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2023 IEEE International Conference on systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2023

作者： Ramesh, Aniketh Braun, Christian Alexander Ruan, Tianshu Rothfuss, Simon Hohmann, Soren Stolkin, Rustam Chiou, Manolis University of Birmingham Extreme Robotics Lab Birmingham United Kingdom Institute of Control Systems Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Karlsruhe Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9798350337020

Adjusting the level of autonomy in human-machine systems (e.g., human-robot systems) holds great potential for achieving high system performance while maintaining operator involvement. To support operators with the task of setting the proper level of autonomy, we present a novel approach to realise a Model Predictive controller that determines the optimal LoA for each tessellation in the robot's path plan based on the estimated performance degradation due environmental adversities. We also report on an experimental evaluation of a mixed-initiative system where both the operator and the Model Predictive controller are in charge of dynamically adjusting the level of autonomy cooperatively while performing a challenging navigational task with a mobile ground robot in a high-fidelity simulation. To this end, we conducted a user study with 15 participants comparing the performance and user experience of the model predictive system with a state-of-the-art system. The results show significant benefits of the model predictive system in terms of a reduction of conflicts for control and an improved user experience. Additionally, there are indications of benefits in terms of robot health and, consequently, performance for the model predictive system. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Adaptive automation Levels of automation Levels of autonomy Mixed initiative control Variable autonomy

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Model Predictive fuzzy control of the Degree of Automation Optimizing Robot Health 17

Model Predictive fuzzy Control of the Degree of Automation O...

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17th IEEE International Symposium on Applied Computational Intelligence and Informatics, SACI 2023

作者： Braun, Christian Alexander Ramesh, Aniketh Rothfus, Simon Chiou, Manolis Stolkin, Rustam Hohmann, Soren Karlsruhe Institute of Technology Institute of Control Systems Karlsruhe Germany University of Birmingham Extreme Robotics Lab Birmingham United Kingdom

ISBN: (纸本)9798350321104

Adjusting operator support in human-machine systems is a promising way of combining operator involvement with high overall system performance. Adaptive automation aims to achieve this goal without burdening the operator with the task of selecting and setting the desired amount of support. In this work, two novel adaptive automations are presented. We use the performance measure of 'robot health' to formulate the optimal control problem of maximizing the robot health of a human-robot system through the adaption of operator support to develop two model predictive controllers. The first one considers discrete levels of operator support, or levels of automation, the second one uses the continuous conception of the degree of automation. We report on a proof-of-concept simulation study evaluating the proposed model predictive controllers in a collaborative teleoperation of a mobile robot;the results demonstrate the ability of both model predictive controllers to successfully arbitrate control between the operator and the robot's controller to maximize robot health. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy control

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An Equivariant Approach to Robust State Estimation for the ArduPilot Autopilot System

An Equivariant Approach to Robust State Estimation for the A...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Alessandro Fornasier Yixiao Ge Pieter van Goor Martin Scheiber Andrew Tridgell Robert Mahony Stephan Weiss Control of Networked Systems Group University of Klagenfurt Austria System Theory and Robotics Lab Australian National University Australia

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

The majority of commercial and open-source autopilot software for uncrewed aerial vehicles rely on the tried and tested extended Kalman filter (EKF) to provide the state estimation solution for the inertial navigation system (INS). While modern implementations achieve remarkable robustness, it is often due to the careful implementation of exception code for a multitude of corner cases along with significant skilled tuning effort. In this paper, we use the data wealth of the ArduPilot community to identify and highlight the most common real-world challenges in INS state estimation, including sensor self-calibration, robustness in static conditions, global navigation satellite system (GNSS) outliers and shifts, and robustness to faulty inertial measurement units (IMUs). We propose a novel equivariant filter (EqF) formulation for the INS solution that exploits a Semi-Direct-Bias symmetry group for multi-sensor fusion with self-calibration capabilities and incorporates equivariant velocity-type measurements. We augment the filter with a simple innovation-covariance inflation strategy that seamlessly handles GNSS outliers and shifts without requiring coding of a whole set of exception cases. We use real-world data from the Ardupilot community to demonstrate the performance of the proposed filter on known cases where existing filters fail without careful exception handling or case-specific tuning and benchmark against the ArduPilot’s EKF3, the most sophisticated EKF implementation currently available.

