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Development and Evaluation of a Cost-effective IMU System for Gait Analysis: Comparison with Vicon and VideoPose3D Algorithms

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Current Directions in Biomedical engineering 2023年第1期9卷 254-257页

作者： Wilhelm, Nikolas Haddadin, Sami Micheler, Carina M. Lang, Jan J. Hinterwimmer, Florian Schaack, Victor Smits, Ricardo Burgkart, Rainer Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics Klinikum Rechts der Isar School of Medicine and Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Munich Institute of Robotics and Machine Intelligence Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Technical University of Munich Munich Germany Department of Orthopedics and Sports Orthopedics Klinikum Rechts der Isar School of Medicine Munich Germany

This study aimed to develop and evaluate a costeffective Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) system for gait analysis, comparing its performance with the Vicon system and the VideoPose3D algorithm. The system comprises five calibrated sensors and a mobile app to measure lower body orientation during gait and stair climbing. Eight healthy participants were involved in the experiment, each performing ten repetitions to analyze hip and knee flexion angles. The IMU system demonstrated significantly lower mean square error than deep learning-based approaches and comparable results to the Vicon system, indicating its potential for clinical and research applications. © 2023 the author(s), published by Walter de Gruyter Berlin/Boston.

关键词： Gait analysis

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Preprocessing Taste Data for Deep Neural Networks 14

Preprocessing Taste Data for Deep Neural Networks

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14th International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence, ICTC 2023

作者： Lee, Hyunjong Jung, Han Hee Kwak, Jeongho Yea, Junwoo Choi, Jihwan P. Jang, Kyung-In Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daegu Korea Republic of Dgist Department of Robotics and Mechatronics Engineering Daegu Korea Republic of Dgist Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Daegu Korea Republic of Department of Aerospace Engineering Dajeon Korea Republic of

ISBN: (纸本)9798350313277

Analyzing wine using taste data is a promising field due to the explosive expansion of online commerce. However, because of the wide variety of wine types with different flavors and aromas, it is difficult for consumers to choose the wine that suits their taste, and also difficult for sellers to recommend appropriate wines to consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to numerically analyze and classify wine, and a deep learning algorithm which mimics the human brain is appropriate for analyzing the wine data [1]. In this paper, we introduce several studies of wine classification using deep learning architectures and propose preprocessing methods for applying the taste data of wine to deep learning networks. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： data augmentation deep learning preprocessing taste classification taste sensor wine

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Computational Approach for Automated Segmentation and Classification of Region of Interest in Lateral Breast Thermograms

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computers, Materials & Continua 2024年第9期80卷 4749-4765页

作者： Dennies Tsietso Abid Yahya Ravi Samikannu Basit Qureshi Muhammad Babar Department of Electrical Computer and Telecommunications EngineeringBotswana International University of Science and TechnologyPalapyePrivate Bag 16Botswana College of Computer and Information Sciences Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet of Things Lab Prince Sultan UniversityRiyadh11586Saudi Arabia

Breast cancer is one of the major health issues with high mortality rates and a substantial impact on patients and healthcare systems *** computer-Aided Diagnosis(CAD)tools,based on breast thermograms,have been developed for early detection of this ***,accurately segmenting the Region of Interest(ROI)fromthermograms remains *** paper presents an approach that leverages image acquisition protocol parameters to identify the lateral breast region and estimate its bottomboundary using a second-degree *** proposed method demonstrated high efficacy,achieving an impressive Jaccard coefficient of 86%and a Dice index of 92%when evaluated against manually created ground *** features were extracted from each view’s ROI,with significant features selected via Mutual Information for training Multi-Layer Perceptron(MLP)and K-Nearest Neighbors(KNN)*** findings revealed that the MLP classifier outperformed the KNN,achieving an accuracy of 86%,a specificity of 100%,and an Area Under the Curve(AUC)of *** consistency of the method across both sides of the breast suggests its viability as an auto-segmentation ***,the classification results suggests that lateral views of breast thermograms harbor valuable features that can significantly aid in the early detection of breast cancer.

