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Structure–Property Relationships of Epoxidized Natural rubber Vulcanizates

Journal of Macromolecular Science, Part B: Physics 2022年第12期61卷 1517-1534页

作者： Hayeemasae, Nabil Soontaranon, Siriwat Thainiramit, Panu Masa, Abdulhakim Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Pattani Thailand Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Pattani Thailand Synchrotron Light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Faculty of Science Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Thailand

The effects of epoxide content on the microstructure and characteristics of epoxidized natural rubber (ENR) were examined. Self-crosslinking between epoxide groups possibly occurred during the vulcanization, with C–O–C linkages in the ENR. Depending on the epoxide level, the self-crosslinking in ENR improved the maximum torque, overall crosslink density (CD) and stability at elevated temperature of the rubber. With increasing epoxide content, the moduli and tensile strengthes of the ENR also increased. The highest tensile strength was achieved at 25 mol% epoxide, exceeding that of crosslinked NR by 46%. The self-crosslinking also facilitated strain-induced crystallization (SIC), reducing the onset strain of crystallization and increasing the degree of crystallinity. Even though increased epoxide content in the NR made the crosslink network distribution less homogeneous, the CD increased so much that the thermomechanical and mechanical characteristics of ENR were improved. The C–O–C linkages from ENR self-crosslinking were also sufficient to boost the thermal stability, complementing the conventional sulfide links. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.

关键词： rubber

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Mechanical structure behavior of a double carcass floating hose under tensile load 33rd

Mechanical structure behavior of a double carcass floating h...

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33rd International Ocean and Polar engineering Conference, ISOPE 2023

作者： Gao, Songlin An, Chen Wei, Daifeng Li, Youan Estefen, Segen F. Yang, Renjie College of Safety and Ocean Engineering China University of Petroleum-Beijing Beijing China Heibei Jingxian Zebang Rubber Technology Co. Ltd Hengshui China Ocean Engineering Program COPPE Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro Rio de JaneiroCP 68508 Brazil

ISBN: (纸本)9781880653807

The double carcass rubber vulcanized bonded floating hose is widely used for oil and gas transportation between platforms and shuttle tankers. The tensile load is one of the main loads of the floating hose, and the tensile stiffness is an important design index parameter of the floating hose. Compared with the single carcass floating hose, it is difficult to analyze the local structural mechanical response of the double carcass floating hose under tensile load because the overall deformation of the double carcass floating hose is large and the wall structure is more complex. In this paper, a nonlinear mechanical finite element model was created by the commercial finite element software. Based on Embedded technology, cord layer and spiral steel layer were embedded as the skeleton layer of double carcass floating hose. The stress and strain trends of the hose helix reinforcement and the tension of the cord layer under tensile load were analyzed, and the accuracy of the numerical model was verified by comparing the tensile test results of the full-size double carcass floating hose. The influence of pressure and no pressure on the tensile properties of floating hoses was studied, and a prediction formula for the tensile stiffness of double carcass floating hoses was proposed. The research results can better predict the structural response of the hose under tensile load and provide guidance for the structural design of the hose to improve the service life of the floating hose. © 2023 by the International Society of Offshore and Polar Engineers (ISOPE).

关键词： Hose

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Influence of Preparation Method on Properties of Natural rubber/Sepiolite Composites 1

Influence of Preparation Method on Properties of Natural Rub...

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1st International Conference on Material Processing and technology, ICMProTech 2021

作者： Jitsopin, Patiwarada Masa, Abdulhakim Hayeemasae, Nabil Rasidi, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Songkhla Hat Yai90110 Thailand Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Pattani 94000 Thailand Perlis 01000 Malaysia Perlis 01000 Malaysia

Natural rubber (NR) composites filled with various sepiolite loadings were prepared and optimized by two different mixing methods, namely, melt mixing and latex mixing methods. The properties were evaluated through viscosity, stress relaxation, curing behaviors and tensile properties of rubber composites. The viscosity was influenced by sepiolite content and mixing methods. The greater interaction between rubber and sepiolite was obtained from melt mixing method. This reflected to the greater tensile strength found in this method. Considering the content of sepiolite, similar trend was observed for the curing properties and elongation at break. The greatest tensile strength was observed when the sepiloite content was at 1 phr. © 2021 Institute of Physics Publishing. All rights reserved.

