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Research and application of flow visualization technique in large-scale hydraulic models

Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2009年第1期147卷

作者： Wen Cheng Bao-wei Hu Tian Wan Zhang-bin Wang Fujio Yamamoto State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Key Laboratory of Northwest Water Resources and Environmental Ecology of Education Ministry ShaoXing University Shao Xing 312000 China Fiber Amenity Engineering Course Graduate School of Engineering University of Fukui Bunkyo 3-9-1 Fukui 910-8507 Japan Xian Jiao tong University Xian 710049 China Xian University of Technology Xian 710048 China

With the rapid development of computer and optical technique, as a powerful measuring method in hydrodynamics, flow visualization technique is able to get much flow field information in practical engineering. It also has an important meaning to projects and environmental areas. The image processing is the key to flow visualization for gaining flow field information. In terms of the PIV principles, the algorithm of PIV based on Fast Fourier Transformation (FFT) is studied, and the image mosaic program based on genetic algorithm has been compiled. The flow field of seabuckthorn flexible dam has been calculated and analyzed by using those methods as above-mentioned, and in the meanwhile, the application of flow visualization technique to measure the outdoor flow field has been studied exploringly, which proves that it is feasible to apply this technique to measure the large-scale outdoor flow field.

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Anchoring group regulation in semiconductor/molecular complex hybrid photoelectrode for photoelectrochemical water splitting

Smart Molecules

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Smart Molecules 2024年

作者： Xiangyan Chen Fujun Niu Tongxiang Ma Qingyu Li Shaopeng Wang Shaohua Shen Northwest Institute for Non-ferrous Metal Research Xi'an Shaanxi China School of Advanced Energy Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University Shenzhen China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering International Research Center for Renewable Energy Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi China

Rational interface engineering via regulating the anchoring groups between molecular catalysts and light-absorbing semiconductors is essential and emergent to stabilize the semiconductor/molecular complex interaction and facilitate the photocarriers transport, thus realizing highly active and stable photoelectrochemical (PEC) water splitting. In this mini review, following a showcasing of the fundamental details of hybrid PEC systems containing semiconductor photoelectrodes and molecular catalysts for water splitting, the state-of-the-art progress of anchoring group regulation at semiconductor/molecular complex interface for efficient and stable PEC water splitting, as well as its effect on charge transfer kinetics, are comprehensively reviewed. Finally, potential research directions aimed at building high-efficiency hybrid PEC water splitting systems are summarized.

关键词： anchoring groups hybrid systems molecular catalysts photoelectrochemical water splitting semiconductor photoelectrodes

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Electrocatalytically Activating and Reducing N2Molecule by Tuning Activity of Local Hydrogen Radical

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第20期135卷

作者： Yuanyuan Yang Cejun Hu Dr. Jieqiong Shan Chuanqi Cheng Prof. Lili Han Prof. Xinzhe Li Ruguang Wang Prof. Wei Xie Prof. Yao Zheng Prof. Tao Ling Key Laboratory for Advanced Ceramics and Machining Technology of Ministry of Education Tianjin Key Laboratory of Composite and Functional Materials School of Materials Science and Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 China Key Laboratory of Advanced Energy Materials Chemistry (Ministry of Education) Tianjin Key Lab of Molecular Recognition & Biosensing Renewable Energy Conversion and Storage Center College of Chemistry Nankai University Tianjin 300071 China School of Chemical Engineering The University of Adelaide Adelaide SA 5005 Australia State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of Sciences Fuzhou 350002 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi An Shi Xi'an 710049 China

Decarbonizing N 2 conversion is particularly challenging, but essential for sustainable development of industry and agriculture. Herein, we achieve electrocatalytic activation/reduction of N 2 on X/Fe−N−C (X=Pd, Ir and Pt) dual-atom catalysts under ambient condition. We provide solid experimental evidence that local hydrogen radical (H*) generated on the X site of the X/Fe−N−C catalysts can participate in the activation/reduction of N 2 adsorbed on the Fe site. More importantly, we reveal that the reactivity of X/Fe−N−C catalysts for N 2 activation/reduction can be well adjusted by the activity of H* generated on the X site, i.e., the interaction between the X−H bond. Specifically, X/Fe−N−C catalyst with the weakest X−H bonding exhibits the highest H* activity, which is beneficial to the subsequent cleavage of X−H bond for N 2 hydrogenation. With the most active H*, the Pd/Fe dual-atom site promotes the turnover frequency of N 2 reduction by up to 10 times compared with the pristine Fe site.