关键词： Breast cancer CAD machine learning ROI segmentation thermography

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Cybersecurity advancements for medical image transmission: a hybrid optical-based cryptosystem harnessing chaos, DNA sequences, and mandelbrot keys

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-41页

作者： Alalwan, Nasser El-Shafai, Walid Amoon, Mohammed Benjdira, Bilel Department of Computer and Communication Engineering King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia Prince Sultan University Riyadh11586 Saudi Arabia Robotics and Internet-of-Things Laboratory Prince Sultan University Riyadh12435 Saudi Arabia Department of Electronics and Electrical Communications Engineering Faculty of Electronic Engineering Menoufia University Menouf32952 Egypt

In today's advanced technological age, characterized by innovations like big data processing, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), there is a rising utilization of medical multimedia data, especially medical images. These images, integral to the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT), necessitate secure transmission due to the increasing risks of unauthorized breaches and tampering. Current security methods, especially for cloud and mobile platforms, often struggle with challenges related to processing capacity, memory use, data size, and energy, making them ill-suited for extensive medical data or resource-limited environments. To address these challenges, this study introduces a novel hybrid cryptosystem, drawing on the unique qualities of the optical Arnold chaotic map, DNA (DeoxyriboNucleic Acid) sequences, and Mandelbrot keys, providing a fortified approach to the secure streaming of medical images. The proposed framework operates via a precise and structured procedure. It begins by applying the optical Arnold chaotic map cipher to each of the three-color channels (R, G, and B) within a medical image. This is followed by overlaying DNA encoding sequences on the resultant encrypted image from the earlier ciphering phase. Leveraging this groundwork, we incorporate an advanced Mandelbrot set-driven shift mechanism specifically designed to create complex confusion patterns within the R, G, and B segments of the encrypted medical imagery. The efficacy of the proposed cryptosystem is rigorously substantiated through an extensive array of simulations supported by a comprehensive security analysis. The results highlight its unparalleled resilience and security capabilities in the realm of medical image encryption, marking a significant leap over previous systems in the literature. Essentially, our work pioneers a solution to a pressing challenge in medical image security, ensuring enhanced protection of delicate health data among the rapidly evolving advanc

关键词： Cybersecurity

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Reducing the Computational Cost of Transformers for Person Re-identification

Reducing the Computational Cost of Transformers for Person R...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2023

作者： Wang, Wen Lin, Zheyuan Ji, Shanshan Li, Te Gu, Jason Wan, Minhong Zhang, Chunlong Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Zhejiang Lab Zhejiang Engineering Research Center for Intelligent Robotics Hangzhou311100 China Dalhousie University Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Canada

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325706

Transformer-based visual technologies have witnessed remarkable progress in recent years, and person re-identification (ReID) is one of the active research areas that adopts transformers to improve the performance. However, a major challenge of applying transformers to ReID is the high computational cost, which hinders the real-time deployment of such methods. To address this issue, this paper proposes two simple yet effective techniques to reduce the computation of transformers for ReID. The first technique is to eliminate the invalid patches that do not contain any person information, thereby reducing the number of tokens fed into the transformer. Considering that computational complexity is quadratic with respect to input tokens, the second technique partitions the image into multiple windows, applies separate transformers to each window, and merges class tokens from each window, which can reduce the complexity of the self-attention mechanism. By combining these two techniques, our proposed method reduces the SOTA baseline model by 12.2% FLOPs, while slightly improving the rank-1 accuracy and only sacrificing 1.1% mAP on DukeMTMC-ReID dataset. © 2023 IEEE.

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Exploring the trade-off between deep-learning and explainable models for brain-machine interfaces 38

Exploring the trade-off between deep-learning and explainabl...

