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arXiv 2025年

作者： Fredriksson, Scott Bai, Yifan Saradagi, Akshit Nikolakopoulos, George Robotics and AI group Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden

As industries increasingly adopt large robotic fleets, there is a pressing need for computationally efficient, practical, and optimal conflict-free path planning for multiple robots. Conflict-Based Search (CBS) is a popular method for multi-agent path finding (MAPF) due to its completeness and optimality;however, it is often impractical for real-world applications, as it is computationally intensive to solve and relies on assumptions about agents and operating environments that are difficult to realize. This article proposes a solution to overcome computational challenges and practicality issues of CBS by utilizing structural-semantic topometric maps. Instead of running CBS over large grid-based maps, the proposed solution runs CBS over a sparse topometric map containing structural-semantic cells representing intersections, pathways, and dead ends. This approach significantly accelerates the MAPF process and reduces the number of conflict resolutions handled by CBS while operating in continuous time. In the proposed method, robots are assigned time ranges to move between topometric regions, departing from the traditional CBS assumption that a robot can move to any connected cell in a single time step. The approach is validated through real-world multi-robot path-finding experiments and benchmarking simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed MAPF method can be applied to real-world non-holonomic robots and yields significant improvement in computational efficiency compared to traditional CBS methods while improving conflict detection and resolution in cases of corridor symmetries. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Continuous time systems

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A Graph-Based Reinforcement Learning Approach with Frontier Potential Based Reward for Safe Cluttered Environment Exploration

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Calzolari, Gabriele Sumathy, Vidya Kanellakis, Christoforos Nikolakopoulos, George Robotics and AI Group Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden

Autonomous exploration of cluttered environments requires efficient exploration strategies that guarantee safety against potential collisions with unknown random obstacles. This paper presents a novel approach combining a graph neural network-based exploration greedy policy with a safety shield to ensure safe navigation goal selection. The network is trained using reinforcement learning and the proximal policy optimization algorithm to maximize exploration efficiency while reducing the safety shield interventions. However, if the policy selects an infeasible action, the safety shield intervenes to choose the best feasible alternative, ensuring system consistency. Moreover, this paper proposes a reward function that includes a potential field based on the agent’s proximity to unexplored regions and the expected information gain from reaching them. Overall, the approach investigated in this paper merges the benefits of the adaptability of reinforcement learning-driven exploration policies and the guarantee ensured by explicit safety mechanisms. Extensive evaluations in simulated environments demonstrate that the approach enables efficient and safe exploration in cluttered environments. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Curriculum-based Sample Efficient Reinforcement Learning for Robust Stabilization of a Quadrotor

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Suarez, Fausto Mauricio Lagos Saradagi, Akshit Sumathy, Vidya Kotpalliwar, Shruti Nikolakopoulos, George Robotics and AI group in the Department of Computer Science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Sweden

This article introduces a curriculum learning approach to develop a reinforcement learning-based robust stabilizing controller for a Quadrotor that meets predefined performance criteria. The learning objective is to achieve desired positions from random initial conditions while adhering to both transient and steady-state performance specifications. This objective is challenging for conventional one-stage end-to-end reinforcement learning, due to the strong coupling between position and orientation dynamics, the complexity in designing and tuning the reward function, and poor sample efficiency, which necessitates substantial computational resources and leads to extended convergence times. To address these challenges, this work decomposes the learning objective into a three-stage curriculum that incrementally increases task complexity. The curriculum begins with learning to achieve stable hovering from a fixed initial condition, followed by progressively introducing randomization in initial positions, orientations and velocities. A novel additive reward function is proposed, to incorporate transient and steady-state performance specifications. The results demonstrate that the Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO)based curriculum learning approach, coupled with the proposed reward structure, achieves superior performance compared to a single-stage PPO-trained policy with the same reward function, while significantly reducing computational resource requirements and convergence time. The curriculum-trained policy’s performance and robustness are thoroughly validated under random initial conditions and in the presence of disturbances. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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Resiliency in Space Autonomy: a Review

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Current robotics Reports 2023年第1期4卷 1-12页

作者： Banerjee, Avijit Mukherjee, Moumita Satpute, Sumeet Nikolakopoulos, George Robotics and AI Department of Computer science Electrical and Space Engineering Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden

The article provides an extensive overview on the resilient autonomy advances made across various missions, orbital or deep-space, that captures the current research approaches while investigating the possible future direction of resiliency in space autonomy. In recent years, the need for several automated operations in space applications has been rising, that ranges from the following: spacecraft proximity operations, navigation and some station keeping applications, entry, decent and landing, planetary surface exploration, etc. Also, with the rise of miniaturization concepts in spacecraft, advanced missions with multiple spacecraft platforms introduce more complex behaviours and interactions within the agents, which drives the need for higher levels of autonomy and accommodating collaborative behaviour coupled with robustness to counter unforeseen uncertainties. This collective behaviour is now referred to as resiliency in autonomy. As space missions are getting more and more complex, for example applications where a platform physically interacts with non-cooperative space objects (debris) or planetary bodies coupled with hostile, unpredictable, and extreme environments, there is a rising need for resilient autonomy solutions. Resilience with its key attributes of robustness, redundancy and resourcefulness will lead toward new and enhanced mission paradigms of space missions.

