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SSRN 2023年

作者： Ren, Xiaoxiao Han, Zijun Ma, Jinpeng Xue, Kai Chong, Daotong Wang, Jinshi Yan, Junjie State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi'An710049 China China Energy Construction Group Shaanxi Electric Power Design Institute Co. Ltd Xi’an710043 China

The widespread deployment of data centers has contributed to a dramatic increase in energy consumption and carbon emissions. To solve this problem, this study proposes a distributed multi-energy system (DMES) driven by solar, wind, geothermal and natural gas and its life-cycle-based multi-objective optimization model considered energy, economy and environment. This model employs an improved multi-objective grasshopper optimization algorithm (IMOGOA) based on the population variation mechanism and a novel operation strategy depending on load characteristics. On this basis, the effects of carbon tax, life span and indoor temperature set-point determined by improved predicted mean vote (PMV) on the system are further explored. Case studies are conducted on a practical data center in Qinghai, China. The results show that the IMOGOA is more suitable for the optimization of DMES than the commonly used algorithms. Besides, the supply of cooling, heating and electricity can meet the needs of the data center, and more than 30% of electricity is generated from renewable sources. Finally, the carbon tax, life span and indoor temperature set-points affect the optimization of the system. The methodology and results can be expected to be of great technical interest for the energy supply systems of data centers. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Life cycle

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Experimental Study and Theoretical Development of Liquid Entrainment in T-Junction with Double Inlets and Single Inlet of Gas Phase

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Li, Kepiao Shi, Yanggen Zhang, Kui Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China School of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The liquid phase entrainment through vertical-up branch had been analyzed through scaled and full size of experiment since ADS-4 (the fourth-stage Automatic Depressurization System) valve adopted in advanced PWR (Pressurized Water Reactor). Most of the existed studies focus on the single inlet of gas whereas steam may flow from two sides of the T-junction during the blowdown of primary system. Hence the experimental study on liquid entrainment with double end inlets are carried out. The data on the onset of entrainment (OLE) turns out that double end inlets show small difference with single inlet, whereas the entrainment rate research have great difference with single inlet and there is more than 50% error between the data and existing theoretical models. According to the visible flow phenomenon and flow instability, a new entrainment rate model was proposed which can well predict the double-end inlets and single-inlet entrainment phenomenon with the error within ±20%. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Pressurized water reactors

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Assessing the predictions of A NOx kinetic mechanism on recent hydrogen and syngas experimental data 9

Assessing the predictions of A NOx kinetic mechanism on rece...

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9th International Conference on Modeling and Diagnostics for Advanved Engine Systems, COMODIA 2017

作者： Zhang, Yingjia Mathieu, Olivier Petersen, Eric Bourque, Gilles Li, Qianqian Curran, Henry Huang, Zuohua State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China Combustion Chemistry Centre National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas A and M University College StationTX United States Siemens Canada Limited 9545 Cote de Liesse Road MontrealQCH9P 1A5 Canada

A detailed chemical kinetic mechanism has been developed to describe the pyrolysis and oxidation of the hydrogen/NOx and syngas/NOx systems. The thermodynamic data of nitrogenous compounds have been updated based on t... 详细信息

关键词： Hydrogen

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An LP-DOAS instrument with a laser driven light source for open-path measurement of atmospheric NO2 in Shanghai

An LP-DOAS instrument with a laser driven light source for o...

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Progress in Electromagnetic Research Symposium (PIERS)

作者： Mingzhi Li Jun Chen Mingxu Su Huinan Yang Arun Ramachandran Ravi Varma Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai China Department of Physics National Institute of Technology Calicut Calicut Kerala India

