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Leveraging randomized compiling for the quantum imaginary-time-evolution algorithm

Physical Review research 2022年第3期4卷 033140-033140页

作者： Jean-Loup Ville Alexis Morvan Akel Hashim Ravi K. Naik Marie Lu Bradley Mitchell John-Mark Kreikebaum Kevin P. O'Brien Joel J. Wallman Ian Hincks Joseph Emerson Ethan Smith Ed Younis Costin Iancu David I. Santiago Irfan Siddiqi Quantum Nanoelectronics Laboratory Dept. of Physics University of California at Berkeley Berkeley California 94720 USA Computational Research Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Materials Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National Lab Berkeley California 94720 USA Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge Massachusetts 02139 USA Inst. for Quantum Computing and Dept. of Applied Mathematics University of Waterloo Waterloo Ontario Canada N2L 3G1 Quantum Benchmark Inc. Kitchener Ontario Canada N2H 5G5

Recent progress in noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) hardware shows that quantum devices may be able to tackle complex problems even without error correction. However, coherent errors due to the increased complexity of these devices is an outstanding issue. They can accumulate through a circuit, making their impact on algorithms hard to predict and mitigate. Iterative algorithms like quantum imaginary time evolution are susceptible to these errors. This article presents the combination of both noise tailoring using randomized compiling and error mitigation with purification. We also show that cycle benchmarking gives an estimate of the reliability of the purification. We apply this method to the quantum imaginary time evolution of a transverse field Ising model and report an energy estimation error and a ground-state infidelity both below 1%. Our methodology is general and can be used for other algorithms and platforms. We show how combining noise tailoring and error mitigation will push forward the performance of NISQ devices.

关键词： Measurement-based quantum computing Quantum algorithms Quantum benchmarking Quantum computation Quantum control Quantum information processing Quantum simulation

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Silica nanocone array as a template for fabricating a plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

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Photonics research 2019年第3期7卷 294-299页

作者： ZHIQIANG YANG KANG DU FANFAN LU YANG PANG SHIJIA HUA XUETAO GAN WENDING ZHANG SOO JIN CHUA TING MEI Key Laboratory of Space Applied Physics and Chemistry Ministry of Education and Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Optical Information TechnologySchool of Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore LEES Program Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research & Technology (SMART)

Plasmon induced hot electrons have attracted a great deal of interest as a novel route for photodetection and lightenergy harvesting. Herein, we report a hot electron photodetector in which a large array of nanocones deposited sequentially with aluminum, titanium dioxide, and gold films can be integrated functionally with nanophotonics and microelectronics. The device exhibits a strong photoelectric response at around 620 nm with a responsivity of 180 μA/W under short-circuit conditions with a significant increase under 1 V reverse bias to 360 μA/W. The increase in responsivity and a red shift in the peak value with increasing bias voltage indicate that the bias causes an increase in the hot electron tunneling effect. Our approach will be advantageous for the implementation of the proposed architecture on a vast variety of integrated optoelectronic devices.

关键词： Silica nanocone array plasmon induced hot electron photodetector

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Corrigendum to "PSFHS challenge report: pubic symphysis and fetal head segmentation from intrapartum ultrasound images" [Medical Image Analysis 99 (2025),103353]

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Medical image analysis 2025年 104卷 103651页

作者： Jieyun Bai Zihao Zhou Zhanhong Ou Gregor Koehler Raphael Stock Klaus Maier-Hein Marawan Elbatel Robert Martí Xiaomeng Li Yaoyang Qiu Panjie Gou Gongping Chen Lei Zhao Jianxun Zhang Yu Dai Fangyijie Wang Guénolé Silvestre Kathleen Curran Hongkun Sun Jing Xu Pengzhou Cai Lu Jiang Libin Lan Dong Ni Mei Zhong Gaowen Chen Víctor M Campello Yaosheng Lu Karim Lekadir Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization Jinan University Guangzhou China Auckland Bioengineering Institute The University of Auckland Auckland New Zealand. Electronic address: jbai996@aucklanduni.ac.nz. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization Jinan University Guangzhou China. Division of Medical Image Computing German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) Heidelberg Germany. Department of Computer Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong China. Computer Vision and Robotics Group University of Girona Girona Spain. Canon Medical Systems (China) Co. LTD Beijing China. College of Artificial Intelligence Nankai University Tianjin China. College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering Hunan University Changsha China. School of Medicine University College Dublin Dublin Ireland. School of Computer Science University College Dublin Dublin Ireland. School of Statistics & Mathematics Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou China. School of Computer Science & Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China. National-Regional Key Technology Engineering Laboratory for Medical Ultrasound & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biomedical Measurements and Ultrasound Imaging & School of Biomedical Engineering Health Science Center Shenzhen University Shenzhen China. NanFang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China. Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University Guangzhou China. Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Informatization Jinan University Guangzhou China. Electronic address: tluys@***. Departament de Matemàtiques i Informàtica Universitat de Barcelona Barcelona Spain Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA) Barcelona Spain.

