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IEEE International Conference on systems, Man and Cybernetics

作者： A. Harati M.N. Ahmadabadi Institute for Studies on Theoretical Physics and Mathematics School of Intelligent Systems Tehran Iran Robotics and AI Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Q-learning is widely used in many multi agent systems. In most cases, a separate critic is considered for qualifying each individual agent behavior or it is assumed that the critic is completely aware of effects of all agents' actions on the team qualification. But, in many cases, the role of each team member in the group performance is not known. In order to distribute a common credit among the agents, a suitable criterion must be provided to estimate the role of each agent in the team performance and to judge if an agent has done a wrong action. In this paper two such criteria, named certainty and expertness, for a team of agents with parallel tasks are introduced. In addition, two methods for reinforcing the agents based on the proposed measures are provided. Some simulation results are also reported to show the effectiveness of the proposed measures and methods.

关键词： intelligent agent Learning systems Multiagent systems intelligent sensors Artificial intelligence Laboratories intelligent systems intelligent robots Physics Mathematics

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An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-learning for specialized agents

An extension of weighted strategy sharing in cooperative Q-l...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： S.M. Eshgh M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

Using other agents' experiences and knowledge, a learning agent may learn faster, make fewer mistakes, and create some rides for unseen situations. These benefits will be gained if the learning agents know the area of expertise and the expertness values of each other. In this paper, some Q-learning agents with different skills and expertness levels cooperate in learning. The agents use some criteria to judge others information and knowledge. Four expertness criterion, certainty and entropy measures are used to assign degrees of importance to others' Q-Tables. Effects of measuring these values based on their whole Q-Table, a portion of Q-Tables that reflects their proficiencies, and the states in Q-Tables on the learning quality are studied. Simple strategy sharing and two different weighted strategy-sharing methods are used to combine the acquired knowledge from different agents.

关键词： intelligent robots intelligent agent Process control Control systems intelligent control Laboratories intelligent systems Physics Mathematics Entropy

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Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for cooperative Q-Learning agents with an AND-type task

Certainty and expertness-based credit assignment for coopera...

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International Conference on Neural Information Processing

作者： A. Harati M.N. Ahmadabadi School of Intelligent Systems Institute of Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics Tehran Iran Control and Intelligent Processing Center of Excellence & AI and Robotics Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tehran Tehran Iran

In multiagent reinforcement learning, inter-agent credit assignment is a fundamental problem, since a single scalar reinforcement signal is the only reliable feedback that teams of learning agents receive. This problem is more critical in groups of independent learners with a joint task. In this research, it is assumed that a critic agent receives the environment feedback and assigns a proper credit to each agent using some measures. Three of such measures for a team of cooperative agents with a parallel and AND-type task are introduced. These measures somehow compare the agents' knowledge. One of these criteria, called normal expertness, is a non-relative measure while two other ones (certainty and relative normal expertness) are relative measure. It is experimentally shown that relative measures work better as they contain more information for the critic agent.

关键词： Feedback intelligent agent intelligent robots Process control Control systems intelligent control Artificial intelligence Robot kinematics Physics computing Reliability engineering

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A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation in humans based on disturbance noise and feedback error that accounts for time delays

A new model of the visual feedback coordinate transformation...

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IEEE International Workshop on intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： E. Oyama K.F. MacDorman T. Maeda S. Tachi A. Agah Science and Technology (AIST) National Institute for Advanced Industrial Science and Technology Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan Intelligent Robotics Laboratory Graduate School of Systems Engineering Wakayama University Wakayama Japan School of Engineering University of Tokyo Bunkyo Tokyo Japan Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Kansas Lawrence KS USA

An essential factor in understanding the motor learning capability of humans, is the coordinate transformation learning of the visual feedback controller. Although a number of learning models for the visual feedback controller have been proposed, none has been able to establish a definitive approach. In our previous work, we have suggested a learning model that uses disturbance noise and the feedback error signal to learn the human visual feedback controller's coordinate transformation. However, the model does not fully consider the time delay in the visual feedback control loop. This paper presents a modified learning model taking into account the time delay and the convergence properties of the model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

关键词： Humans Delay effects Adaptive control Error correction Biological system modeling Feedback control Convergence Kinematics intelligent robots Velocity control

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Aging agents

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Artificial Life and robotics 2001年第1期5卷 46-57页

作者： Elpida S. Tzafestas Intelligent Robotics and Automation Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Department National Technical University of Athens Zographou Greece

We are adopting Brooks and Wiley's view of evolution as an irreversible process capable of producing increasingly greater complexity at higher organizational levels. We start from the assumption that the evolutionary force is intrinsic in the living system, and is in reality a continuous senescence function leading gradually and unavoidably to death. We are therefore seeking a senescence function that favors social rather than solitary agents in terms of longevity, without prespecifying in detail the agent's life span. We show that a senescence function relyling on negative (destructive) feedback links from metabolism to genetic program conforms with these specifications. We also show that senescence should affect all the regulation parameters of the agent, and that the system remains nonmanipulable and unpredictable as far as its life span is concerned. This senescence function favors the more “cognitive” agent models (the ones having additional regulation loops), and thus the emergence of organizations of a higher order that have more elaborate social relations.

