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Decoupling the heating and reduction processes in solar-driven two-step thermochemical cycle by coupling it with thermal power generation

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Energy 2025年 324卷

作者： Zhu, Liya Mao, Jinxin Du, Jinyang Han, Fengshuang Zhao, Kai Lu, Youjun School of Electrical Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China School of Energy and Power Engineering North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power Zhengzhou450001 China School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Solar-driven H2O/CO2 splitting via two-step thermochemical cycle is a promising path for renewable fuel production. However, the energy losses caused by the high solar thermal temperature and the significant technical challenges in oxygen carrier heat recovery have long hindered its efficiency improvement. In this work, the two-step cycle was proposed to couple with a thermal power generation process to recover the process heat, and the electricity generated was proposed to be used in the reduction step, for which the solar heating and reduction processes can be decoupled. Thermodynamic evaluation shows that an efficiency advantage over the traditional cycling mode can be expected even when the solar thermal temperature is 50 K lower. It is 16.1 % at Tred = 1773 K and Tsolar = 1723 K, significantly higher than that of the traditional cycle working at Tred = 1773 K with 95 % gas heat and 40 % solid heat recovered (13.6 %). The novel cycling mode not only provides a practical heat recovery strategy, but also creates a completely new space for further lowering the solar thermal temperature and brings about obvious engineering advantages. It is supposed to be of important implications in promoting the practical application of the technology. © 2025

关键词： Solar heating

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Pilot-Scale Photoreforming of Hydrolyzed Polylactic Acid Waste to High-Value Chemicals and H2 via Atomic Ru Integration

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Advanced Energy Materials 2025年第0期

作者： Liu, Feng Zhang, Chunyang Lu, Kejian Yan, Xueli Wang, Yi Jing, Dengwei Guo, Liejin Liu, Maochang International Research Center for Renewable Energy & State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China Suzhou Academy of Xi'an Jiaotong University Jiangsu Suzhou215123 China

Photoreforming of polylactic acid (PLA) waste into valuable chemicals offers a promising approach for environmental protection and waste valorization, yet faces challenges of low yields and harsh conditions. Herein, a Cd0.5Zn0.5S nanotwin catalyst decorated with Ru single atoms and clusters is reported, enabling selective photoreforming of PLA into pyruvic acid (PA) and H2. It is demonstrated that Ru single atoms favor PA formation via hydroxyl dissociation, while the further incorporation of Ru clusters serve as active sites for H2 production. This synergistic effect significantly enhances photocatalytic performance, achieving 96.8% PA selectivity and efficient H2 production with a record-breaking apparent quantum efficiency of 83.7% at 400 nm. This approach is scalable for outdoor processes, utilizing direct 1 m2 sunlight irradiation to deliver ≈1191 mL h−1 of H2 and 47.27 mmol h−1 of PA from PLA waste, paving a viable pathway for large-scale simultaneous production of high-value chemicals and H2. © 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.

关键词： Photolysis

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Efficient conversion of CO2 to CH4 through supercritical water gasification of plastic with calcium looping

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Renewable Energy 2025年 249卷

作者： Li, Xuantong Wu, Hongtu Wang, Weizuo Wang, Junying Wu, Chunfei Jin, Hui State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Queen's University Belfast BelfastBT9 6FS United Kingdom

Calcium looping (CaL) is a promising technology with significant implications for carbon capture. However, the traditional CaL requires a high temperature of 950 °C for CaCO3 decomposition, posing challenges for further development due to stringent temperature conditions. This study leverages the advantages of a hydrogen-rich reaction environment in a supercritical water gasification (SCWG) system to develop a thermodynamic model of a solar-driven SCWG system incorporating CaL. This innovation reduces the high-temperature requirement of traditional CaL by 41 %, lowering it to 560 °C, and simultaneously alleviates the coupling difficulty of solar-driven systems. The system utilises waste carbide slag (CS) to convert waste plastics into combustible CH4 and other industrial products, achieving thermochemical elimination of CO2 into CH4. Results indicate that CH4 production in traditional gasification systems increases with temperature, whereas the inclusion of CaL shows a trend of initial increase followed by a decrease, peaking at 560 °C with a 19.12 % increase compared to systems without CaL. Both energy and exergy efficiencies decline with temperature, while the impact of pressure on gasification performance and system efficiency remains below 10 %. Increasing the plastic-to-water ratio enhances CH4 production and energy and exergy efficiencies but reduces the gas yield per unit of plastic. © 2025

