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SSRN 2024年

作者： Luo, Peng Tong, Wei Wei, Lichuan Zhao, Yugang Zhang, Hua Cheng, Ping Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Shenzhen Envicool Technology Co. Ltd. Shenzhen518129 China MOE Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering School of Mechanical Engineering Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai200240 China

Electronic systems produce increasingly high density of heat along with their performance elevated to meet the booming needs from industrials and human activities, and therefore more effective cooling methods are always in demand. Liquid immersion, both single-phase and dual-phase, is one of the most popular cooling methods developed, due to its simplicity, energy efficiency and operational feasibility. However, the heat dissipation capacity of single-phase immersion cooling is relatively low, while multi-phase only occurs above the boiling point of refrigerants. We here introduce a brand-new immersion cooling method with the injection of cold guest non-condensable gas (NCG) microbubbles. Experimental results show that the heat transfer rate is drastically enhanced, and in particular surface superheating is suppressed or even eliminated which is the key to maintaining the safety performance of micro-electronic chips. As bubbles approach the heating surface, they disturb the thermal boundary layer on the surface when their size is comparable with the layer thickness, attach to the surface serving as evaporation/boiling nuclei, and collide with existing bubbles to facilitate their departure. Also, the effects of bubble size distribution and pool subcooling are evaluated. The present cooling method performs better at a larger degree of pool subcooling while the effect of bubble size is relatively minor. This work demonstrates that guest NCG bubbles can drastically promote heat transfer in immersion cooling unlike others reported in the literature. The fundamental understanding of bubble dynamics upon impinging with the heating surface in subcooled liquid has promising applications in thermal management systems, such as electronic chips, nuclear reactors, heat exchangers, steam generators, and among others. © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Steam generators

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A review on thermohydraulic and mechanical-physical properties of SiC, FeCrAl and Ti 3 SiC 2 for ATF cladding

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Nuclear engineering and Technology 2020年第1期52卷 1-13页

作者： Bowen Qiu Jun Wang Yangbin Deng Mingjun Wang Yingwei Wu S.Z. Qiu Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology Shaanxi Engineering Research Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an City 710049 China University of Wisconsin-Madison Madison WI United States College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China

At present, the Department of Energy (DOE) in Unite State are directing the efforts of developing accident tolerant fuel (ATF) technology. As the first barrier of nuclear fuel system, the material selection of fuel rod cladding for ATFs is a basic but very significant issue for the development of this concept. The advanced cladding is attractive for providing much stronger oxidation resistance and better in-pile behavior under sever accident conditions (such as SBO, LOCA) for giving more coping time and, of course, at least an equivalent performance under normal condition. In recent years, many researches on in-plie or out-pile physical properties of some suggested cladding materials have been conducted to solve this material selection problem. Base on published literatures, this paper introduced relevant research backgrounds, objectives, research institutions and their progresses on several main potential claddings include triplex SiC, FeCrAl and MAX phase material Ti3SiC2. The physical properties of these claddings for their application in ATF area are also reviewed in thermohydraulic and mechanical view for better understanding and simulating the behaviors of these new claddings. While most of important data are available from publications, there are still many relevant properties are lacking for the evaluations.

关键词： ATF SiC f /SiC cladding FeCrAl cladding Ti3SiC2 cladding Physical properties

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Design and Optimal Thermal Efficiency Contrastive Analysis on Closed Brayton Cycle Systems with Different Fluids of Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Advanced Reactor

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Xinyu Zhang, Dalin Yun, Shichang Zhou, Xingguang Jiang, Dianqiang Lv, Xindi Feng, Zhenyu Wu, Wenqiang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, Guanghui Zhao, Quanbin Liu, Xiuting State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China