关键词： rubber

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Silane-coupled kenaf fiber filled thermoplastic elastomer based on recycled high density polyethylene/natural rubber blends

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Polimeros 2021年第2期31卷

作者： Viet, Cao Xuan Ismail, Hanafi Masa, Abdulhakim Hayeemasae, Nabil Department of Polymer Materials Faculty of Materials Technology Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology - HCMUT Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam School of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering Universiti Sains Malaysia Engineering Campus Nibong Tebal Penang Malaysia Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Pattani Thailand

A silane coupling agent, namely γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APS), was used to modify kenaf powder (KP). It was then used as filler in a thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) based on Recycled High Density Polyethylene/Natural rubber Blends (rHDPE/NR). The attachment of silane onto KP was verified by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), while the performance of the TPE was assessed in terms of mechanical and thermal properties. The results revealed that specific functional groups of APS were efficiently grafted onto the KP. Tensile strength was improved by the modification with silane and this also affected Young's modulus of the TPE. Also, improved thermal stability was confirmed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), as the degradation temperature increased upon inclusion of silane. These effects are attributed to improved compatibility of the KP and rHDPE/NR blend. Such compatibilizing effect was confirmed by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) that indicated significantly increased crystallinity after the modification with silane. © 2021 Associacao Brasileira de Polimeros. All rights reserved.

关键词： rubber

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ensile and structural properties of natural rubber vulcanizates with different mastication times

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Polimeros 2021年第1期31卷

作者： Hayeemasae, Nabil Soontaranon, Siriwat Rasidi, Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Masa, Abdulhakim Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Thailand Research Unit of Advanced Elastomeric Materials and Innovations for BCG Economy Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Thailand Synchrotron Light Research Institute Nakhon Ratchasima Thailand Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis Perlis Malaysia Perlis Malaysia Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand

Mastication reduced the molecular weight of natural rubber (NR). This would affect the tensile properties and straininduced crystallization of the rubber vulcanizates due to the structural changes of the rubber molecules. In this study, influences of mastication time on tensile response, deformation-induced crystallization, and structural effects of crosslinked NR were investigated. The crystallization behavior and structural changes during stretching were studied by means of wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Increased mastication time significantly affected modulus at specified strain and upturn point of strain-induced crystallization of the crosslinked samples while the tensile strength was influenced slightly by mastication. During stretching, degree of crystallinity at given strain was found to decrease with increasing mastication time, while the crystallite size was reduced. Moreover, the size of crosslinked network structures induced by crosslinking also decreased slightly with increasing mastication time, as suggested by SAXS measurement. © 2021 Associacao Brasileira de Polimeros. All rights reserved.

关键词： rubber

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The adsorption of remazol red dye using porous activated carbon (PAC) from rice husk ash treated using alkali treatment

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2883卷

作者： Nurul Izzati Muhamad Zakir Zunaida Zakaria Hakimah Osman Abdulhakim Masa Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Perlis Malaysia. Geopolymer & Green Technology Centre of Excellence (CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Perlis Malaysia. Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand.

This research investigated the adsorption of 50 mg/L of Remazol Red (RR) dye using porous activated carbon (PAC) prepared from rice husk ash (RHA) via alkali treatment. Two type of alkali were used, namely sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and potassium hydroxide (KOH), with four different concentrations (0.5 M, 1.0 M, 1.5 M and 2.0 M) using without any mechanical agitation. This study is significant as it used shorter processing time and lower temperature during the preparation of PAC compared to conventional treatment using furnace with higher processing temperature and longer time. The PAC was prepared by mixing RHA into the alkali solution (NaOH and KOH) for 2 hours and then washed using distilled water until the pH became neutral. The adsorption test was conducted using RR dye for 6 hours, tested using UV spectrophotometer and characterized using SEM, EDX and FTIR. Results showed that 1.0 Na-PAC had a higher adsorption percentage of 84% dye removal at 360 minutes, while 2.0 K-PAC had79% dye removal. It can be concluded that Na-PAC has a higher removal percentage of RR dye at different concentrations than K-PAC.

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Carbon Footprint and Carbon Stock Volume for Para rubber Production in Southern Part of Thailand

Carbon Footprint and Carbon Stock Volume for Para Rubber Pro...

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Energy and Sustainable Development

作者： Tanate Chaichana Saowalak Thongdee Worawan Pechurai School of Renewable Energy Maejo University Chiangmai Thailand Program in Rubber and polymer technology Engineering and Agro-industry Maejo University Chiangmai Thailand

