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arXiv 2023年

作者： Dutta, Shamak Wilde, Nils Smith, Stephen L. The Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada The Cognitive Robotics Department Delft University of Technology Netherlands

We consider a general form of the sensor scheduling problem for state estimation of linear dynamical systems, which involves selecting sensors that minimize the trace of the Kalman filter error covariance (weighted by a positive semidefinite matrix) subject to polyhedral constraints on the selected sensors. This general form captures several well-studied problems including sensor placement, sensor scheduling with budget constraints, and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control and sensing co-design. We present a mixed integer optimization approach that is derived by exploiting the optimality of the Kalman filter. While existing work has focused on approximate methods to specific problem variants, our work provides a unified approach to computing optimal solutions to the general version of sensor scheduling. In simulation, we show this approach finds optimal solutions for systems with 30 to 50 states in seconds. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Kalman filters

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Enhanced Robotic Vision System Based on Deep Learning and Image Fusion

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computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第10期73卷 1845-1861页

作者： E.A.Alabdulkreem Ahmed Sedik Abeer D.Algarni Ghada M.El Banby Fathi E.Abd El-Samie Naglaa F.Soliman Department of Computer Sciences College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia Department of the Robotics and Intelligent Machines Faculty of Artificial IntelligenceKafrelSheikh UniversityKafrelsheikh33511Egypt Department of Information Technology College of Computer and Information SciencesPrincess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman UniversityRiyadh84428Saudi Arabia Department of Industrial Electronics and Control Engineering Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department Electronics and Electrical Communications Faculty of Electronic EngineeringMenoufia UniversityMenouf32952Egypt Department of Electronics and Communications Faculty of EngineeringZagazig UniversityZagazig44519Egypt

Image fusion has become one of the interesting fields that attract researchers to integrate information from different image *** is involved in several *** of the recent applications is the robotic *** application necessitates image enhancement of both infrared(IR)and visible *** paper presents a Robot Human Interaction System(RHIS)based on image fusion and deep *** basic objective of this system is to fuse visual and IR images for efficient feature extraction from the captured ***,an enhancement model is carried out on the fused image to increase its *** image enhancement models such as fuzzy logic,Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and residual network(ResNet)pre-trained model are utilized on the fusion results and they are compared with each other and with the state-of-the-art *** results prove that the fuzzy logic enhancement gives the best results from the image quality ***,the proposed system can be considered as an efficient solution for the robotic vision problem with multi-modality images.

关键词： Deep learning fuzzy logic image fusion IR images

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A Unified Approach to Optimally Solving Sensor Scheduling and Sensor Selection Problems in Kalman Filtering

A Unified Approach to Optimally Solving Sensor Scheduling an...

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IEEE Conference on Decision and Control

作者： Shamak Dutta Nils Wilde Stephen L. Smith Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Waterloo Canada Cognitive Robotics Department Delft University of Technology Netherlands

We consider a general form of the sensor scheduling problem for state estimation of linear dynamical systems, which involves selecting sensors that minimize the trace of the Kalman filter error covariance (weighted by a positive semidefinite matrix) subject to polyhedral constraints. This general form captures several well-studied problems including sensor placement, sensor scheduling with budget constraints, and Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) control and sensing co-design. We present a mixed integer optimization approach that is derived by exploiting the optimality of the Kalman filter. While existing work has focused on approximate methods to specific problem variants, our work provides a unified approach to computing optimal solutions to the general version of sensor scheduling. In simulation, we show this approach finds optimal solutions for systems with 30 to 50 states in seconds.

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Maintaining Visibility of Dynamic Objects in Cluttered Environments Using Mobile Manipulators and Vector Field Inequalities

Maintaining Visibility of Dynamic Objects in Cluttered Envir...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Fatih Dursun Bruno Vilhena Adorno Simon Watson Wei Pan Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Manchester Centre for Robotics and AI University of Manchester UK Department of Computer Science

Vision-based perception has become prevalent in robotic applications, especially in those where the control loop relies on visual data, such as visual servoing. For those applications, ensuring that the features or target object remain visible to the camera is critical, necessitating visibility-aware control. In this paper, we propose a method to guarantee the visibility of a dynamic object using a constrained kinematic controller and Vector Field Inequalities (VFIs) to include a linear visibility constraint. Unlike existing methods, we introduce constraints into the kinematic controller to ensure the target's visibility without needing a trajectory optimizer or local planner. Our method maintains the target object in the camera field of view (FoV) by representing the FoV with four infinite planes and maintaining the distance between the target object and each plane higher than a predefined distance. We evaluated the proposed approach using a mobile manipulator in two simulations involving cluttered environments: the first scenario involves a stationary target object, whereas the second scenario presents a more challenging workspace involving a moving target. Our results demonstrate that the proposed approach successfully maintains the target within the FoV while avoiding obstacles in the workspace, showing the potential of our method to improve the safety and reliability of visual-servoing-based robotic systems.

