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Solar Hydrocarbons: Single-Step, Atmospheric-Pressure Synthesis of C2−C4Alkanes and Alkenes from CO2

Angewandte Chemie 2023年第27期135卷

作者： Rui Song Zhao Li Jiuli Guo Paul N. Duchesne Chenyue Qiu Chengliang Mao Jia Jia Sanli Tang Yang-Fan Xu Wenzhe Zhou Lu Wang Wei Sun Xiaoliang Yan Liejin Guo Dengwei Jing Geoffrey A. Ozin International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 China Solar Fuels Group Department of Chemistry University of Toronto 80 St. George Street Toronto Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada Contribution: Conceptualization (equal) Data curation (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Investigation (lead) Methodology (lead) Writing - original draft (equal) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (equal) Writing - original draft (supporting) School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Anyang Normal University Anyang Henan 455000 P. R. China Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Formal analysis (supporting) Methodology (equal) Software (supporting) Writing - original draft (supporting) Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Software (lead) Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Ontario M5S 3E4 Canada Contribution: Data curation (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (supporting) Contribution: Formal analysis (supporting) Contribution: Methodology (supporting) State Key Laboratory of Silicon Materials and School of Materials Science and Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China Contribution: Project administration (supporting) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Formal analysis (lead) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (equal) Supervision (equal) Writing - original draft (lead) Contribution: Conceptualization (lead) Funding acquisition (equal) Project administration (equal) Writing - original draft (lead)

Cobalt ferrite (CoFe 2 O 4 ) spinel has been found to produce C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons in a single-step, ambient-pressure, photocatalytic hydrogenation of CO 2 with a rate of 1.1 mmol g −1 h −1 , selectivity of 29.8 % and conversion yield of 12.9 %. On stream the CoFe 2 O 4 reconstructs to a CoFe−CoFe 2 O 4 alloy-spinel nanocomposite which facilitates the light-assisted transformation of CO 2 to CO and hydrogenation of the CO to C 2 −C 4 hydrocarbons. Promising results obtained from a laboratory demonstrator bode well for the development of a solar hydrocarbon pilot refinery.

关键词： C2−C4 Hydrocarbons CO2 Hydrogenation Cobalt Ferrite Photocatalysis

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Sand particle lift-off velocity measurements and numerical simulation of mass flux distributions in a wind tunnel

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Journal of Arid Land 2017年第3期9卷 331-344页

作者： XIAO Fengjun DONG Zhibao GUO Liejin WANG Yueshe LI Debiao National Demonstration Center for Experimental Geography Education College of Tourism and Environment Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710119 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Xi'an Special Equipment Inspection Institute Xi'an 710065 China

Lift-off velocity of saltating sand particles in wind-blown sand located at 1.0 mm above the sand bed surface was measured using a phase Doppler particle analyzer in a wind tunnel. The results show that the probability distribution of lift-off velocity can be expressed as a lognormal function, while that of lift-off angle follows an exponential function. The probability distribution of lift-off angle conditioned for each lift-off velocity also follows an exponential function, with a slope that becomes steeper with increasing lift-off velocity. This implies that the probability distribution of lift-off velocity is strongly dependent on the lift-off angle. However, these lift-off parameters are generally treated as an independent joint probability distribution in the literature. Numerical simulations were carried out to investigate the effects of conditional versus independent joint probability distributions on the vertical sand mass flux distribution. The simulation results derived from the conditional joint probability distribution agree much better with experimental data than those from the independent ones. Thus, it is better to describe the lift-off velocity of saltating sand particles using the conditional joint probability distribution. These results improve our understanding of saltation processes in wind-blown sand.