ISBN: (数字)9781728183343

ISBN: (纸本)9781728183350

Para rubber product as it is one of the main exported products from Thailand. There are mostly planted areas in the southern and northeastern part of the country. This research emphasized on the assessment of carbon footprint and carbon stock from rubber trees. The comparison will be made between the production of latex and rubber cup lumps. The assessment was conducted from transportation, soil preparation, plantation, cultivations, rubber tappers and cut down the process. The study area in southern covered 13 provinces (excluding Songkhla province) was conducted on 740 farms with 9,126 Rai (1 Rai=1,600 m 2 ). The results showed that the average carbon footprint of latex and rubber cup lump produced in southern area was 0.77 and 0.81 kg CO 2-eq /kg, respectively. For latex and rubber cup lumps, the major share of the GHGs emission was contributed by the cultivations and harvest processing follow by cut down. The total CO 2-eq stock are 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 years old rubber trees were 11,638.26, 17,288.94, 24,967.15, 29,805.35 and 32,292.98 kg CO 2-eq /Rai, respectively. Therefore, rubber tree can reduce CO 2 emissions 4,592.09 - 19,480.97 kg CO 2 /Rai it depends on the product.

关键词： rubber Vegetation Carbon dioxide Greenhouse effect Carbon footprint Carbon Biomass

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Effect of activating agent on porous activated carbon in alginate macrobeads for removal of remazol red dye

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2991卷

作者： Nurul Izzati Muhamad Zakir Zunaida Zakaria Hakimah Osman Hafiza Shukor Abdulhakim Masa Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence Geopolymer & Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia Perlis 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization Universiti Malaysia Perlis 02600 Arau Perlis Malaysia Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University 90110 Hat Yai Songkhla Thailand

Alginate macrobeads filled with porous activated carbon (PAC) treated using different types of chemical activating agents were prepared in this study. Rice husk ash (RHA) was treated using five types of chemicals, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH), potassium hydroxide (KOH), zinc chloride (ZnCl2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and citric acid, at a low temperature (∼80°C) for 2 hours to produce PAC with high porosity and compared to the conventional process using furnace with a high processing temperature. A biopolymer, namely sodium alginate, was used to hold the PAC powder to produce an immobilized structure of PAC in macrobeads form. Adsorption of remazol red (RR) dye using macrobeads was measured using UV-spectrophotometer, while the morphology and composition of PAC were observed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), respectively. The functional groups of PAC were identified using attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR). The results indicated that the alkali treated PAC successfully removed up to ∼99% of the dye in 120 minutes, while the acid treated PAC could only remove ∼30% the dye at the same time. This demonstrated that alkaline treatment produced PAC with higher porosity structure and the PAC produced using NaOH has high adsorption of RR dye.

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Mechanical properties of poly-(hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate)/natural rubber/cellulose nanocrystal (PHBV/NR/CNC) nanocomposites prepared by using two-roll mill method

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AIP Conference Proceedings 2024年第1期2883卷

作者： K. C. Lim N. A. S. A. Halim S. N. S. Mahamud A. F. Osman M. H. M. Pisal A. Masa Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) Arau Perlis 02600 Malaysia. Biomedical and Nanotechnology Research Group Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia Perlis 01000 Kangar Perlis Malaysia. Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization (CoEBU) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 01000 Perlis Malaysia Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand

Poly (hydroxybutyrate-co-valerate) (PHBV) was the ideal replacement for petroleum-based plastic, owing to its biocompatible, non-toxicity and naturally by bacteria. However, PHBV has high brittleness due to high crystallinity, becoming a major challenge for PHBV commercial production and limiting its use in molded products. Natural rubber (NR) and cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) created an excellent opportunity to enhance the modulus and minimize the effect of non-degradable materials utilized in the polymer matrix. This study demonstrates the formation of PHBV/NR/CNC ternary nanocomposites to obtain a commodity biomaterial with improved mechanical properties. The effects of CNC loadings (1, 3, 5 wt.%) on the mechanical properties and structure of the PHBV/NR/CNC nanocomposites were investigated. Based on the tensile test, the use of the CNC brought a more pronounced positive impact (especially 1wt.% CNC) to the PHBV/NR blend matrix, where it enhanced the tensile Young’s modulus of the PHBV/NR/CNC nanocomposites. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the success of peroxide crosslinking after the melt compounding process by using a heated two-roll mill.

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Influence of Preparation Method on Properties of Natural rubber/Sepiolite Composites

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2021年第1期2129卷

作者： Patiwarada Jitsopin Abdulhakim Masa Nabil Hayeemasae Mohamad Syahmie Mohamad Rasidi Rubber Engineering and Technology Program International College Prince of Songkla University Hat Yai Songkhla 90110 Thailand. Department of Rubber Technology and Polymer Science Faculty of Science and Technology Prince of Songkla University Pattani Campus Pattani 94000 Thailand. Faculty of Chemical Engineering Technology Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 01000 Perlis Malaysia. Centre of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech) Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) 01000 Perlis Malaysia.

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