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Toward a Low-Cost Perception System in Autonomous Vehicles: A Spectrum Learning Approach

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Alsakabi, Mohammed Erickson, Aidan Dolan, John M. Tonguz, Ozan K. Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering College of Engineering The Robotics Institute School of Computer Science Carnegie Mellon University PittsburghPA United States

We present a cost-effective new approach for generating denser depth maps for Autonomous Driving (AD) and Autonomous Vehicles (AVs) by integrating the images obtained from deep neural network (DNN) 4D radar detectors with conventional camera RGB images. Our approach introduces a novel pixel positional encoding algorithm inspired by Bartlett’s spatial spectrum estimation technique. This algorithm transforms both radar depth maps and RGB images into a unified pixel image subspace called the Spatial Spectrum, facilitating effective learning based on their similarities and differences. Our method effectively leverages high-resolution camera images to train radar depth map generative models, addressing the limitations of conventional radar detectors in complex vehicular environments, thus sharpening the radar output. We develop spectrum estimation algorithms tailored for radar depth maps and RGB images, a comprehensive training framework for data-driven generative models, and a camera-radar deployment scheme for AV operation. Our results demonstrate that our approach also outperforms the state-of-the-art (SOTA) by 27.95% in terms of Unidirectional Chamfer Distance (UCD). © 2025, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Radar imaging

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Proactive Robot Control for Collaborative Manipulation Using Human Intent

Proactive Robot Control for Collaborative Manipulation Using...

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Zhanibek Rysbek Siyu Li Afagh Mehri Shervedani Miloš Žefran Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Robotics Laboratory the University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Collaborative manipulation task often requires negotiation using explicit or implicit communication. An important example is determining where to move when the goal destination is not uniquely specified, and who should lead the motion. This work is motivated by the ability of humans to communicate the desired destination of motion through back-and-forth force exchanges. Inherent to these exchanges is also the ability to dynamically assign a role to each participant, either taking the initiative or deferring to the partner’s lead. In this paper, we propose a hierarchical robot control framework that emulates human behavior in communicating a motion destination to a human collaborator and in responding to their actions. At the top level, the controller consists of a set of finite-state machines corresponding to different levels of commitment of the robot to its desired goal configuration. The control architecture is loosely based on the human strategy observed in the human-human experiments, and the key component is a real-time intent recognizer that helps the robot respond to human actions. We describe the details of the control framework, feature engineering and training process of the intent recognition. The proposed controller was implemented on a UR10e robot (Universal Robots) and evaluated through human studies. The experiments show that the robot correctly recognizes and responds to human input, communicates its intent clearly, and resolves conflict. We report success rates and draw comparisons with human-human experiments to demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach.

关键词： Training Robot control Force Collaboration Process control Automata Lead

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Cloud-Based Scheduling Mechanism for Scalable and Resource-Efficient Centralized Controllers

Cloud-Based Scheduling Mechanism for Scalable and Resource-E...

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Annual Conference of Industrial Electronics Society

作者： Achilleas Santi Seisa Sumeet Gajanan Satpute George Nikolakopoulos Department of Computer Electrical and Space Engineering Robotics and AI Group Luleå University of Technology Luleå

ISBN: (数字)9781665464543

ISBN: (纸本)9781665464550

This paper proposes a novel approach to address the challenges of deploying complex robotic software in large-scale systems, i.e., Centralized Nonlinear Model Predictive Controllers (CNMPCs) for multi-agent systems. The proposed approach is based on a Kubernetes-based scheduling mechanism designed to monitor and optimize the operation of CNMPCs, while addressing the scalability limitation of centralized control schemes. By leveraging a cluster in a real-time cloud environment, the proposed mechanism effectively offloads the computational burden of CNMPCs. Through experiments, we have demonstrated the effectiveness and performance of our system, especially in scenarios where the number of robots is subject to change. Our work contributes to the advancement of cloud-based control strategies and lays the foundation for enhanced performance in cloud-controlled robotic systems.