关键词： lift-off velocity lift-off angle joint probability distribution sand mass flux saltation

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Experimental Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Static Flash Evaporation Process

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 4776-4781页

作者： Qingzhong Yang Dan Zhang Daotong Chong Yu Wang Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy & Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaan

An experimental study on flash evaporation process in static flash evaporation of aqueous NaCl solution was presented. Experiments were carried out with initial concentration of waterfilm varied from 0 to 0.15, initial height from 0.1 to 0.4 m, and superheat from 1.8 to 49.5 K. Instant superheat was the driving force during flash evaporation. A negative correlation was found between temperature drop rate and instant superheat. Instant heat transfer coefficient increased with the increase of instant superheat. A peak value of instant superheat existed during static flash. The evolution of instant superheat was affected by initial superheat, or initial height, or initial concentration of waterfilm.

关键词： Static flash evaporation Instant superheat Aqueous NaCl solution temperature drop rate

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Sa2045 MAGNETIC ANCHORING ASSISTED ENDOSCOPIC IRREVERSIBLE ELECTROPORATION FOR GASTRIC MUCOSAL ABLATION: A PRECLINICAL FEASIBILITY STUDY IN CANINE MODEL

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Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020年第6期91卷 AB257-AB257页

作者： Fenggang Ren Qingshan Li Xuyao Gao Yuchi Zhang Jing Zhang Zhuoqun Li Dake Chu Zheng Wu Rongqian Wu Yi Lv National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery and Regenerative Medicine First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an China Department of Gastroenterology First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'an China

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Study of an inter-wrapper flow model and effects in sodium-cooled fast reactor

Study of an inter-wrapper flow model and effects in sodium-c...

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2017 Transactions of the American Nuclear Society, ANS 2017

作者： Zhang, Dalin Song, Ping Wang, Shibao Wang, Xin'an Chen, Jing Yue, Nina Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. School of Nuclear Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University No.28 Xianning West Road Xi'an710049 China

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Experimental study on pressure drop characteristic of wet air with ash particles in a horizontal tube bundle heat exchanger

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 4010-4015页

作者： Yuanzhi Qin Jingying Yang Haibo Dai Jinshi Wang Ming Liu Junjie Yan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

The pressure drop characteristic of wet air with ash particles in a horizontal tube bundle heat exchanger was studied experimentally. The variations with time, effects of water vapor mass fractions and mainstream velocities on pressure drop characteristic were presented. Experimentally results showed that with the increase in the time, the pressure drop coefficient firstly increased then became stable. In the case of wet air with ash particles, the pressure drop coefficient increased with the increase of the water mass fraction and decreased with the increase of the mainstream velocity. Compared with wet air without ash particles, the pressure drop coefficients were higher in the presence of ash particles, due to ash deposition.

关键词： Pressure drop coefficient Heat exchanger wet air Ash particles

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Chaotic Characteristics Analysis on Recognition of Steam Plume flow Pattern of Direct Contact Condensation in a Rectangular Channel

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Energy Procedia 2017年 142卷 3827-3832页

作者： Binbin Qiu Jia Liu Jiping Liu Junjie Yan Xiaoping Yang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Chaotic characteristics of direct contact condensation(DCC) for steam jet in subcooled water in a rectangular channel were analyzed at subcooled water temperature of 30 ℃. The steam mass flux and Reynolds number of subcooled water were in the range of 250-600kg/(m 2 s) and 78,000-172,000 respectively. Three different flow patterns, bubble flow, oscillation jet and stable jet, were observed. Correlation dimension( D 2 ) changes with flow patterns. For bubble flow, oscillation jet and stable jet, the corresponding correlation dimension values increase and are in the ranges of 9.68~10.30, 10.03~11.17 and 11.10~12.62, respectively. Different flow patterns have different Hurst exponent( H ). From the range of correlation dimensions and Hurst exponents, the flow pattern of steam jet can be recognized without looking the picture of steam plume. This result is very important for flow pattern recognition without the observation windows.