Shanghai is currently faced with the complex atmospheric pollution problem such as ozone (O 3 ) and PM2.5. O 3 is responsible for oxidization of atmospheric constituents that in turn produces secondary pollutants. Reducing atmospheric oxidation is the underpinning strategy for the prevention and control of pollution in this city. According to the observation data from the online automatic monitoring station of Shanghai, the city's O 3 concentration has been rising steadily. In 2013, there are 100 days with ozone as the main pollutants, accounted for 31.9%. By Leighton relationship (K 6 [O 3 ][NO]=K 4 [NO 2 ] = 1), concentration of O 3 is closely related to that of NO 2 . So, continuous monitoring of atmospheric NO 2 has important significance. An instrument was developed for measuring atmospheric NO 2 concentration using a powerful light source in conjunction with the long-path differential optical absorption spectroscopy (LP-DOAS) technique. This system installed at the central section of Shanghai used a laser driven light source (LDLS) and a sensitive TE cooled spectrometer. The LDLS showed better stability, high optical efficiency when compared to traditional arc lamp and light emitting diodes. The light sent into the atmosphere was returned by a retro reflecting mirror placed 1.3km away, and the light returned was sent to a high sensitive TE cooled spectrometer. The spectral range of measurement was 415-455nm and the spectra collected were averaged over 10 min, prior to analyzing for NO 2 concentration. Continuous observations were carried out for two weeks and the NO 2 concentration retrieved ranged from (20-600) ug/m3 with an estimated detection limit of 6.77 ug/m3. The measurement results indicate that it is feasible to use this instrument for detecting the NO 2 with high spatial and temporal sensitivity.

关键词： Absorption Atmospheric measurements Light sources Pollution measurement Optical sensors Wavelength measurement Instruments

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Chemical Kinetics Simulation on Nitrogen Migration Characteristics During Co-Combustion of Ammonia and Coal Under Deeply Fuel-Air Multistage Conditions

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SSRN 2024年

作者： Dai, Liangxu Wang, Chang'an Hou, Yujie Ma, Guowei Chen, Yongxu Hurera, Abu Zhou, Lei Che, Defu State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China China Energy Science and Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Nanjing210046 China

mmonia, a carbon-free fuel, is attracting an ever-increasing attention. Coal/ammonia co-combustion in coal-fired power plants is considered an effective and fast approach to achieving the global decarbonization goal. However, one bottleneck of the utilization of ammonia fuel is the possible increased NOx emissions. The supply strategy of ammonia can affect the reduction of NOx by NH3. Few studies have explored the influence of ratios of ammonia as a secondary fuel and the secondary air volume on NOx emissions, which could be effective methods to reduce pollution. In this work, a chemical kinetics model was established to study the NOx behaviors during coal/NH3 co-firing in deeply fuel-air multistage conditions. The effects of the ammonia distribution strategies such as the ratio of NH3 as a secondary fuel, the injection position of secondary fuel, and corresponding air distribution with different NH3 co-firing ratios (CR-NH3) on the ammonia reactivity for NOx-reduction were studied. The results show that ammonia should be used as a primary fuel entering the main combustion zone under small CR-NH3 conditions to mitigate the NOx emissions;otherwise, ammonia is inclined to be used as a secondary fuel entering the reduction zone under large CR-NH3 conditions. NOx generation is also found to primarily occur in the burnout zone in fuel-air multistage combustion. Thus, the burnout zone should be given priority to decrease the NOx emissions. With the delay of secondary fuel injection in the reduction zone, the escaping ammonia keeps increasing in the outlet of the reduction zone. Then it is completely burned in the burnout zone, which leads to an increase in NOx emissions. The volume flow rate of NOx shows a downward trend on the whole with the ratio of secondary air increased. The air distribution can alter the function of the reduction zone in both generating and eliminating NO. The findings can provide some guidance to effectively decrease NOx emissions in coal/NH3 co-fi

关键词： Coal

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Investigation of influencing factors of limit air-to-water ratio of cooling tower

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2011年第SUPPL. 1期32卷 134-137页

作者： Jia, Ming-Xiao Yan, Jun-Jie Ning, Tao Liu, Ming Li, Gen Zheng, Shan State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Experimental investigation was conducted on the cooling tower test device using the outlet water temperature as evaluation index. The experimental results indicated that: the outlet water temperature decreased with the increase of air-to-water ratio, but the trend was decreasing gradually. The limit air-to-water ratio existed during the decrease of outlet water temperature. The outlet water temperature had little change when the air-to-water ratio was up to this value. The limit air-to-water ratio decreased with the increase of inlet air dry bulb temperature and wet bulb temperature, and increased with the increase of inlet water temperature. And the limit air-to-water ratio decreased with the increase of the flow rate of circulating water. Such conclusions may be advantageously used in guiding the design and operation of cooling tower.

关键词： Cooling towers

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Liquid kinematic viscosity of the binary mixtures of methanol and castor oil

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2006年第SUPPL. 1期27卷 79-81页

作者： Meng, Xian-Yang Wu, Jiang-Tao Liu, Zhi-Gang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The liquid kinematic viscosity of the binary mixtures of methanol and castor oil are reported over the temperature range from 243~353 K made with a calibrated Ubbelohde-type capillary viscometer. The total experimental uncertainty is less than 1.06%. In addition, the results were correlated as a function of temperature as the kinematic viscosity equation of the binary mixtures. The absolute average deviation and the maximum deviation of the experimental results from the correlated equation are 1.11% and 3.31%, respectively.