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38th Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems, NeurIPS 2024

作者： Cubillos, Luis H. Revach, Guy Mender, Matthew J. Costello, Joseph T. Temmar, Hisham Hite, Aren Zutshi, Diksha Wallace, Dylan M. Ni, Xiaoyong Kelberman, Madison M. Willsey, Matthew S. van Sloun, Ruud J.G. Shlezinger, Nir Patil, Parag Draelos, Anne Chestek, Cynthia A. Departments of Electrical & Computer Engineering Biomedical Engineering Robotics Computational Medicine & Bioinformatics and Neurosurgery University of Michigan United States Biointerfaces Institute Neuroscience Institute University of Michigan United States Department of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering ETH Zürich Switzerland Department of Electrical Engineering Eindhoven University of Technology Netherlands School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Ben-Gurion University Israel

People with brain or spinal cord-related paralysis often need to rely on others for basic tasks, limiting their independence. A potential solution is brain-machine interfaces (BMIs), which could allow them to voluntarily control external devices (e.g., robotic arm) by decoding brain activity to movement commands. In the past decade, deep-learning decoders have achieved state-of-the-art results in most BMI applications, ranging from speech production to finger control. However, the'black-box' nature of deep-learning decoders could lead to unexpected behaviors, resulting in major safety concerns in real-world physical control scenarios. In these applications, explainable but lower-performing decoders, such as the Kalman filter (KF), remain the norm. In this study, we designed a BMI decoder based on KalmanNet, an extension of the KF that augments its operation with recurrent neural networks to compute the Kalman gain. This results in a varying "trust" that shifts between inputs and dynamics. We used this algorithm to predict finger movements from the brain activity of two monkeys. We compared KalmanNet results offline (pre-recorded data, n = 13 days) and online (real-time predictions, n = 5 days) with a simple KF and two recent deep-learning algorithms: tcFNN (non-ReFIT version) and LSTM. KalmanNet achieved comparable or better results than other deep learning models in offline and online modes, relying on the dynamical model for stopping while depending more on neural inputs for initiating movements. We further validated this mechanism by implementing a heteroscedastic KF that used the same strategy, and it also approached state-of-the-art performance while remaining in the explainable domain of standard KFs. However, we also see two downsides to KalmanNet. KalmanNet shares the limited generalization ability of existing deep-learning decoders, and its usage of the KF as an inductive bias limits its performance in the presence of unseen noise distributions. Despite thi

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Comparative analysis of navigation algorithms for mobile robot

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Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing 2024年第12期15卷 3861-3871页

作者： Heng, Han Ghazali, Mohamad Hazwan Mohd Rahiman, Wan School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Penang Nibong Tebal14300 Malaysia Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Penang Nibong Tebal14300 Malaysia Daffodil Robotics Lab Department of Computer Science and Engineering Daffodil International University Dhaka1216 Bangladesh

Various applications, including space exploration, transportation, factories, and the military, demand the presence of mobile robots. In those applications, navigation algorithms are essential for enabling mobile robots to operate efficiently and safely in static and dynamic environments. Due to the numerous navigation algorithms available, choosing a suitable and robust one for a specific mobile robot application can be challenging. Therefore, there is a pressing need to conduct a comparative analysis to evaluate the performance and adaptability of different navigation algorithms. This article presents a comparative study of five distinct algorithms in the domain of path planning, which are rapidly random tree (RRT), A*, genetic algorithm (GA), ant colony optimization (ACO), and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The investigation was conducted on three distinct maps, and the strengths and weaknesses of each algorithm are demonstrated. Findings show that increasing the step distance and number of iteration parameters will result in an increase in the planning time. Consequently, the obtained path lengths are also reduced except for the PSO algorithm. Findings show that in the three different environments considered in this paper, the GA exhibits better performance, where a 90% reduction in the planning time is achieved while obtaining the same path length as the A* algorithm, which is the shortest path. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Particle swarm optimization (PSO)

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computer Vision-Based Hydroponic Lettuce Contour and Area Recognition System

Computer Vision-Based Hydroponic Lettuce Contour and Area Re...