To match the advantages of Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor, the closed Brayton cycle system was selected as the energy conversion system, and the thermodynamic analysis, conjugate gradient optimization, and exergy analysis were performed. The pinch point constraint method based on simultaneous equations was proposed to improve the calculation efficiency and ensure the unity of comparison standards, and the exergy analysis was used to quantify and optimize the exergy losses for the equipment. For the simple regenerative cycle configuration, the thermal efficiency and mass flow rate of the cycle system with various fluids (far-critical fluids: air, nitrogen, helium, and argon, near-critical fluids: carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, propane, and xenon) were analyzed. The results of the thermodynamic analysis show that the thermal efficiency of the sulfur hexafluoride cycle is the highest and reaching 46.6% with the simple regenerative cycle configuration. The thermal efficiency of the far-critical fluid cycle is more sensitive to turbine efficiency. The results of the exergy analysis show the CO2 cycle has the highest potential to improve thermal efficiency, which has the highest improvement from 43.48% to 49.31% with the recompression process. The method and conclusion of this paper can provide references for the design and optimization of the Brayton power cycle system © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Carbon dioxide

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Application of opposed water spray cooling in an high-temperature entrained-flow coal gasifier

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2009年第6期30卷 984-986页

作者： Liu, Pei-Yao Chen, Qiu-Yang Zeng, Min Wang, Qiu-Wang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

A series of chemical reactions happen in the coal gasifier and as a result, high temperature syngas is obtained which contains a lot of solid granules. The high-temperature syngas must be cooled, because it can not be utilized directly. The opposed water spray cooling is not only effective, but also could dedust the syngas. In the present study, the CFD technique is used to investigate the effect of the opposed spray cooling in a gasifier. The Euler-Lagrange method is applied to deal with the syngas and the water droplets respectively. A non-dimensional parameter Temperature Non-uniform Factor (TNF) is defined to confirm the height of the cooling section. The simulated results match the designed data well. If water droplets with small diameters are used, the single-stage water spray cooling is more economic than the two-stage water spray cooling.

关键词： Computational fluid dynamics

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Design and Optimal Thermal Efficiency Analysis on Closed Brayton Cycle System of Fluoride-Salt-Cooled High-Temperature Advanced Reactor (Fustar)

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Li, Xinyu Zhang, Dalin Yun, Shichang Zhou, Xingguang Jiang, Dianqiang Lv, Xindi Feng, Zhenyu Wu, Wenqiang Tian, Wenxi Qiu, Suizheng Su, G.H. Zhao, Quanbin Liu, Xiuting State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Nuclear Energy and Technology School of Nuclear Science and Technology Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China CNNC Key Laboratory on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics Technology Nuclear Power Institute of China Chengdu610213 China

To match the advantages of Fluoride-Salt-cooled high-Temperature Advanced Reactor (FuSTAR): the high temperature, inherent safety, compact structure, and modularization, the closed Brayton cycle system was selected as the energy conversion system, and the enthalpy analysis, conjugate gradient optimization, and exergy analysis were performed. The pinch point constraint method based on simultaneous equations was proposed to improve the calculation efficiency and ensure the unity of comparison standards, and the exergy analysis was used to quantify and optimize the exergy losses for the equipment. For the simple regenerative cycle configuration, the thermal efficiency and mass flow rate of the cycle system with various fluids (far-critical fluids: air, nitrogen, helium, and argon, near-critical fluids: carbon dioxide, sulfur hexafluoride, propane, and xenon) were analyzed, at the highest thermal efficiencies. The results of enthalpy analysis show that the thermal efficiency of the sulfur hexafluoride cycle is the highest with the simple regenerative cycle configuration. The thermal efficiency of the far-critical fluid cycle is more sensitive to turbine efficiency. The exergy analysis shows the CO2 cycle has the highest potential to improve thermal efficiency. The method and conclusion of this paper can provide references for the design and optimization of the Brayton power cycle system. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Enthalpy

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Effect of Pb2+ doping on band gap of Cd1-xZexS solid solution and photocatalytic water splitting activity

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Hsi-An Chiao Tung Ta Hsueh/Journal of Xi'an Jiaotong University 2008年第1期42卷 110-113页

作者： Xing, Chanjuan Guo, Liejin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Pb2+ doped Cd0.2Zn0.8S and Cd0.8Zn0.2S were prepared with coprecipitation method. The results indicate that the valence band of Cd0.2Zn0.8S solid solution with wide band gap is heightened by the Pb 6s level hybridization with valence band, and the photocatalytical hydrogen evolution ability is improved. When Pb2+ is doped in Cd0.8Zn0.2S solid solution with narrow band gap, it acts as a recombination center and is unable to improve water splitting activity of the catalyst. So the doping of Pb2+ is effective only for the semiconductor with wide band gap.