关键词： Exergy

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Numerical Study of Multi-Factor Coupling Effects on Energy Conversion Performance of Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis

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Frontiers in Heat and Mass Transfer 2025年第2期23卷 507-528页

作者： Hao Li Cunlu Zhao Jinhui Zhou Jun Zhang Hui Wang Yanmei Jiao Yugang Zhao School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing211816China MOE Key Laboratory of Thermo-Fluid Science and Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an710049China Key Laboratory of Unsteady Aerodynamics and Flow Control Ministry of Industry and Information TechnologyNanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing210016China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power EngineeringUniversity of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai200093China Key Laboratory of Icing and Anti/De-icing China Aerodynamics Research and Development CenterMianyang621000China

Based on the rapid advancements in nanomaterials and nanotechnology,the Nanofluidic Reverse Electrodialysis(NRED)has attracted significant attention as an innovative and promising energy conversion strategy for extracting sustainable and clean energy fromthe salinity gradient ***,the scarcity of research investigating the intricate multi-factor coupling effects on the energy conversion performance,especially the trade-offs between ion selectivity and mass transfer in nanochannels,of NRED poses a great challenge to achieving breakthroughs in energy conversion *** numerical study innovatively investigates the multi-factor coupling effect of three critical operational factors,including the nanochannel configuration,the temperature field,and the concentration difference,on the energy conversion processes of *** this work,a dimensionless amplitude parameter s is introduced to emulate the randomly varied wall configuration of nanochannels that inherently occur in practical applications,thereby enhancing the realism and applicability of our *** results reveal that the application of a temperature gradient,which is oriented in opposition to the concentration gradient,enhances the ion transportation and selectivity simultaneously,leading to an enhancement in both output power and energy conversion ***,the increased fluctuation of the nanochannel wall from s=0 to s=0.08 improves ion selectivity yet raises ion transport resistance,resulting in an enhancement in output power and energy conversion efficiency but a slight reduction in ***,with increasing the concentration ratio cH/cL from 10 to 1000,either within a fixed temperature field or at a constant dimensionless amplitude,the maximumpower consistently attains its optimal value at a concentration ratio of 100 but the cation transfer number experiences amonotonic decrease across this entire range of concentration ***,uponmodifying the ope

关键词： Salinity gradient energy nanofluidic reverse electrodialysis energy conversion nanochannel configuration multi-factor coupling effect

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Chromium Promoted the Efficient and Stable Catalytic Degradation of Propane Over Pt/Hzsm-5 Catalyst: Optimization and Reaction Mechanism

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Jian, Yanfei Xu, He Wang, Yao Wang, Jingjing Xia, Lianghui Liu, Yujie Yu, Yanke He, Chi State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'An710049 China National Engineering Laboratory for VOCs Pollution Control Material and Technology University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing101408 China Yunnan University China

Light alkanes are a class of ubiquitous volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which bring great environmental hazards and health risks. However, low-temperature degradation of light alkanes is still a great challenge. Herein, a series of Pt/HZSM-5 catalysts without/with additives of Cr were fabricated. Catalytic performance of the catalyst for C3H8 low temperature combustion was investigated. It was found that Cr element had a significant effect on the activity of Pt/HZSM-5. Pt/Cr1/HZSM-5 performed the best activity for C3H8, excellent high temperature stability and water resistance. Characterization results of catalysts indicated that the introduction of Cr element could fix Pt site to promote the dispersion of Pt on the support. Moreover, the interaction between Cr and Pt produced more active Pt species, surface active lattice oxygen and acidic sites, which could promote the activation of C-H bonds in C3H8. Theoretical calculations showed that the interface between Pt and Cr had stronger adsorption for O2 and C3H8, which could accelerate propane oxidation. In this study, the effect of transition metal elements on the promotion of noble metal catalysts in the low-temperature degradation of light alkanes was discussed in depth, and it provided a reference for the design of efficient noble metal molecular sieve catalysts. © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Molecular sieves

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Large eddy simulation on the wake characteristics of linearly stratified flow past a sphere

