is contained in this dataset to make it useful for deep learning models training and evaluation. Because the present dataset will be an important resource for researchers and developers working on automatic blood cell detection and classification systems, we will make it publicly available under the open-access nature in order to accelerate the collaboration and progress in this field. © The Author(s) 2

关键词： Blood cell detection Classification DarkNet MobileNetV2 Precision medicine Real-time detection ShuffleNetV2 YOLOv10

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Towards Global Optimality for Practical Average Reward Reinforcement Learning without Mixing Time Oracles 41

Towards Global Optimality for Practical Average Reward Reinf...

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41st International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2024

作者： Patel, Bhrij Suttle, Wesley A. Koppel, Alec Aggarwal, Vaneet Sadler, Brian M. Manocha, Dinesh Bedi, Amrit Singh Department of Computer Science University of Maryland College Park United States US Army Research Laboratory AdelphiMD United States JP Morgan AI Research New York United States School of Industrial Engineering Purdue University Indiana United States Department of Computer Sicence University of Texas Austin United States Department of Computer Science University of Central Florida Florida United States

In the context of average-reward reinforcement learning, the requirement for oracle knowledge of the mixing time, a measure of the duration a Markov chain under a fixed policy needs to achieve its stationary distribution, poses a significant challenge for the global convergence of policy gradient methods. This requirement is particularly problematic due to the difficulty and expense of estimating mixing time in environments with large state spaces, leading to the necessity of impractically long trajectories for effective gradient estimation in practical applications. To address this limitation, we consider the Multi-level Actor-Critic (MAC) framework, which incorporates a Multi-level Monte-Carlo (MLMC) gradient estimator. With our approach, we effectively alleviate the dependency on mixing time knowledge, a first for average-reward MDPs global convergence. Furthermore, our approach exhibits the tightest available dependence of O(√τmix) known from prior work. With a 2D grid world goal-reaching navigation experiment, we demonstrate that MAC outperforms the existing state-of-the-art policy gradient-based method for average reward settings. Copyright 2024 by the author(s)

关键词： Markov chains

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Video2Reward: Generating Reward Function from Videos for Legged Robot Behavior Learning 27

Video2Reward: Generating Reward Function from Videos for Leg...

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27th European Conference on Artificial Intelligence, ECAI 2024

作者： Zeng, Runhao Zhou, Dingjie Liang, Qiwei Liu, Junlin Li, Hui Huang, Changxin Li, Jianqiang Hu, Xiping Sun, Fuchun Artificial Intelligence Research Institute Shenzhen MSU-BIT University China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University China College of Computer Science and Software Engineering Shenzhen University China National Engineering Laboratory for Big Data System Computing Technology Shenzhen University China Department of Computer Science and Technology Tsinghua University China

ISBN: (纸本)9781643685489

Learning behavior in legged robots presents a significant challenge due to its inherent instability and complex constraints. Recent research has proposed the use of a large language model (LLM) to generate reward functions in reinforcement learning, thereby replacing the need for manually designed rewards by experts. However, this approach, which relies on textual descriptions to define learning objectives, fails to achieve controllable and precise behavior learning with clear directionality. In this paper, we introduce a new video2reward method, which directly generates reward functions from videos depicting the behaviors to be mimicked and learned. Specifically, we first process videos containing the target behaviors, converting the motion information of individuals in the videos into keypoint trajectories represented as coordinates through a video2text transforming module. These trajectories are then fed into an LLM to generate the reward function, which in turn is used to train the policy. To enhance the quality of the reward function, we develop a video-assisted iterative reward refinement scheme that visually assesses the learned behaviors and provides textual feedback to the LLM. This feedback guides the LLM to continually refine the reward function, ultimately facilitating more efficient behavior learning. Experimental results on tasks involving bipedal and quadrupedal robot motion control demonstrate that our method surpasses the performance of state-of-the-art LLM-based reward generation methods by over 37.6% in terms of human normalized score. More importantly, by switching video inputs, we find our method can rapidly learn diverse motion behaviors such as walking and running. © 2024 The Authors.