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FRAME: A Modular Framework for Autonomous Map Merging: Advancements in the Field

IEEE Transactions on Field Robotics

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IEEE Transactions on Field robotics 2024年 1卷 1-26页

作者： Nikolaos Stathoulopoulos Björn Lindqvist Anton Koval Ali-Akbar Agha-Mohammadi George Nikolakopoulos Department of Computer Electrical and Space Engineering Robotics and AI Group Luleå University of Technology Luleå Sweden Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena CA USA

In this article, a novel approach for merging 3-D point cloud maps in the context of egocentric multirobot exploration is presented. Unlike traditional methods, the proposed approach leverages state-of-the-art place recognition and learned descriptors to efficiently detect overlap between maps, eliminating the need for the time-consuming global feature extraction and feature matching process. The estimated overlapping regions are used to calculate a homogeneous rigid transform, which serves as an initial condition for the general iterative closest point (GICP) point cloud registration algorithm to refine the alignment between the maps. The advantages of this approach include faster processing time, improved accuracy, and increased robustness in challenging environments. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed framework is successfully demonstrated through multiple field missions of robot exploration in a variety of different underground environments.

关键词： Robots Point cloud compression Feature extraction Three-dimensional displays Robot sensing systems Robot kinematics Accuracy

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Customizable Perturbation Synthesis for Robust SLAM Benchmarking

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Xu, Xiaohao Zhang, Tianyi Wang, Sibo Li, Xiang Chen, Yongqi Li, Ye Raj, Bhiksha Johnson-Roberson, Matthew Huang, Xiaonan Department of Robotics University of Michigan Ann Arbor United States Robotics Institute Carnegie Mellon University United States Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Carnegie Mellon University United States

Robustness is a crucial factor for the successful deployment of robots in unstructured environments, particularly in the domain of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM). Simulation-based benchmarks have emerged as a highly scalable approach for robustness evaluation compared to real-world data collection. However, crafting a challenging and controllable noisy world with diverse perturbations remains relatively under-explored. To this end, we propose a novel, customizable pipeline for noisy data synthesis, aimed at assessing the resilience of multi-modal SLAM models against various perturbations. This pipeline incorporates customizable hardware setups, software components, and perturbed environments. In particular, we introduce comprehensive perturbation taxonomy along with a perturbation composition toolbox, allowing the transformation of clean simulations into challenging noisy environments. Utilizing the pipeline, we instantiate the Robust-SLAM benchmark, which includes diverse perturbation types, to evaluate the risk tolerance of existing advanced multi-modal SLAM models. Our extensive analysis uncovers the susceptibilities of existing SLAM models to real-world disturbance, despite their demonstrated accuracy in standard benchmarks. Our perturbation synthesis toolbox, SLAM robustness evaluation pipeline, and Robust-SLAM benchmark will be made publicly available at https://***/Xiaohao-Xu/SLAM-under-Perturbation/. © 2024, CC BY-NC-SA.

关键词： Pipelines

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Sailing Through Point Clouds: Safe Navigation Using Point Cloud Based Control Barrier Functions

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dai, Bolun Khorrambakht, Rooholla Krishnamurthy, Prashanth Khorrami, Farshad Control/Robotics Research Laboratory Electrical & Computer Engineering Department Tandon School of Engineering New York University BrooklynNY11201 United States

The capability to navigate safely in an unstructured environment is crucial when deploying robotic systems in real-world scenarios. Recently, control barrier function (CBF) based approaches have been highly effective in synthesizing safety-critical controllers. In this work, we propose a novel CBF-based local planner comprised of two components: Vessel and Mariner. The Vessel is a novel scaling factor based CBF formulation that synthesizes CBFs using only point cloud data. The Mariner is a CBF-based preview control framework that is used to mitigate getting stuck in spurious equilibria during navigation. To demonstrate the efficacy of our proposed approach, we first compare the proposed point cloud based CBF formulation with other point cloud based CBF formulations. Then, we demonstrate the performance of our proposed approach and its integration with global planners using experimental studies on the Unitree B1 and Unitree Go2 quadruped robots in various environments. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Robot programming

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Self-Righting Shell for Robotic Hexapod

