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Retrofit of a combined heat and power plant with gas and steam turbines to hydrogen with special consideration of the balance of plant

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Schiffer, Barbara Pfennig, Malte Clees, Tanja Grantham-Allee 20 Sankt Augustin53757 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin53757 Germany

In 2020, around 44% of natural gas in Germany was used in combined heat and power as well as in combined cycle gas turbines plants. As district heating will play an important role in future heating planning, the retrofit of these plants to hydrogen is a viable option. This paper analyzes a typical combined cycle power plant, including its balance of plant under consideration of different hydrogen blends. We show that retrofits are limited by the gas turbines in many cases. For instance, the preheater in the fuel gas system must be dimensioned higher than with natural gas. While pressure losses are very low, materials could be a problem due to higher volume flows. Additionally, the higher combustion temperatures in the gas turbine can compensate for possible efficiency losses in the Heat Recovery System Generator (HRSG) and steam turbine making this a suitable approach for electricity-led plants. However, for heat-led plants this leads to a reduction in the district heating output. Therefore, the performance of the HRSG must be considered as a limiting factor for heat-driven plants and the change in flue gas must be analyzed. Currently, hydrogen blends of 20–40 vol.-% appear feasible without major adjustments. The water content in the exhaust gas can also lead to problems in the HRSG and flue gas aftertreatment due to changes in the dew point. For higher hydrogen blends, a plant specific analysis is recommended. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Steam turbines

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PEMT: a patent enrichment tool for drug discovery (vol 39, btac716, 2023)

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BIOINFORMATICS 2023年第12期39卷 btac716-btac716页

作者： Gadiya, Yojana Zaliani, Andrea Gribbon, Philip Hofmann-Apitius, Martin Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP) Hamburg 22525 Germany Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD) Frankfurt 60590 Germany Department of Bioinformatics Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing (SCAI) Sankt Augustin 53754 Germany Bonn-Aachen International Center for Information Technology (B-IT) University of Bonn Bonn 53113 Germany

Motivation Drug discovery practitioners in industry and academia use semantic tools to extract information from online scientific literature to generate new insights into targets, therapeutics and diseases. However, due to complexities in access and analysis, patent-based literature is often overlooked as a source of information. As drug discovery is a highly competitive field, naturally, tools that tap into patent literature can provide any actor in the field an advantage in terms of better informed decision-making. Hence, we aim to facilitate access to patent literature through the creation of an automatic tool for extracting information from patents described in existing public *** Here, we present PEMT, a novel patent enrichment tool, that takes advantage of public databases like ChEMBL and SureChEMBL to extract relevant patent information linked to chemical structures and/or gene names described through FAIR principles and metadata annotations. PEMT aims at supporting drug discovery and research by establishing a patent landscape around genes of interest. The pharmaceutical focus of the tool is mainly due to the subselection of International Patent Classification codes, but in principle, it can be used for other patent fields, provided that a link between a concept and chemical structure is investigated. Finally, we demonstrate a use-case in rare diseases by generating a gene-patent list based on the epidemiological prevalence of these diseases and exploring their underlying patent *** and implementation PEMT is an open-source Python tool and its source code and PyPi package are available at https://***/Fraunhofer-ITMP/PEMT and https://***/project/PEMT/, *** information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

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Application of a Regional Data Set of the Housing Sector for Hydrogen Storage-Supported Energy System Planning

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Energy Engineering 2025年第5期122卷 1755-1770页

作者： Steffen Schedler Michael Bareev-Rudy Stefanie Meilinger Tanja Clees Department of Engineering and Communication(IWK) Institute for TechnologyResource and Energy-efficient Engineering(TREE)Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-SiegUniversity of Applied ScienceSankt Augustin53757Germany International Centre for Sustainable Development(IZNE) Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-SiegUniversity of Applied ScienceSankt Augustin53757Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss BirlinghovenSankt Augustin53754Germany

Germany aims to achieve a national climate-neutral energy system by *** residential sector still accounts for 29%of end energy consumption,with 74%attributed to the direct use of fossil fuels for heating and hot *** order to reduce fossil energy use in the household sector,great efforts are being made to design new energy concepts that expand the use of renewable energies to supply electricity *** is toconvertparts of the natural gas grid to a hydrogen-based gas grid to deliver and store energy for urban quarters of buildings,especially with older building stock where electrification of heat via heat pumps is difficult due to technical,acoustical,and economic reasons.A comprehensive dataset was generated by a bottom-up analysis with open governmental and statistical data to determine regional building types regarding energy demand,solar potential,and existing grid *** buildings’connections to the electricity,gas,and district heating networks are *** this,a representative sample dataset was chosen as input for a newly developed energy system model based on energy flow *** model simulates the interaction of hydrogen generation(HG)(from excess solar energy by electrolysis),storage in a metal-hydride storage(MHS)tank,and hydrogen use in a connected fuel cell(FC),forming a local PVPtGtHP(Photovoltaic Power-to-Gas-to-Heat-and-Power)*** to the seasonal hydrogen storage path(HSP),a battery will complete the system to forma hybrid energy storage system(HESS).Paired with seasonal time series for PV power,electricity and heat demand,and a model for connection to grid infrastructure,the simulation of different hydrogen applications and MHS placements aims to analyze operating times and energy share of the systems’equipment and existing *** method to obtain the data set together with the simulationmodel presented can be used by energy planners for cities,communities,and building developers