关键词： Robots

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Predicting the synthesizability of crystalline inorganic materials from the data of known material compositions

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 733-743页

作者： Evan R.Antoniuk Gowoon Cheon George Wang Daniel Bernstein William Cai Evan J.Reed Materials Science Division Physical and Life Sciences DirectorateLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCAUSA Department of Chemistry Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Applied Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Google Research Mountain ViewCAUSA Department of Physics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Mathematics Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Computer Science Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Stanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA

Reliably identifying synthesizable inorganic crystalline materials is an unsolved challenge required for realizing autonomous materials *** this work,we develop a deep learning synthesizability model(SynthNN)that leverages the entire space of synthesized inorganic chemical *** reformulating material discovery as a synthesizability classification task,SynthNN identifies synthesizable materials with 7×higher precision than with DFT-calculated formation *** a head-to-head material discovery comparison against 20 expert material scientists,SynthNN outperforms all experts,achieves 1.5×higher precision and completes the task five orders of magnitude faster than the best human ***,without any prior chemical knowledge,our experiments indicate that SynthNN learns the chemical principles of charge-balancing,chemical family relationships and ionicity,and utilizes these principles to generate synthesizability *** development of SynthNN will allow for synthesizability constraints to be seamlessly integrated into computational material screening workflows to increase their reliability for identifying synthetically accessible materials.

关键词： inorganic crystalline utilize

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Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence's Future Applications in Cyber Security 3

Blockchain Technology and Artificial Intelligence's Future A...

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3rd International Conference on Advancement in Electronics and Communication engineering, AECE 2023

作者： Salama, Ramiz Al-Turjman, Sinem Altrjman, Chadi Al-Turjman, Fadi Gupta, Richa Yadav, Satya Prakash Vats, Satvik Ai and Robotics Institute Research Center for Ai and IoT Near East University Department of Computer Engineering Near East Boulevard TRNC Mersin 10 Nicosia99138 Turkey Ai and Robotics Institute Near East University Artificial Intelligence Engineering Dept Mersin10 Nicosia Turkey Waterloo University Department of Chemical Engineering ONN2L 3G1 Canada Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Greater Noida201306 India Graphic Era Hill University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330724

Artificial intelligence and blockchain are quickly integrating in daily life and business applications. When numerous information systems must access and analyze data in real-time in centralized systems and applications, such as healthcare, a bottleneck develops. This issue would be resolved by blockchain's decentralized database architecture, safe data storage, data exchange, and authentication. Additionally, AI can be present at the very top of the blockchain and produce insights from the shared data that is created and applied to forecasts. Blockchain is a cutting-edge Cybersecurity technology that creates chains by mutual consent between nodes that chronologically link new blocks to those previously stored in nodes. A number of industries, including banking, insurance, cybersecurity, forecasting, healthcare, and cryptocurrencies, among others, are growing more quickly as a result of technology convergence. The likelihood of these systems being hacked increases as more digital technologies are used and these businesses provide services. Blockchain technology and artificial intelligence can work together to create a strong defense against these dangers and security problems. We'll examine how blockchain and AI are merged in cybersecurity in this chapter. We'll go into more detail about how they help secure cyber-physical systems. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Blockchain

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Terahertz Communications and Sensing Overview 3

Terahertz Communications and Sensing Overview

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3rd International Conference on Advancement in Electronics and Communication engineering, AECE 2023

作者： Salama, Ramiz Altrjman, Chadi Al-Turjman, Fadi Yadav, Satya Prakash Vats, Satvik Gupta, Richa Ai and Robotics Institute Research Center for Ai and IoT Near East University Department of Computer Engineering Near East Boulevard TRNC Mersin 10 Nicosia99138 Turkey Waterloo University Department of Chemical Engineering ONN2L 3G1 Canada Ai and Robotics Institute Near East University Artificial Intelligence Engineering Dept Mersin10 Nicosia Turkey Department of Computer Science and Engineering Greater Noida201306 India Graphic Era Hill University Department of Computer Science and Engineering Dehradun India Raj Kumar Goel Institute of Technology Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350330724

Terahertz (THz) (0.1-10 THz) wireless communication is one of the cornerstones of the next 6G wireless networks. THz frequencies have the ability to dramatically increase wireless capacity performance and enable high-resolution environment sensing if applied properly due to the enormous quantity of accessible bandwidth. However, the usage of wireless devices in high-frequency bands like THz is constrained by a very unpredictable and dynamic channel. The ultimate result is essentially unreliable intermittent connections since these channel constraints have a naturally restricted communication range and a high susceptibility to blocking and chemical absorption. Because of this, the THz band's potential for high-rate communications and high-resolution sensing may be hindered. This study thoroughly examines the steps necessary to build up and operate next-generation THz wireless networks that will work together to deliver a variety of communication and sensing services in this environment. We first lay the groundwork for this by defining the THz frequency range's fundamentals. Using these fundamentals as a foundation, we outline and carefully investigate seven specific qualities that characterize THz wireless systems: Some of the subjects discussed include the quasi-opticality of the band, wireless architectures suited for THz, synergy with lower frequency bands, cooperative sensing and communication systems, PHY-layer protocols, spectrum access techniques, and real-time network optimization. These seven distinctive features enable our understanding of how to re-engineer wireless systems as we know them today to fit THz bands and their specific settings. On the one hand, THz systems make use of its quasi-optimality and may turn any sensing opportunity into a communication problem, aiding in the development of a new breed of flexible wireless systems that can do many jobs beyond straightforward communications. THz systems can alternatively use intelligent surfaces, lower

