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A Practical Design of Single-Slope ADC With Improved Dynamic Range on FPGA

IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 2025年第5期72卷 1810-1818页

作者： Zhang, Jianfeng Wang, Yonggang Zhang, keyi Qi, Xinren University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Department of Modern Physics Anhui Hefei230026 China

The development of field-programmable gate array (FPGA)-based analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) helps to improve system integration, shorten development cycles, and reduce costs. One realization of this is the single-slope ADC, which uses a ramp waveform to intersect the input signal, converting the input voltage into a measurable time interval for digitization. Although existing designs are capable of waveform digitization, there remains considerable potential for further research in terms of design practicality, flexibility, and performance. This article presents an implementation that advances current designs in three aspects. First, by decoupling the ADC sampling clock from the time-to-digital converter (TDC) clock, the ADC’s sampling rate can be reconfigured without the need for firmware resynthesis. Second, the two cross points within a single sampling cycle are combined to convert voltage into pulsewidth for measurement, significantly simplifying the firmware design. Finally, a mapping calibration between time and voltage is applied to improve the ADC linearity while maintaining the widest possible dynamic range. The proposed ADC was implemented on a Xilinx UltraScale+ FPGA for performance evaluation at a 200-MS/s sampling rate and 10-bit resolution. Test results show that the ADC achieves a measurement range of 70–1770 mV with an effective number of bits (ENOB) of 7.2. The differential nonlinearity (DNL) ranges from −0.23 to 0.23 LSB, and the integral nonlinearity (INL) ranges from −1.95 to 1.33 LSB. This ADC design requires no off-chip components, is not susceptible to FPGA placement and routing, and can be implemented as an intellectual property (IP) core, allowing end-users to integrate it into systems without requiring in-depth knowledge of ADC design. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Firmware

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Positron annihilation study of defect formation and evolution in matrix graphite under He ion irradiation

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第1期36卷 13-21页

作者： Hong-Xia Xu Jian-Dang Liu Bang-Jiao Ye Zi-Wen Pan Jun Lin Jin-Liang Song Jian-Qing Cao Chao Yan Ying-Ping Hao Jin-Xing Cheng Qing-Bo Wang Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201800China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai 200025China Beijing Institute of High Technology Beijing 100094China

The stability of matrix graphite under neutron irradiation and in corrosive environments is crucial for the safe operation of molten salt reactors(MSRs).Raman spectroscopy and a slow positron beam were employed to investigate the effects of He ion irradiation fluences and subsequent annealing on the microstructure and defects of the matrix *** ions with 500 keV energy and fluences ranging from 1.1×10^(15)ions∕cm^(2)to 3.5×10^(17)ions∕cm^(2)were used to simulate neutron irradiation at 300 *** samples with an irradiation fluence of 3.5×10^(16)ions∕cm^(2)were subjected to isochronal annealing at different temperatures(573 K,873 K and 1173 K)for 3 *** Raman results revealed that the D peak gradually increased,whereas the intrinsic G peak decreased with increasing irradiation *** the same irradiation fluence,the D peak gradually decreased,whereas the intrinsic G peak increased with increasing annealing *** positron beam analysis demonstrated that the density or size of irradiation defects(vacancy type)increased with higher irradiation fluence,but decreased rapidly with increasing annealing *** Raman spectral analysis of sample cross sections subjected to high irradiation fluences revealed the emergence of amorphization precisely at the depth where ion damage was most pronounced,whereas the surface retained its crystalline *** and positron annihilation analyses indicated that the matrix graphite exhibited good irradiation resistance to He ions at 300 ***,vacancy-type defects induced by He ion irradiation exhibit poor thermal stability and can be easily removed during annealing.