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Scientific Reports 2025年第1期15卷 1-13页

作者： Xia, Tianci Wei, Na Shi, Liuliu School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai 200093 China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering Shanghai 200093 China Key Laboratory of Power Machinery and Engineering of Ministry of Education Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240 China

In this study, Large Eddy Simulation (LES) has been employed to examine the influence of the Froude number (Fr) on the linearly stratified wake and internal waves behind a sphere at a subcritical Reynolds number of Re = 3700. Six distinct sets of models with varying Fr (Fr = 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, ∞) have been chosen to establish density linear stratification through the use of a User Defined Function (UDF). The analysis focuses on the impact of stratification on wake characteristics, velocity distribution, and the structure of internal waves within stratified flow. It is evident that density stratification plays a pivotal role in shaping wake structure. Notably, in stratified flows, wakes exhibit unique characteristics including the generation of internal waves, suppression of vertical velocity, and the emergence of oscillating wake patterns. The study reveals that a decrease in the Froude number leads to heightened vertical suppression of the wake and increased anisotropy of the velocity distribution. Furthermore, as the Froude number ascends from 0.05 to 2, the wake undergoes a transition from quasi-two-dimensional vortex shedding to three-dimensional turbulence. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Froude number Internal wave Linearly stratified flow Wake

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Efficient extraction of valuable metals from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials using sodium bisulfate: Parameter optimization and kinetic study

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Sustainable Materials and Technologies 2025年 44卷

作者： Zhang, Pengyang Rohani, Sohrab Teng, Liumei He, Minyu Jin, Xi Liu, Qingcai Ren, Shan Liu, Weizao College of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University Chongqing400044 China Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Western University LondonON Canada School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences 402160 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering School of Energy and Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Xi'an710049 China

Spent lithium-ion batteries pose significant environmental hazards but also possess high recycling value. In this study, a process for the recovery of valuable metals from spent LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 cathode materials (NCM523) was proposed by using NaHSO4 as the sulfation agent. The thermal decomposition of NaHSO4 and its sulfation roasting process with spent NCM523 were investigated. The findings revealed that NaHSO4 started decomposing at approximately 200 °C, releasing Na2S2O7. And significant SO2 gas was emitted after 400 °C, efficiently reducing and sulfating the valuable metals in NCM523. The sulfation roasting parameters were optimized by examining the influences of roasting temperature and the mass ratio of NaHSO4 to waste cathode materials on the leaching efficiencies of valuable metals. Experimental results indicated that Li was present as Li2SO4 and NaLiSO4 forms after roasting, while other valuable metals existed in complex forms, mainly as bimetallic composite sulfates. The study found that under optimal conditions, with a NaHSO4 to waste cathode material mass ratio of 5:1, and roasting at 600 °C for 120 min resulted in the highest leaching efficiencies for valuable metals, with Li at 98.4 %, Co at 97.1 %, Ni at 96.1 %, and Mn at 96 %. Additionally, the non-isothermal kinetic of the roasting process was studied, determining the apparent activation energy of each stage and identifying the controlling steps through the Kissinger-Akahira-Sunose (KAS), Flynn-Wall-Ozawa (FWO), and Starink methods. The mechanisms were elucidated using the Satava-Sestak and Coats-Redfern equations, which identified the fourth stage as the controlling step with an average activation energy of 211.4 kJ/mol, indicating a three-dimensional diffusion model. The results highlighted that utilizing NaHSO4 roasting for recycling waste cathode materials led to high leaching efficiencies of Li, Co, Ni, and Mn metals at lower temperatures. This aligned well with the principles of efficient

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries

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A study on free radical behaviors and reactions in supercritical water using quantum chemical simulation

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Journal of Molecular Liquids 2025年 419卷

作者： Ding, Weijing Takahashi, Osamu Wang, Junying Jin, Hui School of Transportation and Vehicle Engineering Shandong University of Technology Shandong Zi'bo255000 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'an Jiaotong University Shaanxi Xi'an710049 China of Advanced Science and Engineering Hiroshima University Higashi-Hiroshima739-8526 Japan