关键词： Carbon Materials Electrocatalysis Metal-Free Catalysts Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

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Inside Cover: Nb‐Doped Hematite Nanorods for Efficient Solar Water Splitting: Electronic Structure Evolution versus Morphology Alteration (ChemNanoMat 7/2016)

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ChemNanoMat 2016年第7期2卷

作者： Yanming Fu Chung‐Li Dong Wan‐Yi Lee Jie Chen Penghui Guo Liang Zhao Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Department of Physics Tamkang University Tamsui 25137 Taiwan Department of Electrophysics National Chiao Tung University Hsinchu 30010 Taiwan

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Front Cover: Decoupled Water Electrolysis Driven by 1 cm2Single Perovskite Solar Cell Yielding a Solar-to-Hydrogen Efficiency of 14.4 % (ChemSusChem 1/2023)

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ChemSusChem 2022年第1期16卷

作者： Fei Lv Dr. Zhixiao Qin Jiazhe Wu Lixia Pan Longjie Liu Prof. Yubin Chen Prof. Yixin Zhao International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi 710049 P. R. China School of Environmental Science and Engineering Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 P. R. China

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Corrigendum to “A 1D model to predict ejector performance at critical and sub-critical operational regimes” [JIJR 36/6 (2013) 1750–1761]

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International Journal of Refrigeration 2017年 75卷 177-177页

作者： Weixiong Chen Ming Liu Daotong Chong Junjie Yan Adrienne Blair Little Yann Bartosiewicz State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL) Institute of Mechanics Materials and Civil Engineering (iMMC) Place du Levant 2 B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve Belgium George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering Georgia Institute of Technology Atlanta GA 30332-0405 USA

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Cover Feature: Coupling Photothermal Effect into Efficient Photocatalytic H2Production by Using a Plate-like Cu@Ni Core-shell Cocatalyst (ChemCatChem 10/2020)

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ChemCatChem 2020年第10期12卷 2648-2648页

作者： Xinyang Guo Dr. Fei Xue Shikai Xu Prof. Shaohua Shen Prof. Hongwen Huang Prof. Maochang Liu International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an Shaanxi 710049 P.R. China Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University Suzhou Jiangsu 215123 P.R. China College of Materials Science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha Hunan 410082 P.R. China

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Microalgae bio-oil production by pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction: Mechanism and characteristics

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Bioresource Technology 2023年 376卷 128860页

作者： Ağbulut, Ümit Sirohi, Ranjna Lichtfouse, Eric Chen, Wei-Hsin Len, Christophe Show, Pau Loke Le, Anh Tuan Nguyen, Xuan Phuong Hoang, Anh Tuan Department of Mechanical Engineering Duzce University Düzce81620 Turkey School of Health Sciences and Technology University of Petroleum and Energy Studies Uttarakhand Dehradun248 007 India State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics National Cheng Kung University Tainan701 Taiwan Research Center for Smart Sustainable Circular Economy Tunghai University Taichung407 Taiwan Department of Mechanical Engineering National Chin-Yi University of Technology Taichung411 Taiwan Institute of Chemistry for Life and Health Sciences PSL University France Department of Chemical Engineering Khalifa University P.O. Box 127788 Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection Wenzhou University Wenzhou325035 China Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering Faculty of Science and Engineering University of Nottingham Malaysia Jalan Broga Selangor Darul Ehsan Semenyih43500 Malaysia Department of Sustainable Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering SIMATS Chennai602105 India School of Mechanical Engineering Hanoi University of Science and Technology Hanoi Viet Nam PATET Research Group Ho Chi Minh City University of Transport Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam Institute of Engineering HUTECH University Ho Chi Minh City Viet Nam