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Cognitive UAV Communication via Joint Maneuver and Power Control

Cognitive UAV Communication via Joint Maneuver and Power Con...

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作者： Huang, Yuwei Mei, Weidong Xu, Jie Qiu, Ling Zhang, Rui Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230027 China NUS Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore119077 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore117583 Singapore School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou510006 China National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory Southeast University Nanjing211189 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore Singapore Singapore

This paper investigates a new scenario of spectrum sharing between unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and terrestrial wireless communication, in which a cognitive/secondary UAV transmitter communicates with a ground secondary receiver (SR), in the presence of a number of primary terrestrial communication links that operate over the same frequency band. We exploit the UAV's mobility in three-dimensional (3D) space to improve its cognitive communication performance while controlling the co-channel interference at the primary receivers (PRs), such that the received interference power at each PR is below a prescribed threshold termed as interference temperature (IT). First, we consider the quasi-stationary UAV scenario, where the UAV is placed at a static location during each communication period of interest. In this case, we jointly optimize the UAV's 3D placement and power control to maximize the SR's achievable rate, subject to the UAV's altitude and transmit power constraints, as well as a set of IT constraints at the PRs to protect their communications. Second, we consider the mobile UAV scenario, in which the UAV is dispatched to fly from an initial location to a final location within a given task period. We propose an efficient algorithm to maximize the SR's average achievable rate over this period by jointly optimizing the UAV's 3D trajectory and power control, subject to the additional constraints on UAV's maximum flying speed and initial/final locations. Finally, numerical results are provided to evaluate the performance of the proposed designs for different scenarios, as compared to various benchmark schemes. It is shown that in the quasi-stationary scenario the UAV should be placed at its minimum altitude while in the mobile scenario the UAV should adjust its altitude along with horizontal trajectory, so as to maximize the SR's achievable rate in both scenarios. © 1972-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV)

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SynthIA: A synthetic inversion approximation for the stokes vector fusing SDO and Hinode into a virtual observatory

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Higgins, Richard E.L. Fouhey, David F. Antiochos, Spiro K. Barnes, Graham Cheung, Mark C.M. Hoeksema, J. Todd Leka, K.D. Liu, Yang Schuck, Peter W. Gombosi, Tamas I. University of Michigan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Ann ArborMI United States NASA GSFC Silver SpringMD United States NorthWest Research Associates BoulderCO United States Lockheed Martin Solar and Astrophysics Laboratory Palo AltoCA United States Stanford University StanfordCA United States University of Michigan Department of Climate and Space Center for Space Environment Modelling Ann ArborMI United States

Both NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) and the JAXA/NASA Hinode mission include spectropolarimetric instruments designed to measure the photospheric magnetic field. SDO's Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) emphasizes full-disk high-cadence and good spatial resolution data acquisition while Hinode's Solar Optical Telescope Spectro-Polarimeter (SOT-SP) focuses on high spatial resolution and spectral sampling at the cost of a limited field of view and slower temporal cadence. This work introduces a deep-learning system named SynthIA (Synthetic Inversion Approximation), that can enhance both missions by capturing the best of each instrument's characteristics. We use SynthIA to produce a new magnetogram data product, SynodeP (Synthetic Hinode Pipeline), that mimics magnetograms from the higher spectral resolution Hinode/SOT-SP pipeline, but is derived from full-disk, high-cadence, and lower spectral-resolution SDO/HMI Stokes observations. Results on held-out data show that SynodeP has good agreement with the Hinode/SOT-SP pipeline inversions, including magnetic fill fraction, which is not provided by the current SDO/HMI pipeline. SynodeP further shows a reduction in the magnitude of the 24-hour oscillations present in the SDO/HMI data. To demonstrate SynthIA's generality, we show the use of SDO/AIA data and subsets of the HMI data as inputs, which enables trade-offs between fidelity to the Hinode/SOT-SP inversions, number of observations used, and temporal artifacts. We discuss possible generalizations of SynthIA and its implications for space weather modeling. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pipelines

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The 2024 Motile Active Matter Roadmap