关键词： Global navigation satellite system Low-pass filters Inertial navigation Robot sensing systems Autonomous aerial vehicles Robustness Software

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Equivariant IMU Preintegration with Biases: a Galilean Group Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Delama, Giulio Fornasier, Alessandro Mahony, Robert Weiss, Stephan Control of Networked Systems Group University of Klagenfurt Austria System Theory and Robotics Lab Australian National University Australia

This letter proposes a new approach for Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) preintegration, a fundamental building block that can be leveraged in different optimization-based Inertial Navigation System (INS) localization solutions. Inspired by recent advances in equivariant theory applied to biased INSs, we derive a discrete-time formulation of the IMU preintegration on Gal(3) ⋈ gal(3), the left-trivialization of the tangent group of the Galilean group Gal(3). We define a novel preintegration error that geometrically couples the navigation states and the bias leading to lower linearization error. Our method improves in consistency compared to existing preintegration approaches which treat IMU biases as a separate state-space. Extensive validation against state-of-the-art methods, both in simulation and with real-world IMU data, implementation in the Lie++ library, and open-source code are provided. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Inertial navigation systems

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Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of 3-RRS Parallel Manipulator

Kinematic and Kinetic Analysis of 3-RRS Parallel Manipulator

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RSI/ISM International Conference on robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM)

作者： Sara Ashrafi S. Ali A. Moosavian Department of Mechanical Engineering Advanced Robotics and Automated Systems (ARAS) Lab. Center of Excellence in Robotics and Control K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798331529734

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529741

This paper presents the Kinematic and Kinetic properties of the 3-RRS parallel manipulator that has been designed and prototyped at the ARAS lab, together with an extensive experimental setup. Inverse and forward kinematics of the mechanism are studied, which leads to the attainment of eight possible solutions in each case, of which just one is physically acceptable and maintains its consistency in both analyses. In addition, the Jacobian matrix of the manipulator is derived for various operational scenarios. In this most recent update, a linear actuator under the moving platform is added to cancel the effect of the mass of the plate and the ball for enhancing the responsiveness of the system. Dynamic and kinetic equations are updated based on reduced gravitational effects.

关键词： Jacobian matrices Actuators Mechatronics System dynamics Dynamics Kinematics Kinetic theory Manipulator dynamics

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Shape Estimation of Continuum Arms Based on Inverse Kinematics Data-Driven Modeling

Shape Estimation of Continuum Arms Based on Inverse Kinemati...

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RSI/ISM International Conference on robotics and Mechatronics (ICROM)

作者： Saeedeh Shekari S. Ali A. Moosavian Dept of Mechanical Engineering Advanced Robotics and Automated Systems (ARAS) Lab. Center of Excellence in Robotics and Control K. N. Toosi University of Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (数字)9798331529734

ISBN: (纸本)9798331529741

In recent decades, soft robotic arms inspired by biological organisms with flexible structures have enabled significant advancements in robotics, particularly by allowing robots to navigate in complex and unknown environments. Tendon-driven continuum robotic arms, as a type of such systems, are characterized by their infinite degrees of freedom and the inherent complexity of their nonlinear systems, while the analysis of their configurations is highly challenging. In this study, a data-driven inverse kinematics model is developed to estimate the shape of a two-segment continuum robot called RoboArm in ARAS lab. The robot's final configuration was recorded using two cameras, and the shape estimation was performed by tracking the position of each segment's end along a given dynamic path. The experimental results were compared with software simulations which demonstrate high accuracy in predicting the arm's configuration. By comparing the estimated shapes from the simulations with the robot's actual shape during movement, we validated the effectiveness of this approach for accurately modeling the robot's configuration in real-time.

关键词： Data-driven modeling Accuracy Shape Tracking Estimation Kinematics Soft robotics Real-time systems Software Continuum robots

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MSCEqF: A Multi State Constraint Equivariant Filter for Vision-aided Inertial Navigation

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Fornasier, Alessandro van Goor, Pieter Allak, Eren Mahony, Robert Weiss, Stephan The Control of Networked Systems Group University of Klagenfurt Austria The System Theory and Robotics Lab Australian National University Australia

This letter re-visits the problem of visual-inertial navigation system (VINS) and presents a novel filter design we dub the multi state constraint equivariant filter (MSCEqF, in analogy to the well known MSCKF). We define a symmetry group and corresponding group action that allow specifically the design of an equivariant filter for the problem of visual-inertial odometry (VIO) including IMU bias, and camera intrinsic and extrinsic calibration states. In contrast to state-of-the-art invariant extended Kalman filter (IEKF) approaches that simply tack IMU bias and other states onto the SE2(3) group, our filter builds upon a symmetry that properly includes all the states in the group structure. Thus, we achieve improved behavior, particularly when linearization points largely deviate from the truth (i.e., on transients upon state disturbances). Our approach is inherently consistent even during convergence phases from significant errors without the need for error uncertainty adaptation, observability constraint, or other consistency enforcing techniques. This leads to greatly improved estimator behavior for significant error and unexpected state changes during, e.g., long-duration missions. We evaluate our approach with a multitude of different experiments using three different prominent real-world datasets. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Errors