关键词： Internet of Everything

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Assessing the Efficacy of Improved Learning in Hourly Global Irradiance Prediction

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computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第11期77卷 2579-2594页

作者： Abdennasser Dahmani Yamina Ammi Nadjem Bailek Alban Kuriqi Nadhir Al-Ansari Salah Hanini Ilhami Colak Laith Abualigah El-Sayed M.El-kenawy Department of Mechanical Engineering Faculty of Science and TechnologyGIDD Industrial Engineering and Sustainable Development LaboratoryUniversity of RelizaneBourmadiaRelizane48000Algeria Laboratory of Biomaterials and Transport Phenomena(LBMPT) University of MedeaUrban PoleMedea26000Algeria Energies and Materials Research Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyUniversity of TamanghassetTamanrasset10034Algeria Sustainable Development and Computer Science Laboratory Faculty of Sciences and TechnologyAhmed Draia University of AdrarAdrarAlgeria CERIS Instituto Superior TécnicoUniversidade de LisboaLisbon1049-001Portugal Civil Engineering Department University for Business and TechnologyPristina10000Kosovo Department of Civil Environmental and Natural Resources EngineeringLulea University of TechnologyLulea97187Sweden Engineering and Architecture Faculty Nisantasi UniversityIstanbulTurkey Computer Science Department Prince Hussein Bin Abdullah Faculty for Information TechnologyAl al-Bayt UniversityMafraq25113Jordan Hourani Center for Applied Scientific Research Al-Ahliyya Amman UniversityAmman19328Jordan MEU Research Unit Middle East UniversityAmman11831Jordan Applied Science Research Center Applied Science Private UniversityAmman11931Jordan School of Computer Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaPulau Pinang11800Malaysia Department of Computing and Information Systems School of Engineering and TechnologySunway University MalaysiaPetaling Jaya27500Malaysia Faculty of Artificial Intelligence Delta University for Science and TechnologyMansoura35712Egypt

Increasing global energy consumption has become an urgent problem as natural energy sources such as oil,gas,and uranium are rapidly running *** into renewable energy sources such as solar energy is being pursued to counter *** energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources,as it has the potential to meet the world’s energy needs *** study aims to develop and evaluate artificial intelligence(AI)models for predicting hourly global *** hyperparameters were optimized using the Broyden-FletcherGoldfarb-Shanno(BFGS)quasi-Newton training algorithm and STATISTICA *** from two stations in Algeria with different climatic zones were used to develop the *** error measurements were used to determine the accuracy of the prediction models,including the correlation coefficient,the mean absolute error,and the root mean square error(RMSE).The optimal support vector machine(SVM)model showed exceptional efficiency during the training phase,with a high correlation coefficient(R=0.99)and a low mean absolute error(MAE=26.5741 Wh/m^(2)),as well as an RMSE of 38.7045 Wh/m^(2) across all ***,this study highlights the importance of accurate prediction models in the renewable energy,which can contribute to better energy management and planning.

关键词： Renewable energy energy prediction global irradiation artificial intelligence BFGS quasi-Newton training algorithm

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Multiclassification Model of Histopathological Breast Cancer Based on Deep Neural Network 19

Multiclassification Model of Histopathological Breast Cancer...