关键词： Hydrogen storage hybrid energy storage system simulation housing sector energy share

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A landscape analysis of standardisation in the field of artificial intelligence

Journal of ICT Standardization

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Journal of ICT Standardization 2020年第2期8卷 151-184页

作者： Ziegler, Wolfgang Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Sankt Augustin Germany

While projects, developments and applications addressing and using artificial intelligence (AI) are rather multifaceted and their number is constantly increasing, the standardisation activities in the field of artificial intelligence are limited, their number is significantly lower and does not increase at the same pace. The European funded project *** aims at supporting European experts' presence in and contributions to international standardisation activities in ICT. The focus of the project is on the 5 priority domains identified by the European Commission (Cloud computing, IoT, Big Data, Cyber Security, 5G) and on Artificial Intelligence while being open for other relevant topics defined in the annual European Rolling Plan for ICT Standardisation. The project has two main outcomes: (i) increased contribution of European experts in international standardisation through support by providing grants for planned contributions of successful applications of experts, and (ii) an online observatory of published standards and ongoing standardisation activities in the areas mentioned before. This observatory (called Standards Watch) is accessible through the project's web site and open for contributions and comments from registered users. As part of the effort for the Standards Watch the projects has prepared a comprehensive analysis of the international standardisation landscape in the AI field, that comprises a description of the ICT standards and ongoing work at international level in the field of AI across the standardisation organisations already active in the field. In this article we will present results of our work where we have analysed the work of the 5 international and European Standards Development Organisations (SDOs) IEEE,1 ISO/IEC,2 ITU-T,3 ETSI4 and CEN-CENELEC5 developing standards in the field of AI. The first 4 bodies have already been active several years in AI standardisation at the time of writing this article. CEN-CENELEC has launched a focu

关键词： Watches

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Integrating Cloud computing, Bayesian Optimization, and Neural-Additive Modeling for Enhanced CAM Systems in 5-Axis Milling 34

Integrating Cloud Computing, Bayesian Optimization, and Neur...

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34th CIRP Design Conference, CIRP 2024

作者： Rudel, Viktor Vinogradov, Georg Ganser, Philipp Bergs, Thomas Vahl, Christopher Frings, Markus König, Valentina Schambach, Maximilian Dietzel, Stefan Königs, Michael Fraunhofer Institute for Production Technology IPT Steinbachstraße 17 Aachen52074 Germany RWTH Aachen University Campus-Boulevard 30 Aachen52074 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven 1 Sankt Augustin53757 Germany ModuleWorks GmbH Henricistraße 50 Aachen52072 Germany Merantix Momentum Merantix AI Campus Max-Urich-Straße 3 Berlin13355 Germany EXAPT Systemtechnik GmbH Theaterstraße 12 Aachen52062 Germany

This publication introduces the development and application of an advanced CAD/CAM/CAE system that leverages the computational capabilities of an edge-cloud infrastructure. The developed system consists of containerized technology models for various complex process planning simulation tasks in 5-axis-milling, such as toolpath calculation, cutter-workpiece-engagement, uncut chip geometry or cutting force simulations. Moreover, a Bayesian optimization (BO) algorithm is coupled with the system enabling multi-objective optimizations of the considered machining operations by varying predefined CAM-parameters. The result of the optimization consists of a set of Pareto-efficient solutions. Each solution realizes a different tradeoff between the technological objectives of the process planner. Since mastering the complexity of the design space is a major challenge in today's CAM programming workflow, a Neural-Additive Model (NAM) is coupled with the system improving guided search through the configuration/result space. This reduces the convergence time to an optimal CAM parameter set. The coupling of the cloud computing, multi-objective optimization and artificial intelligence method with a CAM-kernel is demonstrated based on the process design of 5-axis milling operations for a blade-integrated disk (blisk). © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Milling (machining)

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Graph Visualization for Blockchain Data

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Dietl, Marcell Gemünd, Andre Oeltz, Daniel Thiele, Felix M. Werner, Christian Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin53757 Germany frontmark GmbH Taunusstraße 63 Wiesbaden65183 Germany