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2023 International Conference on electrical engineering and Informatics, ICEEI 2023

作者： Pranowo, Samuel Raymond Sukra, Zener Lie Asy'ari, Muhammad Zacky Paryasto, Marisa Binus Aso School of Engineering Bina Nusantara University Automotive and Robotics Program Computer Engineering Department Jakarta Indonesia Telkom University Computer Engineering Program Electrical Engineering Department Bandung Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350381290

Agriculture is a vital industry for the people of Indonesia, but there are several obstacles, including limited space in urban areas and inefficient conventional sorting and harvesting methods. Using computer vision to choose hydroponic lettuce that is ready to be harvested and a robotic arm to bring the selected lettuce yields, the produced system aims to solve this problem. The system's computer vision algorithms include color space conversion, intensity transformation, and an algorithm for following borders. This project's research methodology combines a quantitative approach with an experimental approach, which consists of conducting several trials on the built system. Several trials demonstrated that the computer vision software was able to accomplish the specified objectives. The average success rate of the developed computer vision system is 93%, while the average success rate of the robot arm is 85%. © 2023 IEEE.

关键词： Lettuce

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An 8-bit Quantized Globalization Model for Cat Skin Disease Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks and TensorFlow Lite

An 8-bit Quantized Globalization Model for Cat Skin Disease ...

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2024 International Conference on Information Technology and Computing, ICITCOM 2024

作者： Trinanda Putra, Karisma Zidni, Hasan Turrizka, Rifdha Chu, Hsueh-Ting Vu, Dinh-Trung Prayitno Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Department of Electrical Engineering Center of Artificial Intelligence and Robotics Studies Bantul Indonesia Institut Teknologi Bandung Department of Electrical Engineering Bandung Indonesia Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta Department of Electrical Engineering Bantul Indonesia Asia University Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Taichung Taiwan Semarang State Polytechnic Department of Electrical Engineering Semarang Indonesia

ISBN: (纸本)9798350379839

Skin diseases are health issues that can be experienced by pets and potentially be transmitted from wild animals. However, current prediction systems predominantly rely on complex calculations that necessitate high computational power, making them challenging to deploy on mobile applications. Therefore, this study aims to optimize a skin disease detection system based on convolutional neural networks (CNN) using datasets from both wild and domestic cats. The quantized globalization model is a modified ResNet50 converted with TensorFlow Lite. This 8-bit quantization is necessary to develop a lightweight deep learning model that could operate on low-computational power units, such as smartphone or 8-bit edge computing devices. This study utilized a dataset comprising 343 images, categorized into six classes: five classes of diseases (abscesses, mange, ringworm, skin cancer, dermatitis) and one class for healthy skin. Next, the dataset was augmented to increase data variation and quantity. Subsequently, the dataset was trained on the ResNet-50 model and then converted to TensorFlow Lite with 8-bit integer data type. Finally, the quantized globalization model was validated using a separate 20% of the dataset. The validation results yielded an accuracy score of 0.930, a precision of 0.908, a recall of 0.902, and an F1-score of 0.903. Additionally, there was a significant 74.7% reduction in model size compared to the non-quantized version, demonstrating the efficiency and effectiveness of the quantization process in maintaining performance while substantially decreasing the computational resource requirements. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Memory Enabled Segmentation of Terrain for Traversability based Reactive Navigation

Memory Enabled Segmentation of Terrain for Traversability ba...

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2023 IEEE International Conference on robotics and Biomimetics, ROBIO 2023

作者： Saucedo, Mario A.V. Patel, Akash Kanellakis, Christoforos Nikolakopoulos, George Luleå University of Technology Robotics & Ai Team Department of Computer Electrical and Space Engineering LuleåSE-97187 Sweden

ISBN: (纸本)9798350325706

This article presents a novel 2D traversability image estimation for local reactive navigation, that attributes the fusion of a novel Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for coarse semantic segmentation on terrain roughness, with surface geometric normals. The proposed segmentation model consists of a U-Net based Encoder-Decoder architecture with a MobileNet V3 Large backbone for real-time performance. At the bottom layer, the bottleneck block commonly found in a U-Net has been enhanced with an Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling (ASPP) block. In addition, a SEResNet based decoder instead of the classical stacked convolution blocks of U-Net has been implemented, while a concatenation layer has been added at the output. Moreover, the development of a novel memory module to dynamically update the semantic segmentation image based on certainty heat maps is also shown. The efficacy of the proposed scheme has been evaluated in real-life environments such as indoors, outdoors and subterranean (SubT) environments on a Pioneer 3AT mobile robot. © 2023 IEEE.

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