Self-Righting Shell for Robotic Hexapod

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IEEE International Conference on robotics and Automation (ICRA)

作者： Katelyn King Shai Revzen Department of Biomedical Engineering Robotics Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Michigan Ann Arbor

ISBN: (数字)9798350384574

ISBN: (纸本)9798350384581

Decimeter scale robots in human environments are small relative to obstacles they encounter, making them prone to flipping over and needing to self-right. We present a multifaceted shell that by its geometry alone enables the hexapedal robot MediumANT to passively self-right without the need for additional sensory feedback. We designed the shell by specifying the cross-sectional geometry in the yz and xy planes such that the robot returns to an upright position by rolling around the longitudinal (x) axis, and then tweaked the design to reduce the number of faces. We then attached the shell to the robot by modifying some of its chassis structural plates to extend to and support the shell. We evaluated the effectiveness of the shell in two experimental scenarios: passive righting – balancing the robot on each face of the shell before releasing the robot – and an intentional fall – walking the robot off a ledge at various approach angles. As intended by our design, the robot recovered the upright orientation from all starting faces in the passive righting test and righted itself and continued walking in all falling trials. This work presents an example of using biologically inspired simplicity to solve what would otherwise be a technically challenging problem.

关键词： Legged locomotion Geometry Structural plates Robot sensing systems Biology Faces

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AGVs vs AMRs: A Comparative Study of Fleet Performance and Flexibility

AGVs vs AMRs: A Comparative Study of Fleet Performance and F...

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Iberian robotics Conference (ROBOT)

作者： Rita Tomé Silva Marina Brilhante Héber Sobreira Diogo Matos Pedro Costa Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Faculty of Engineering of the University of Porto Porto Portugal Centre of Robotics in Industry and Intelligent Systems INESC TEC Porto Portugal

ISBN: (数字)9798350376364

ISBN: (纸本)9798350376371

Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs) and Automated Guided Vehicles (AGVs) have emerged as key innovations in the industry world, with AMRs offering flexibility a nd adaptability for dynamic environments, while AGVs provide high accuracy for repetitive tasks; thus, this research proposes a study of fleets of both AGVs and AMRs to enhance productivity and efficiency in industrial settings. Several tests were performed where the duration of a mission, the success and collision rate, and the average number of disputes per mission were analyzed in order to obtain results. In conclusion, while AGVs tend to be more reliable and consistent in task completion, AMRs offer greater flexibility a nd speed.

关键词： Productivity Technological innovation Remotely guided vehicles Navigation Scalability Path planning Mobile robots Reliability Vehicle dynamics Autonomous robots

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SwarmPRM: Probabilistic Roadmap Motion Planning for Large-Scale Swarm Robotic Systems

SwarmPRM: Probabilistic Roadmap Motion Planning for Large-Sc...

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IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS)

作者： Yunze Hu Xuru Yang Kangjie Zhou Qinghang Liu Kang Ding Han Gao Pingping Zhu Chang Liu Department of Advanced Manufacturing and Robotics College of Engineering Peking University Beijing China Department of Computer Sciences and Electrical Engineering (CSEE) Marshall University Huntington WV USA

ISBN: (数字)9798350377705

ISBN: (纸本)9798350377712

Large-scale swarm robotic systems consisting of numerous cooperative agents show considerable promise for performing autonomous tasks across various sectors. Nonetheless, traditional motion planning approaches often face a trade-off between scalability and solution quality due to the exponential growth of the joint state space of robots. In response, this work proposes SwarmPRM, a hierarchical, scalable, computationally efficient, and risk-aware sampling-based motion planning approach for large-scale swarm robots. SwarmPRM utilizes a Gaussian Mixture Model (GMM) to represent the swarm’s macroscopic state and constructs a Probabilistic Roadmap in Gaussian space, referred to as the Gaussian roadmap, to generate a transport trajectory of GMM. This trajectory is then followed by each robot at the microscopic stage. To enhance trajectory safety, SwarmPRM incorporates the conditional value-at-risk (CVaR) in the collision checking process to impart the property of risk awareness to the constructed Gaussian roadmap. SwarmPRM then crafts a linear programming formulation to compute the optimal GMM transport trajectory within this roadmap. Extensive simulations demonstrate that SwarmPRM outperforms state-of-the-art methods in computational efficiency, scalability, and trajectory quality while offering the capability to adjust the risk tolerance of generated trajectories.

关键词： Scalability Simulation Swarm robotics Probabilistic logic Linear programming Trajectory Planning Computational efficiency Safety Collision avoidance

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