Microalgae have great potential in producing energy-dense and valuable products via thermochemical processes. Therefore, producing alternative bio-oil to fossil fuel from microalgae has rapidly gained popularity due to its environmentally friendly process and elevated productivity. This current work aims to review comprehensively the microalgae bio-oil production using pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction. In addition, core mechanisms of pyrolysis and hydrothermal liquefaction process for microalgae were scrutinized, showing that the presence of lipids and proteins could contribute to forming a large amount of compounds containing O and N elements in bio-oil. However, applying proper catalysts and advanced technologies for the two aforementioned approaches could improve the quality, heating value, and yield of microalgae bio-oil. In general, microalgae bio-oil produced under optimal conditions could have 46 MJ/kg heating value and 60% yield, indicating that microalgae bio-oil could become a promising alternative fuel for transportation and power generation. © 2023 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Microalgae

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Surface Adsorbed Hydroxyl: A Double-Edged Sword in Electrochemical CO2Reduction over Oxide-Derived Copper

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Angewandte Chemie 2023年第31期135卷

作者： Daixing Wei Yiqing Wang Prof. Chung-Li Dong Ta Thi Thuy Nga Yuchuan Shi Jialin Wang Xiaoli Zhao Prof. Fan Dong Prof. Shaohua Shen International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Physics Tamkang University New Taipei City 25137 Taiwan Research Center for Environmental and Energy Catalysis Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu 611731 China

Oxide-derived Cu (OD−Cu) featured with surface located sub-20 nm nanoparticles (NPs) created via surface structure reconstruction was developed for electrochemical CO 2 reduction (ECO 2 RR). With surface adsorbed hydroxyls (OH ad ) identified during ECO 2 RR, it is realized that OH ad , sterically confined and adsorbed at OD−Cu by surface located sub-20 nm NPs, should be determinative to the multi-carbon (C 2 ) product selectivity. In situ spectral investigations and theoretical calculations reveal that OH ad favors the adsorption of low-frequency *CO with weak C≡O bonds and strengthens the *CO binding at OD−Cu surface, promoting *CO dimerization and then selective C 2 production. However, excessive OH ad would inhibit selective C 2 production by occupying active sites and facilitating competitive H 2 evolution. In a flow cell, stable C 2 production with high selectivity of ∼60 % at −200 mA cm −2 could be achieved over OD−Cu, with adsorption of OH ad well steered in the fast flowing electrolyte.

关键词： CO2 Reduction Electrochemistry Oxide-Derived Copper Reaction Mechanisms Surface Adsorbed Hydroxyls

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Tailoring Second Coordination Sphere for Tunable Solid–Liquid Interfacial Charge Transfer toward Enhanced Photoelectrochemical H2Production

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Angewandte Chemie 2024年第22期136卷

作者： Dr. Yangguang Hu Dr. Wu Zhou Dr. Wanbing Gong Prof. Chao Gao Prof. Shaohua Shen Prof. Tingting Kong Prof. Yujie Xiong Anhui Engineering Research Center of Carbon Neutrality The Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids Ministry of Education College of Chemistry and Materials Science Anhui Normal University 241002 Wuhu Anhui China Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale School of Chemistry and Materials Science University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei Anhui China These authors equally contributed to this work International Research Centre for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University 710049 Xi'an Shaanxi China

The recombination of photogenerated charge carriers severely limits the performance of photoelectrochemical (PEC) H 2 production. Here, we demonstrate that this limitation can be overcome by optimizing the charge transfer dynamics at the solid–liquid interface via molecular catalyst design. Specifically, the surface of a p-Si photocathode is modulated using molecular catalysts with different metal atoms and organic ligands to improve H 2 production performance. Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 is identified as an efficient and durable catalyst for H 2 production through the rational design of metal centers and first/second coordination spheres. The modulation with Co(pda-SO 3 H) 2 , which contains an electron-withdrawing −SO 3 H group in the second coordination sphere, elevates the flat-band potential of the polished p-Si photocathode and nanoporous p-Si photocathode by 81 mV and 124 mV, respectively, leading to the maximized energy band bending and the minimized interfacial carrier transport resistance. Consequently, both the two photocathodes achieve the Faradaic efficiency of more than 95 % for H 2 production, which is well maintained during 18 h and 21 h reaction, respectively. This work highlights that the band-edge engineering by molecular catalysts could be an important design consideration for semiconductor–catalyst hybrids toward PEC H 2 production.

关键词： PEC H2 production molecular catalyst coordination sphere surface modulation charge transfer

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