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Gompper, Gerhard Stone, Howard A. Kurzthaler, Christina Saintillan, David Peruani, Fernado Fedosov, Dmitry A. Auth, Thorsten Cottin-Bizonne, Cecile Ybert, Christophe Clément, Eric Darnige, Thierry Lindner, Anke Goldstein, Raymond E. Liebchen, Benno Binysh, Jack Souslov, Anton Isa, Lucio di Leonardo, Roberto Frangipane, Giacomo Gu, Hongri Nelson, Bradley J. Brauns, Fridtjof Marchetti, M. Cristina Cichos, Frank Heuthe, Veit-Lorenz Bechinger, Clemens Korman, Amos Feinerman, Ofer Cavagna, Andrea Giardina, Irene Jeckel, Hannah Drescher, Knut Theoretical Physics of Living Matter Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum Jülich Jülich Germany Princeton University Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering PrincetonNJ United States Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Center for Systems Biology Dresden Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life TU Dresden Dresden Germany University of California San Diego United States CY Cergy Paris University France Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 CNRS Institut Lumière Matière Villeurbanne France Laboratoire PMMH-ESPCI UMR 7636 CNRS-PSL-Research University Sorbonne Université Université Paris Cité Paris France Institut Universitaire de France Paris France Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics University of Cambridge Cambridge United Kingdom Technische Universität Darmstadt Darmstadt64289 Germany Institute of Physics Universiteit van Amsterdam Science Park 904 Amsterdam1098 XH Netherlands T.C.M. Group Cavendish Laboratory University of Cambridge CambridgeCB3 0HE United Kingdom Laboratory for Soft Materials and Interfaces Department of Materials ETH Zurich Zurich8093 Switzerland Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma Italy Department of Physics University of Konstanz Konstanz Germany Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems ETH Zürich Zurich Switzerland Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Department of Physics University of California Santa BarbaraCA93106 United States Molecular Nanophotonics Leipzig University Leipzig04013 Germany UMI FILOFOCS Israel Department of Physics of Complex Systems Weizmann Institute of Science Israel Rome Italy Dipartimento di Fisica Sapienza Università di Roma INFN Unità di Roma 1 Rome Italy Department of Biology and Biological Engineering California Institute of Technology Pasadena91125 United States Biozentrum University of Basel Basel4056 Switzerl

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials. A major challenge for understanding and designing active matter is their inherent non-equilibrium nature due to persistent energy consumption, which invalidates equilibrium concepts such as free energy, detailed balance, and time-reversal symmetry. Furthermore, interactions in ensembles of active agents are often non-additive and non-reciprocal. An important aspect of biological agents is their ability to sense the environment, process this information, and adjust their motion accordingly. It is an important goal for the engineering of microrobotic systems to achieve similar functionality. With many fundamental properties of motile active matter now reasonably well understood and under control, the ground is prepared for the study of physical aspects and mechanisms of motion in complex environments, of the behavior of systems with new physical features like chirality, of the development of novel micromachines and microbots, of the emergent collective behavior and swarming of intelligent self-propelled particles, and of particular features of microbial systems. The vast complexity of phenomena and mechanisms involved in the self-organization and dynamics of motile active matter poses major challenges, which can only be addressed by a truly interdisciplinary effort involving scientists from biology, chemistry, ecology, engineering, mathematics, and physics. The 2024 motile active matter roadmap of Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter reviews the current state of the art of the field and provides guidance for further progress in t

关键词： Microrobots

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Frequency dependence of near-surface oceanic kinetic energy from drifter observations and global high-resolution models

arXiv

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Arbic, Brian K. Elipot, Shane Brasch, Jonathan M. Menemenlis, Dimitris Ponte, Aurélien L. Shriver, Jay F. Yu, Xiaolong Zaron, Edward D. Alford, Matthew H. Buijsman, Maarten C. Abernathey, Ryan Garcia, Daniel Guan, Lingxiao Martin, Paige E. Nelson, Arin D. Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science University of Miami MiamiFL United States Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology PasadenaCA United States Ifremer Université de Brest CNRS IRD Laboratoire d'Océanographie Physique et Spatiale IUEM Brest France Naval Research Laboratory Stennis Space Center Mississippi United States College of Earth Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences Oregon State University CorvallisOR United States Scripps Institution of Oceanography University of California La Jolla San DiegoCA United States School of Ocean Science and Engineering University of Southern Mississippi Stennis Space Center MS United States Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory Columbia University New York CityNY United States Department of Physics University of Michigan Ann ArborMI United States Graduate School of Oceanography University of Rhode Island KingstonRI United States

The geographical variability, frequency content, and vertical structure of near-surface oceanic kinetic energy (KE) are important for air-sea interaction, marine ecosystems, operational oceanography, pollutant tracking, and interpreting remotely sensed velocity measurements. Here, KE in high-resolution global simulations (HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model;HYCOM, and Massachusetts Institute of Technology general circulation model;MITgcm), at the sea surface (0 m) and 15 m, are respectively compared with KE from undrogued and drogued surface drifters. Global maps and zonal averages are computed for low-frequency ( © 2022, CC BY.