In this report, we introduce a novel approach to visualize extremely large graphs efficiently. Our method combines two force-directed algorithms, Kamada-Kawai and ForceAtlas2, to handle different graph components based on their node count. Additionally, we suggest utilizing the Fast Multipole method to enhance the speed of ForceAtlas2. Although initially designed for analyzing bitcoin transaction graphs, for which we present results here, this algorithm can also be applied to other crypto currency transaction graphs or graphs from diverse domains. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Directed graphs

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Parameterized Neural Networks for Finance

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Oeltz, Daniel Hamaekers, Jan Pilz, Kay F. Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin53757 Germany Kinetic Mind GmbH Germany

We discuss and analyze a neural network architecture, that enables learning a model class for a set of different data samples rather than just learning a single model for a specific data sample. In this sense, it may help to reduce the overfitting problem, since, after learning the model class over a larger data sample consisting of such different data sets, just a few parameters need to be adjusted for modeling a new, specific problem. After analyzing the method theoretically and by regression examples for different one-dimensional problems, we finally apply the approach to one of the standard problems asset managers and banks are facing: the calibration of spread curves. The presented results clearly show the potential that lies within this method. Furthermore, this application is of particular interest to financial practitioners, since nearly all asset managers and banks which are having solutions in place may need to adapt or even change their current methodologies when ESG ratings additionally affect the bond spreads. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Network architecture

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Sizing optimization of hybrid hydrogen energy storage systems: A metamodel-based approach

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International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 2025年

作者： Bareev-Rudy, Michael Schedler, Steffen Clees, Tanja Grantham-Allee 20 Sankt Augustin53757 Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin53757 Germany

Hybrid energy storage systems (HESS), consisting of a battery, hydrogen storage, electrolyzer and fuel cell, have received increasing attention from the scientific community in recent years as they can help increase the use of renewable energy. In this paper, a novel metamodel-based sizing optimization workflow is developed. The workflow is demonstrated on residential building scenarios with real solar power data. Sobol sequences are utilized to vary the component size in simulation, while radial basis functions are employed to approximate simulation results, which are then used for the optimization. The utilization of waste heat from Power-to-Gas and Gas-to-Power processes is evaluated using thermal equations by extending an existing coupled electrochemical and thermodynamic HESS model built in the multiphysical energy system simulator MEgy. The results show a functional workflow that optimizes sizing for a given scenario and outputs the component's daily energy balance and state of charge. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Waste heat utilization

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Fault Detection in Uni-Directional Tape Production Using Image Processing 25th

Fault Detection in Uni-Directional Tape Production Using Ima...

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25th International Conference on Pattern Recognition Workshops, ICPR 2020

作者： Devagekar, Somesh Delforouzi, Ahmad Plöger, Paul G. Department of Computer Science Hochschule Bonn-Rhein-Sieg Bonn Germany Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing Fraunhofer SCAI Bonn Germany

ISBN: (纸本)9783030687984

The quality of uni-directional tape in its production process is affected by environmental conditions like temperature and production speed. In this paper, computer vision algorithms on the scanned images are needed to be used in this context to detect and classify tape damages during the manufacturing procedure. We perform a comparative study among famous feature descriptors for fault candidate generation, then propose own features for fault detection. We investigate various machine learning techniques to find best model for the classification problem. The empirical results demonstrate the high performance of the proposed system and show preference of random forest and canny edges for classifier and feature generator respectively. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Feature extraction

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Generalized Sparse Grid Interpolation Based on the Fast Discrete Fourier Transform 1

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5th Workshop on Sparse Grids and Applications, SGA 2018

作者： Griebel, Michael Hamaekers, Jan Institute for Numerical Simulation University of Bonn Bonn Germany Fraunhofer Institute for Algorithms and Scientific Computing SCAI Schloss Birlinghoven Sankt Augustin Germany

ISBN: (数字)9783030813628

ISBN: (纸本)9783030813611

In (Griebel and Hamaekers, Fast discrete Fourier transform on generalized sparse grids, Sparse grids and Applications, volume 97 of Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, pages 75–108, Springer, 2014), an algorithm for trigonometric interpolation involving only so-called standard information of multivariate functions on generalized sparse grids has been suggested and a study on its application for the interpolation of functions in periodic Sobolev spaces of dominating mixed smoothness has been presented. In this complementary paper, we now give a slight modification of the proofs, which yields an extension from the pairing (Hs,Hmixt) to the more general pairing (Hs,Hmixt,r) and which in addition results in an improved estimate for the interpolation error. The improved (constructive) upper bound is in particular consistent with the lower bound for sampling on regular sparse grids with r = 0 and s = 0 given in (Dũng, Acta Mathematica Vietnamica, 43(1):83–110, 2018;Dũng et al., Hyperbolic Cross Approximation, Advanced Courses in Mathematics - CRM Barcelona, Birkhäuser/Springer, 2018). © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

关键词： Discrete Fourier transforms

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