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Using Motives and Artificial Emotions for Prolonged Activity of a Group of Autonomous Robots

Using Motives and Artificial Emotions for Prolonged Activity...

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2001 AAAI Fall Symposium

作者： Michaud, François Robichaud, Etienne Audet, Jonathan LABORIUS - Research Laboratory on Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université de Sherbrooke SherbrookeQCJ1K 2R1 Canada

To operate over a long period of time in the real world, autonomous mobile robots must have the capability of recharging themselves whenever necessary. In addition to be able to find and dock into a charging station, robots must be able to decide when and for how long to recharge. This decision is influenced by the energetic capacity of their batteries and the contingencies of the environment. To deal with this temporality issue and using research evidences from the field of psychology, this study investigates the use of motives and artificial emotions to regulate the recharging need of autonomous robots. © 2001 AI Access Foundation. All rights reserved.

关键词： Robots

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Finding objects in a 3D environment by combining distance measurement and color indexing

Finding objects in a 3D environment by combining distance me...

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： A. Koschan SunHo Lee M.A. Abidi Imaging Robotics and Intelligent Systems Laboratory Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Tennessee USA

A new method is presented for the localization and recognition of three-dimensional objects using color information. In the first processing step, we estimate depth information by either applying a chromatic block matching method to color stereo images or acquiring a range image from a laser scanner. Second, the computed depth maps are segmented to distinguish between the image background and the objects that should be recognized. Assuming that the segmented regions represent single objects in the three-dimensional scene, feature vectors are generated based on color histograms. The Euclidean distance is used as well as the scalar product to measure the similarity between the feature vectors computed from the color image and the feature vectors stored in a database.

关键词： Distance measurement Indexing Color Histograms Image recognition Image segmentation Colored noise Layout Lighting intelligent robots

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Light signaling for social interaction with mobile robots

Light signaling for social interaction with mobile robots

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IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in robotics and Automation (CIRA)

作者： F. Michaud Minh Tuan Vu Laborius-Research Laboratory on Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université de Sherbrook Sherbrooke QUE Canada

To give autonomous mobile robots some kind of "social intelligence", they need to be able to recognize and interact with other agents in the world. This paper describes how a light signaling device can be used to identify another individual and to communicate simple information. By having the agents relatively close to each other, they share the same perceptual space, which allows them to sense or deduce implicit information concerning the context of their interaction. Using a vision- and sonar-based Pioneer I robot equipped with a colored-light signaling device, experimental results demonstrate how the robot. can interact with a human interlocutor in a ball-passing game.

关键词： Mobile robots intelligent robots intelligent agent Human robot interaction Humanoid robots Robot sensing systems Orbital robotics Animals Robot vision systems Protocols

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Mobile robot that can read symbols

Mobile robot that can read symbols

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IEEE International Symposium on Computational Intelligence in robotics and Automation (CIRA)

作者： F. Michaud D. Letourneau LABORIUS-Research Laboratory on Mobile Robotics aid Intelligent Systems Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Université de Sherbrook Sherbrooke QUE Canada

To give an autonomous robot the ability to read symbols, we need to integrate character recognition techniques with methods to position the robot in front of the symbol, to capture the image that will be used in the identification process, and to validate the overall approach on a robot. Our goal is to address the different aspects required in making a mobile robotic platform recognize symbols placed in real world environment, using current hardware and software capabilities. Validated on a Pioneer 2 robot, the approach described in this paper uses colors to detect symbols, a PID controller to position the camera, simple heuristics to select image regions that could contain symbols, and finally a neural system for symbol identification. Results in different lighting conditions are presented.

关键词： Mobile robots intelligent robots Robot vision systems Hardware Cameras Roads Sonar Mobile computing intelligent systems Character recognition

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Proprioception based behavioral advances in a hexapod robot

Proprioception based behavioral advances in a hexapod robot

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： H. Komsuoglu D. McMordie U. Saranli N. Moore M. Buehler D.E. Koditschek Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Michigan Ann Arbor USA Center for Intelligent Machines Ambulatory Robotics Laboratory McGill University Montreal Canada

ISBN: (纸本)0780365763

We report on our progress in extending the behavioral repertoire of RHex, a compliant leg hexapod robot. We introduce two new controllers, one for climbing constant slope inclinations and one for achieving higher speeds via pronking, a gait that incorporates a, substantial aerial phase. In both cases, we make use of an underlying open-loop control strategy, combined with low bandwidth feedback to modulate its parameters. The inclination behavior arises from our initial alternating tripod walking controller and adjusts the angle offsets of individual leg motion profiles based on inertial sensing of the average surface slope. Similarly, the pronking controller makes use of a "virtual" leg touchdown sensing mechanism to adjust the frequency of the open-loop pronking, effectively synchronizing the controller with the natural oscillations of the mechanical system. Experimental results demonstrate good performance on slopes inclined up to /spl sim/250 and pronking up to speeds approaching 2 body lengths per second (/spl sim/1.0 m/s).

关键词： Robots Open loop systems Leg Legged locomotion Control systems Bandwidth Feedback Motion control Frequency synchronization Mechanical systems

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