关键词： Kinetic energy

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Semantic-aided Parallel Image Transmission Compatible with Practical System

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Xu, Mingkai Wu, Yongpeng Shi, Yuxuan Xia, Xiang-Gen Debbah, Mérouane Zhang, Wenjun Zhang, Ping Department of Electronic Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China School of Cyber and Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai200240 China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Delaware NewarkDE19716 United States KU 6G Research Center Khalifa University of Science and Technology P O Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates CentraleSupelec University Paris-Saclay Gif-sur-Yvette91192 France State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China

In this paper, we propose a novel semantic-aided image communication framework for supporting the compatibility with practical separation-based coding architectures. Particularly, the deep learning (DL)-based joint source-channel coding (JSCC) is integrated into the classical separate source-channel coding (SSCC) to transmit the images via the combination of semantic stream and image stream from DL networks and SSCC respectively, which we name as parallel-stream transmission. The positive coding gain stems from the sophisticated design of the JSCC encoder, which leverages the residual information neglected by the SSCC to enhance the learnable image features. Furthermore, a conditional rate adaptation mechanism is introduced to adjust the transmission rate of semantic stream according to residual, rendering the framework more flexible and efficient to bandwidth allocation. We also design a dynamic stream aggregation strategy at the receiver, which provides the composite framework with more robustness to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) fluctuations in wireless systems compared to a single conventional codec. Finally, the proposed framework is verified to surpass the performance of both traditional and DL-based competitors in a large range of scenarios and meanwhile, maintains lightweight in terms of the transmission and computational complexity of semantic stream, which exhibits the potential to be applied in real systems. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Channel coding

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Electrically powered locomotion of dual-nature colloidhedgehog and colloid-umbilic topological and elastic dipoles in liquid crystals

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Senyuk, Bohdan Adufu, Richmond E. Smalyukh, Ivan I. Department of Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Department of Electrical Computer and Energy Engineering University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Soft Materials Research Center Materials Science and Engineering Program University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Chemical Physics Program Departments of Chemistry and Physics University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute National Renewable Energy Laboratory University of Colorado BoulderCO80309 United States

Colloidal particles in liquid crystals tend to induce topological defects and distortions of the molecular alignment within the surrounding anisotropic host medium, which results in elasticity-mediated interactions not accessible to their counterparts within isotropic fluid hosts. Such particle-induced coronae of perturbed nematic order are highly responsive to external electric fields, even when the uniformly aligned host medium away from particles exhibits no response to fields below the realignment threshold. Here we harness the non-reciprocal nature of these facile electric responses to demonstrate colloidal locomotion. Oscillations of electric field prompt repetitive deformations of the corona of dipolar elastic distortions around the colloidal inclusions, which at appropriately designed electric driving synchronize the displacement directions. We observe the colloid-hedgehog dipole accompanied by an umbilical defect in the tilt directionality field (c-field), along with the texture of elastic distortions that evolves with changing applied voltage. The temporal out-of-equilibrium evolution of the director and c-field distortions around particles upon turning voltage on and off is not invariant upon reversal of time, prompting lateral translations and interactions that markedly differ from what is accessible to these colloids under equilibrium conditions. Our findings may lead to both technological and fundamental science applications of nematic colloids as both model reconfigurable colloidal systems and as mesostructured materials with pre-designed temporal evolution of structure and composition. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Liquid crystals

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A unified adaptive recoding framework for Batched network coding

arXiv

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arXiv 2021年

作者： Yin, Hoover H.F. Tang, Bin Ng, Ka Hei Yang, Shenghao Wang, Xishi Zhou, Qiaoqiao The N-hop Technologies Limited Hong Kong The Institute of Network Coding The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The School of Computer and Information Hohai University Nanjing China The Department of Physics The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong The School of Science and Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen China Shenzhen Key Laboratory of IoT Intelligent Systems and Wireless Network Technology Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data Shenzhen China The Department of Information Engineering The Chinese University of Hong Kong Hong Kong

Batched network coding is a variation of random linear network coding which has low computational and storage costs. In order to adapt to random fluctuations in the number of erasures in individual batches, it is not optimal to recode and transmit the same number of packets for all batches. Different distributed optimization models, which are called adaptive recoding schemes, were formulated for this purpose. The key component of these optimization problems is the expected value of the rank distribution of a batch at the next network node, which is also known as the expected rank. In this paper, we put forth a unified adaptive recoding framework with an arbitrary recoding field size. We show that the expected rank functions are concave when the packet loss pattern is a stationary stochastic process, which covers but not limited to independent packet loss and Gilbert-Elliott packet loss model. Under this concavity assumption, we show that there always exists a solution which not only can minimize the randomness on the number of recoded packets but also can tolerate rank distribution errors due to inaccurate measurements or limited precision of the machine. We provide an algorithm to obtain such an optimal optimal solution, and propose tuning schemes that can turn any feasible solution into a desired optimal solution. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Packet loss

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