关键词： Castor oil Kinematic viscosity Liquid mixtures Methanol

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Steady-State Multi-Physics Coupling Analysis of Heat Pipe Cooled Reactor Core

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Zhipeng Wang, Chenglong Guo, Kailun Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Department of Nuclear Science and Technology Shaanxi Key Lab. of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi’an710049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering China

Due to the advantages of mobility, safety and universality, the heat pipe reactors have great competitiveness in many applications such as strategic defense locations, remote communities, and emergency locations. In addition, most of the heat pipe reactors are designed as solid-state reactors, which avoid the two-phase flow problem caused by the coolant transformation and make it possible to analyze the reactor with multiple physical field coupling. In this work, a typical heat pipe reactor has been carried out a 3-D neutronic-thermal-mechanical analysis, and steady state analysis is performed by OpenMC coupled with COMSOL. Coupling calculation results show that under normal operation, the maximum temperature and thermal expansion of core is 1338.94 K and 2.53 mm. In the steady-state coupling process, the influence of temperature parameters on physical calculation is mainly reflected in k eff and its power level, the maximum temperature drops from 1347.26 K to 1338.94 K, but it has little influence on power distribution. By coupling calculations, the maximum stress of the reactor is reduced by 5.78 MPa. The research results will support the subsequent development of multi-physics coupled transient analysis code for heat pipe reactors. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Heat pipes

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Coupling lattice Boltzmann model for simulation of thermal flows on standard lattices

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Physical Review E 2012年第1期85卷 016710-016710页

作者： Q. Li K. H. Luo Y. L. He Y. J. Gao W. Q. Tao Key Laboratory of Thermal Fluid Science and Engineering of MOE National Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an Shaanxi 710049 China Energy Technology Research Group School of Engineering Sciences University of Southampton Southampton SO17 1BJ United Kingdom Center for Combustion Energy Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Thermal Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Department of Zoology University of Cambridge Cambridge CB2 3EJ United Kingdom

In this paper, a coupling lattice Boltzmann (LB) model for simulating thermal flows on the standard two-dimensional nine-velocity (D2Q9) lattice is developed in the framework of the double-distribution-function (DDF) approach in which the viscous heat dissipation and compression work are considered. In the model, a density distribution function is used to simulate the flow field, while a total energy distribution function is employed to simulate the temperature field. The discrete equilibrium density and total energy distribution functions are obtained from the Hermite expansions of the corresponding continuous equilibrium distribution functions. The pressure given by the equation of state of perfect gases is recovered in the macroscopic momentum and energy equations. The coupling between the momentum and energy transports makes the model applicable for general thermal flows such as non-Boussinesq flows, while the existing DDF LB models on standard lattices are usually limited to Boussinesq flows in which the temperature variation is small. Meanwhile, the simple structure and general features of the DDF LB approach are retained. The model is tested by numerical simulations of thermal Couette flow, attenuation-driven acoustic streaming, and natural convection in a square cavity with small and large temperature differences. The numerical results are found to be in good agreement with the analytical solutions and/or other numerical results reported in the literature.

关键词： LATTICE Boltzmann methods MATHEMATICAL models COMPUTER simulation THERMAL analysis ENERGY dissipation DISTRIBUTION (Probability theory) ACOUSTIC streaming DENSITY functionals

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Dynamics of Internal Jets in the Merging of Two Droplets of Unequal Sizes

Dynamics of Internal Jets in the Merging of Two Droplets of ...

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第八届海峡两岸激波与复杂流动学术会

作者： Chenglong Tang Jiaquan Zhao Peng Zhang Chung K.Law Zuohua Huang Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Princeton University State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Department of Mechanical Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnic University Center for Combustion Energy Tsinghua University

*** Collision of two droplets in a gaseous environment plays an essential role in many natural and industrial processes,such as raindrop and cloud formation,insecticide spraying,spray painting,and spray combustion in various liquid-fueled *** the most symmetrical event,namely the head-on collision between two identical droplets,it has been experimentally and theoretically-demonstrated that,

关键词： simulation Dynamics of Internal Jets in the Merging of Two Droplets of Unequal Sizes

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