关键词： Photocatalysis

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New method of preparing solid solution ZnS-CuInS2 and its activity of photocatalytic splitting water for hydrogen production

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Wuhan Ligong Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Wuhan University of Technology 2006年第SUPPL. 2期28卷 240-244页

作者： Guo, Peng-Hui Guo, Lie-Jin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Synthesis of solid solution ZnS-CuInS2 has been demonstrated. The crystallinity and stability of catalysts were highly improved by the combination of two usual ways used for improving the crystallinity of materials-calcination at high temperature or hydrothermal, so was the activity of photocatalytic splitting water for hydrogen production. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, BET, SEM, XRF and UV-Vis. The results of the photocatalytic hydrogen production showed that the catalyst had the highest stability and activity by H2S inflowing to the metal cation solution following with calcination and hydrothermal. After the catalyst was loaded with 3% Pt, the velocity of hydrogen production has been further improved to 127 μmol/h. And its apparent quantum efficiency at 420 nm was up to 4.43%.

关键词： Photocatalytic hydrogen production Preparation ZnS-CuInS2 solid solution

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Shape of isolated bubble in intermittent flows in horizontal straight tube

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2006年第3期27卷 433-436页

作者： Gu, Han-Yang Guo, Lie-Jin Zhang, Xi-Min Wang, Zhi-Wei State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

An experimental study of the shape of a single bubble similar to those observed in horizontal plug/slug flow was performed by visual observation and conductance probes in this paper. The results show that the shape of the nose and body of bubble depends on the Froude number defined by gas/liquid mixture velocity, whereas the shape of the back region of bubble depends on both the Froude number and bubble length. The photographic pictures show that the motion of bubble is related to the characteristics of bubble head and the transition from plug flow to slug flow occurs when the back of the bubble changes from staircase to hydraulic jump pattern with increasing the Froude number and bubble length.

关键词： Bubble shape flow pattern transition Plug flow Slug flow

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Effect of rotation on the flow and heat transfer performance of blade leading edge with impingement holes

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2008年第8期29卷 1397-1399页

作者： Zhang, Da-Hai Zeng, Min Luo, Lai-Qin Wang, Qiu-Wang State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

The numerical simulation technique was employed to study the flow and heat transfer performance of the rotating cooling channel with feed chamber and impingement chamber. The discharge coefficient of the impingement holes and the average Nusselt number of the impingement target surface in the blade leading edge in rotating were obtained. The result shows that the Coriolis force induced by the rotation effect can change the discharge coefficient of the impingement holes. With the increase of the rotating speed, the Coriolis force effect becomes more obvious. The discharge coefficient increases with the increase of rotating Reynolds number and outflow ratio, and decreases with the increase of the inlet Reynolds number. The influence of the rotation on the average Nusselt number of the impingement target surface is not obvious. With the increase of the rotating speed, Nusselt number increases slightly only at high rotating speed.

关键词： Rotation

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Piv measurement of turbulent mixing layer flow with polymer additives

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Kung Cheng Je Wu Li Hsueh Pao/Journal of engineering Thermophysics 2009年第4期30卷 608-610页

作者： Ning, Tao Guo, Fu-De Chen, Bin State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China

Turbulent mixing layer flow with 200 mg/kg polymer additives was measured by PIV and compared with pure water cause. The velocity ratio between high and low speed is 4:1 and the velocity difference ranges from 0.25 m/s to 1.25 m/s. It is showed that large vortex structures exist in flow field with/without polymer addictives, but the coherent structure is much clearer and the large eddy will roll up earlier when polymer is added. Similar with pure water case, the Reynolds stress is decreasing and the vorticity is increasing with increasing the velocity difference. However, the width and range of Reynolds shear stress and vorticity are wider and larger.

关键词： Turbulent flow

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