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SLAM-Based Safe Indoor Exploration Strategy

SLAM-Based Safe Indoor Exploration Strategy

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International Conference on Autonomous Robots and Agents, ICARA

作者： Omar Mostafa Nikolaos Evangeliou Anthony Tzes Center for Artificial Intelligence & Robotics (CAIR) New York University Abu Dhabi (NYUAD) United Arab Emirates Robotics & Intelligent Systems Control Lab NYUAD United Arab Emirates CAIR NYUAD United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (数字)9798331509231

ISBN: (纸本)9798331509248

This paper suggests a 2D exploration strategy for a planar space cluttered with obstacles. Rather than using point robots capable of adjusting their position and altitude instantly, this research is tailored to classical agents with circular footprints that cannot control instantly their pose. Inhere, a self-balanced dual-wheeled differential drive system is used to explore the place. The system is equipped with linear accelerometers and angular gyroscopes, a 3D-LiDAR, and a forward-facing RGB-D camera. The system performs RTAB-SLAM using the IMU and the LiDAR, while the camera is used for loop closures. The mobile agent explores the planar space using a safe skeleton approach that places the agent as far as possible from the static obstacles. During the exploration strategy, the heading is towards any offered openings of the space. This space exploration strategy has as its highest priority the agent's safety in avoiding the obstacles followed by the exploration of undetected space. Experimental studies with a ROS-enabled mobile agent are presented indicating the path planning strategy while exploring the space.

关键词： Simultaneous localization and mapping Mobile agents Cameras Path planning Skeleton Space exploration Safety Reliability Noise measurement Robots

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A Non-planar Assembly of Modular Tetrahedral-shaped Aerial Robots

A Non-planar Assembly of Modular Tetrahedral-shaped Aerial R...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Obadah Wali Mohamad T. Shahab Eric Feron Robotics Intelligent Systems and Control (RISC) Lab King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) Thuwal Saudi Arabia

This paper presents a new design of aerial vehicles with tetrahedral geometry. We call this design the TetraQuad. The TetraQuad is a fractal modular aerial robot. A characteristic of fractals is that they have a geometric shape that can be assembled to generate the same geometry on a larger scale. Therefore multiple TetraQuad modules can be assembled to produce a larger scaled tetrahedral shaped aerial vehicle. The advantage is to have modular aerial robots that assemble in the vertical direction; this increases the rigidity of the structure, as well as reduces the wake interaction of the elevated propellers in the assembly. This work presents a design and analysis of the TetraQuad module as well as assemblies of multiple modules. A modular controller strategy is discussed. The functionality of the controller is illustrated using simulations. We validate our design with experimental flight tests.

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Performance Comparison of Teleoperation Interfaces for Ultra-Lightweight Anthropomorphic Arms

Performance Comparison of Teleoperation Interfaces for Ultra...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and systems (IROS)

作者： Filip Zorić Alejandro Suarez Goran Vasiljević Matko Orsag Zdenko Kovačić Anibal Ollero Laboratory for Robotics and Intelligent Control Systems (LARICS) Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia GRVC Robotics Lab University of Seville Sevilla Spain

This paper presents a comparative performance evaluation of three different teleoperation interfaces for very low weight (<3 kg) anthropomorphic dual arms intended to conduct complex manipulation tasks involving a certain level of dexterity, accuracy and agility, either in ground service or in aerial manipulation applications. A visual human pose estimation system is developed to obtain the Cartesian and joint values of the user, which are mapped to the corresponding pose of the dual arm manipulator exploiting the equivalent human-robot kinematics. A leader-follower scheme is also presented, using a reduced scale dual arm that can replicate directly the joint positions of the leader arms to the follower arms. A 6-DOF (degrees of freedom) joystick is proposed to generate linear motions more accurately. A total of 60 ground tests were conducted involving 10 participants to determine the accuracy and time performance in two benchmarks (box edges and S contour tracking). Finally, the visual and leader-follower interfaces were evaluated with the dual arm aerial manipulator on flight tests, reporting several findings derived from the system evaluation.

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