关键词： flow pattern recognition chaotic characteristics correlation dimension Hurst exponent

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Experimental Study on Cohesiveness Characteristics of Raw Cement Ash at Moderate Temperature

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 4674-4679页

作者： Tao Han Chang’an Wang Qi Cao Wufeng Chen Defu Che State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Raw cement ash deposition in SP boilers gives rise to serious operation problems. In the present, mechanism of raw cement ash deposition is still unclear because the ash components, gas atmosphere and gas temperature are quite different from existing studies. The characteristics of cohesiveness of raw cement ash in moderate temperature were investigated in a lab-scale electric furnace. Three typical raw cement ashes were selected as samples, three base plates, including rough steel plate, smooth steel plate, organic glass plate were studied. Ball-impacting method was adopted to evaluate the cohesiveness of ash. Experimental results show that, the ash cohesiveness is mainly dependent on the components of ash, and the material property of base plate, while it exhibits little relationship with the roughness of the plate surface. Low-melting substances appear during ash deposition on steel plate. The results reveal that ferrum possibly has catalytic to some low-melting substances forming.

关键词： deposition cohesiveness roughness low-melting sunbstances

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Effect of prompt dissociation of formyl radicals on 1,3,5-trioxane laminar flame speeds at high pressure 55

Effect of prompt dissociation of formyl radicals on 1,3,5-tr...

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55th AIAA Aerospace Sciences Meeting

作者： Zhao, Hao Fu, Jiapeng Ju, Yiguang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University Engineering Quad Olden Street PrincetonNJ08544 United States Department of Power Engineering State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781624104473

Flame speeds of all hydrocarbon fuels are very sensitive to the reactions of formaldehyde (CH2O) and formyl radical (HCO). In this paper, we studied the prompt dissociation effect of HCO on the flame speeds of trioxane and formaldehyde up to 9 atm. The effects of prompt HCO dissociation were examined at high pressure. Different kinetic models were compared against the experimental results. The results showed there was a significant effect of the HCO prompt reaction on the flame speed in a broad range of pressure and equivalence ratio. At higher pressure, it was observed that the prompt effect was reduced due to the third-body collision effect. However, with the increase of O2mole fraction, the prompt effect was enhanced. Comparison showed that HP Mech with the inclusion of the prompt reactions had a better prediction at lean and ultra-lean conditions than other mechanisms. The improved prediction of the flame speed indicated that the prompt effect needed to be considered in the model development of hydrocarbon and oxygenated fuel combustion. © 2017 by Hao Zhao, Jiapeng Fu, and Yiguang Ju.

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Ash Deposition and Alkali Metal Migration during Zhundong High-alkali Coal Gasification

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Energy Procedia 2017年 105卷 1350-1355页

作者： Guangyu Li Chang’an Wang Pengqian Wang Yongbo Du Xuan Liu Wufeng Chen Defu Che State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an 710049 China

Ash deposition is particularly serious during Zhundong coal combustion/gasification due to its high alkali metal content, which causes great troubles and limits its utilization. This paper focuses on the ash deposition characteristics and migration disciplinarian of akali metal during Zhundong coal gasification varing with different conditions, such as ash deposition temperature, gasification temperature, O 2 /coal, steam/coal, and deposition time. Experimental result indicates that gasification conditions play a significant role on ash deposition. The root cause of severe fouling is the high content of Na in Zhundong coal, most of which is water-soluble. Besides, the contents of Na, Fe, S, Cl in ash are obviously changed with flue gas temperature increasing, indicating these elements have great influence on ash deposition, and the migration of Na, Fe and Cl presents similar variation during deposition. In addition, Na deposits mainly above 873 K, and Fe gains enrichment in ash at various temperatures. With the increase of gasification temperature, the content of Na in the ash is increased, which could exacerbate ash deposition. Both O 2 /coal and steam/coal have a certain influence on migration of elements, and the increases of O 2 /coal and steam/coal can relieve the ash fouling phenomena. Deposited ash on heating surface will react with Na in flue gas at high temperature, leading to the increase of content of Na in the ash with deposition time increasing.

关键词： Coal gasification Zhundong coal alkali metal ash Deposition

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