Supercritical water (SCW) gasification is one of clean and efficient utilization way of biomass, other organic matters or coal for hydrogen production, in which radical reactions studies in SCW are limited but crucial. Density-functional tight-binding (DFTB) molecular simulation is one of efficient and convenient approaches to investigate these microscopic processes. Therefore, free radical reactions in severe SCW environment were investigated via DFTB calculations in this work. The results showed that the order of the free radicals containing bond cleavages reacted in SCW environment was ·OH, ·CH, ·CH2, ·HO2, ·CH3 and ·C6H5 under the same conditions. The reaction processes of different radicals in SCW were obtained. ·H was the most active free radical of reactions. This work is expected to understand the properties of free radicals in SCW better and explore intrinsic reaction mechanisms, which may provide a theoretical support for accomplishing efficient and low-carbon complete SCW gasification for hydrogen production. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Free radical Gasification Hydrogen production Reaction Supercritical Water (SCW)

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Integrated Co2 Capture and Conversion by Three-Step Chemical Looping Dry Reforming of Methane

SSRN

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SSRN 2025年

作者： Liu, Yunlian Liu, Mingkai Shen, Yuanhui Li, Yang Gai, Zhongrui Zhang, Ruqi Pan, Ying Jin, Hongguang Institute of Engineering Thermophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The integrated CO2 capture and conversion (ICCC) has emerged as a promising and cost-effective pathway for achieving carbon neutrality. However, limited energy-efficient pathways and durable materials for ICCC systems remains challenging. This study proposes a novel approach that synergistically integrates CO2 capture and conversion through a unified chemical framework. The method employs Li-based sorbents for CO2 capture, coupled with CH4-driven sorbent regeneration that is seamlessly integrated with chemical looping dry reforming of methane (CLDRM), enabling in-situ CO2 conversion. By coupling sorbent regeneration with CLDRM, this system enhances decarbonation kinetics through Le Chatelier's principle via continuous CO2 conversion. One-step calcination synthesized Li-based sorbents particles exhibit stable CO2 capture capacity of 5.25 mmol·g-1 within 15 min per cycle, maintaining 7.5-15% operational efficiency over 40 cycles at 600 ℃. In CLDRM, hydrogen radicals from CH4 dissociation promote the conversion of CO2 to intermediates, lowering the apparent activation energy of sorbents regeneration by 29.2%. Through systematic optimization in a fixed-bed reactor, we achieved 90% CO2 uptake and 85% CH4 conversion, with syngas production rates reaching 13.71 mL·min-1·g-1. Notably, the H2/CO molar ratio in syngas stabilizes ~1.6, aligns with iron-based Fischer-Tropsch and methanol synthesis to produce valuable fuels. This integrated system maintains >80% syngas purity with © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Activation energy

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Discrete element simulation of dry adhesive granular flow in a vertical pipe

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Powder Technology 2025年 460卷

作者： Gao, Xin Parteli, Eric J.R. Fan, Fengxian School of Energy and Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China Faculty of Physics University of Duisburg-Essen Lotharstr. 1 DuisburgD 47057 Germany Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow and Heat Transfer in Power Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and Technology Shanghai200093 China

The transportation and storage of granular materials with adhesive properties often involves particulate flow through narrow pipes, which is accompanied by still poorly understood dynamic behavior. Due to the difficulty in achieving a quantitative understanding of such flows based solely on experiments, here we perform particle-based numerical simulations of vertical pipe flows of adhesive granular materials using the discrete element method (DEM). Our simulations unveil different regimes of vertical pipe flow depending on the pipe-to-particle diameter ratio and the interparticle adhesive strength. Surprisingly, we find that the particle mass flow rate through the pipe increases substantially with this adhesive strength. This rather counterintuitive result is caused by an enhanced tendency of the particles to form stable agglomerates around the pipe symmetry axis, thus leading to reduced interaction of the particles with the frictional pipe walls. By contrast, incorporation of particle-wall adhesive interactions leads to exactly the opposite behavior, with such interactions dictating the granular dynamics in the pipe and leading to lower mass flow rate values compared to cohesionless flows. Furthermore, we show that the different flow regimes are associated with distinct spatiotemporal patterns of the granular solid fraction along the pipe axis (density waves). Therefore, our results provide theoretical references for future experimental research and application of adhesive granular flows through narrow pipes. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Channel flow

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