关键词： Job shop scheduling Service robots Processor scheduling Scalability Predictive models Software Real-time systems Large-scale systems Monitoring Multi-agent systems

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Optimal Prescribed Performance Control for Euler-Lagrange Systems 11

Optimal Prescribed Performance Control for Euler-Lagrange Sy...

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11th IEEE International Conference on Systems and Control, ICSC 2023

作者： Malli, Ioanna Vlachos, Christos Bechlioulis, Charalampos P. Kyriakopoulos, Kostas J. School of Mechanical Engineering National Technical University of Athens Greece University of Patras Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Greece New York University Engineering Division Center for Ai and Robotics Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates

ISBN: (纸本)9798350304886

This work introduces an optimal control policy aiming to stabilize an Euler-Lagrange system of unknown dynamics, while simultaneously satisfying predefined response criteria. The proposed methodology unfolds in two stages. In the initial phase, a neural network is trained online via an iterative process to capture the system's dynamics. Subsequently, in the second phase, by utilizing the acquired dynamics, a successive approximation algorithm is employed to derive a nearly optimal control law while taking into consideration prescribed performance specifications such as convergence speed and steady state error. Validation of our method is achieved through a simulated paradigm, confirming the success of both the identification process and the minimization of the adopted integral cost. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Dynamics

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Enhanced Soil Property Estimations from Earth Observation Data with Differential Evolution-Based Multi-Objective TSK Model 13

Enhanced Soil Property Estimations from Earth Observation Da...

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13th IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation, CEC 2024

作者： Tsakiridis, Nikolaos L. Samarinas, Nikiforos Kalopesa, Eleni Theocharis, John B. Zalidis, George C. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Spectra Lab Group Laboratory of Remote Sensing Spectroscopy and Gis Department of Agriculture Thessaloniki54124 Greece Aristotle University of Thessaloniki Automation and Robotics Laboratory Electrical and Computer Engineering Thessaloniki54124 Greece

ISBN: (纸本)9798350308365

This paper introduces a novel approach integrating Differential Evolution (DE) with multi-objective optimization techniques for enhancing Type-1 Takagi-Sugeno-Kang (TSK) fuzzy rule-based systems to attain both fair predictive performance and enhanced interpretability within the context of explainable artificial intelligence. The developed approach encodes the whole knowledge base into one chromosome and endeavors to concurrently optimize the prediction accuracy, the number of rules, and the selection of relevant input features. The methodology was tested on Earth observation data for the estimation of soil health parameters via infrared spectroscopy, and more concretely i) on the 2015 LUCAS topsoil dataset to predict three key soil properties (namely, soil organic carbon, clay content, and pH) from laboratory spectra, and ii) on a set of PRISMA hyperspectral images to predict soil organic carbon in a region of northern Greece. Compared to the classical Random Forest (RF) algorithm, our proposed learning algorithm attains a fair balance between accuracy and interpretability, and is statistically equivalent to RF in terms of accuracy. The findings underscore the potential of the proposed methodology in refining TSK models and its applicability in Earth observation-driven predictions, paving the way for both enhanced modeling accuracy and sparse feature selection. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Fuzzy rules

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Adaptive inter-intradomain alignment network with class-aware sampling strategy for rolling bearing fault diagnosis

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 2862-2870页

作者： GAO QinHe HUANG Tong ZHAO Ke SHAO HaiDong JIN Bo LIU ZhiHao WANG Dong National Key Discipline Laboratory of Armament Launch Theory&Technology Rocket Force University of EngineeringXi’an 710025China Key Laboratory of Road Construction Technology&Equipment Ministry of Education Chang’an UniversityXi’an 710054China College of Mechanical and Vehicle Engineering Hunan UniversityChangsha 410082China Institute of Systems and Robotics Department of Electrical and Computer EngineeringUniversity of CoimbraCoimbra 3030-290Portugal

Existing unsupervised domain adaptation approaches primarily focus on reducing the data distribution gap between the source and target domains,often neglecting the influence of class information,leading to inaccurate alignment *** by this observation,this paper proposes an adaptive inter-intra-domain discrepancy method to quantify the intra-class and inter-class discrepancies between the source and target ***,an adaptive factor is introduced to dynamically assess their relative *** upon the proposed adaptive inter-intradomain discrepancy approach,we develop an inter-intradomain alignment network with a class-aware sampling strategy(IDAN-CSS)to distill the feature *** classaware sampling strategy,integrated within IDAN-CSS,facilitates more efficient *** multiple transfer diagnosis cases,we comprehensively demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed IDAN-CSS model.

关键词： unsupervised domain adaptation inter-class domain discrepancy intra-class domain discrepancy class-aware sampling strategy

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