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19th IEEE International Multi-Conference on Systems, Signals and Devices, SSD 2022

作者： Mohammed, Faris E. Zghal, Nadia Smaoui Aissa, Dalinda Ben El-Gayar, M.M. Tunis University Microwave Electronics Research Laboratory Faculty of Science Tunisia Enis Control and Energy Management Research Laboratory Sfax Tunisia New Mansoura University Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering Department of Computer Science Egypt

ISBN: (数字)9781665471084

ISBN: (纸本)9781665471084

Breast cancer is one of the most important diseases that lead to death, according to the reports of the World Health Organization. Reports also indicated that breast cancer affects women more than men. Late or wrong diagnosis leads to a deterioration in the patient's condition and may lead to death. Therefore, automated multiple classifications using machine learning of breast cancer from histopathological images plays a major role in the early diagnosis of the disease. Multiple classifications of breast cancer is the identification of tumors such as Carcinoma, Fibroadenoma, Cysts, etc. However, this type of classification faces many challenges such as extracting subtle differences between the binary classes of tumors and whether they are benign or malignant, strong coherence of tumor cells and widespread color heterogeneity. Therefore, we propose in this paper the use of a sophisticated model that works on semantic segmentation and extracting distinctive patterns and classifying them using a deep neural network. The structured deep learning model performed impressively (average accuracy of 98.7%) on a large-scale data set, demonstrating the power of our method in providing an effective tool for classifying multiple breast cancers in clinical settings. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Front-running Attacks in Hash-Based Transaction Sharding Blockchains 23

Front-running Attacks in Hash-Based Transaction Sharding Blo...

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23rd IEEE International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications, TrustCom 2024

作者： Wang, Yusen Lou, Jiong Wang, Zihan Li, Jie Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Computer Science and Engineering China Blockchain Advanced Research Center China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trusted Data Circulation and Governance and Web3 China

Sharding is one of the prominent solutions to solve the scalability problem of traditional blockchains. By dividing the blockchain network into independent shards, transactions in different shards can be executed in parallel, improving the throughput of the blockchain. However, sharding also brings security issues. In a hash-based transaction sharding system, the output shard of a transaction is determined by the hash value of the transaction. Unfortunately, we show that this hashbased transaction assignment strategy can be easily exploited by attackers to conduct front-running attacks. Attackers can take advantage of the execution differences between different shards and the extra processing time of cross-shard transactions to make the attacker's transaction executed and committed before the victim's transaction, thereby obtaining the benefits that originally belonged to the victim. We also propose a flooding front-running attack, which introduces a single-shard flooding attack to enhance the front-running attack. Specifically, injecting a large number of junk transactions into the shard where the victim's transaction is located can significantly extend the execution time of the victim's transaction. We demonstrate the feasibility and practical effects of these two attacks through experiments on RapidChain, which show that a single-shard flooding attack can increase the success rate of a front-running attack by 12%. Finally, we discuss two possible mitigation measures and the cost of two proposed attacks. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： blockchain flooding attack front-running attack sharding

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Video Polyp Segmentation: A Deep Learning Perspective

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Machine Intelligence research 2022年第6期19卷 531-549页

作者： Ge-Peng Ji Guobao Xiao Yu-Cheng Chou Deng-Ping Fan Kai Zhao Geng Chen Luc Van Gool Research School of Engineering Australian National UniversityCanberra 2601Australia College of Computer and Control Engineering Minjiang UniversityFuzhou 350108China Department of Computer Science Johns Hopkins UniversityBaltimore 21218USA Computer Vision Laboratory ETH ZürichZürich 8092Switzerland Department of Radiological Sciences University of CaliforniaLos Angeles 90095USA School of Computer Science and Engineering Northwestern Polytechnical UniversityXi′an 710072China

We present the first comprehensive video polyp segmentation(VPS)study in the deep learning *** the years,developments in VPS are not moving forward with ease due to the lack of a large-scale dataset with fine-grained segmentation *** address this issue,we first introduce a high-quality frame-by-frame annotated VPS dataset,named SUN-SEG,which contains 158690colonoscopy video frames from the well-known *** provide additional annotation covering diverse types,i.e.,attribute,object mask,boundary,scribble,and ***,we design a simple but efficient baseline,named PNS+,which consists of a global encoder,a local encoder,and normalized self-attention(NS)*** global and local encoders receive an anchor frame and multiple successive frames to extract long-term and short-term spatial-temporal representations,which are then progressively refined by two NS *** experiments show that PNS+achieves the best performance and real-time inference speed(170 fps),making it a promising solution for the VPS ***,we extensively evaluate 13 representative polyp/object segmentation models on our SUN-SEG dataset and provide attribute-based ***,we discuss several open issues and suggest possible research directions for the VPS *** project and dataset are publicly available at https://***/GewelsJI/VPS.

关键词： Video polyp segmentation(VPS) dataset self-attention colonoscopy abdomen

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