关键词： Graphite Positron annihilation Irradiation Raman spectrum

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Design of a LYSO crystal electromagnetic calorimeter for dark photon detection in the DarkSHINE experiment

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2025年第3期36卷 69-84页

作者： Zhi-Yu Zhao Qi-Bin Liu Ji-Yuan Chen Jing Chen Jun-Feng Chen Xiang Chen Chang-Bo Fu Jun Guo Kim Siang Khaw Liang Li Shu Li Dan-Ning Liu Kun Liu Si-Yuan Song Tong Sun Jian-Nan Tang Yu-Feng Wang Zhen Wang Wei-Hao Wu Hai-Jun Yang Yu-Ming Lin Rui Yuan Yu-Lei Zhang Yun-Long Zhang Bai-Hong Zhou Xu-Liang Zhu Yi-Fan Zhu Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University1 Lisuo RoadShanghai 201210China Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics School of Physics and Astronomy800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Key Laboratory for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology(MOE) Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology(SKLPPC)Shanghai Jiao Tong University800 Dongchuan RoadShanghai 200240China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shanghai Institute of Ceramics Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 201899China Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Ion-beam Application(MOE) Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China Institute of Modern Physics Fudan UniversityShanghai 200443China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

This paper presents the design and optimization of a lutetium yttrium oxyorthosilicate(LYSO)crystal electromagnetic calorimeter(ECAL)for the DarkSHINE experiment,which aims to identify dark photons as potential mediators of dark *** ECAL design was evaluated through comprehensive simulations,focusing on optimizing dimensions,material selection,energy distribution,and energy *** configuration consisted of 21×21×11 LYSO crystals,each measuring 2.5 cm×2.5 cm×4 cm,arranged in a staggered layout to enhance signal detection efficiency.A 4 GeV energy dynamic range was established to ensure accurate energy measurements without saturation,which is essential for background rejection and signal identification.A detailed digitization model was developed to simulate scintillation,silicon photomultiplier,and analog-to-digital converter behaviors,providing a realistic representation of the detector's ***,the study assessed radiation damage in the ECAL region,emphasizing the importance of using radiation-resistant scintillators and silicon sensors.

关键词： Electromagnetic calorimeter LYSO Scintillator detector Light dark matter Dark photon

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Research of metamerism in laser displays 4

Research of metamerism in laser displays

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Gao, Fengtian Li, Ting Chen, Yuantong Xiang, Jiacheng Zhu, Liquan Xu, Lixin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

In recent years, the issue of color mismatch due to observer metamerism has emerged as a critical concern in display color management. Observer metamerism refers to the phenomenon where individuals perceive colors differently under identical spectral conditions, leading to the low color consistency between different display devices. Owing to the high monochromatic characteristics of lasers, the mismatch phenomenon is particularly significant in laser displays, which is well-known for its wide color gamut and high brightness. In this research, the observer metamerism in three display systems were studied by theoretical simulations, including: CIE Standard Illuminant D65, a three-primary-laser system, and a four-primary-laser system. The result shows that three-primary-laser systems exhibited more severe metamerism mismatches than CIE Standard Illuminant D65, and the issue exacerbating as bandwidths narrowed. The addition of primaries to the three-primary-laser system mitigated the metamerism, thereby enhancing color consistency. It contributes to the design of display systems with high-precision color reproduction and an large color gamut. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Color matching

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Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2025年第1期49卷 80-94页

作者： Zhe Li Ren-You Zhang Shu-Xiang Li Xiao-Feng Wang Pan-Feng Li Yi Jiang Liang Han Qing-hai Wang State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Anhui Center for Fundamental Sciences in Theoretical Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Physics National University of SingaporeSingapore 117551Singapore

We present a comprehensive analytic calculation of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD■EW corrections to Z-boson pair production at electron-positron *** two-loop master integrals essential to this calculation are evaluated using the differential equation *** this paper,we detail the formulation and solution of the canonical differential equations for the two-loop three-point master integrals with two on-shell Z-boson external legs and a massive internal quark in the *** canonical master integrals are systematically expanded as a Taylor series in the dimensional regulator,ε=(4-d)/2,up to the order of ε^(4),with coefficients expressed in terms of Goncharov polylogarithms up to weight *** applying our analytic expressions of these master integrals to the phenomenological analysis of Z-pair production,we observe that the O(aa_(s))corrections manifest at a level of approximately one percent when compared to the leading-order predictions,underscoring their significance for comparisons with future high-precision experimental data.

关键词： Z-boson pair production NNLO QCD■EW corrections canonical differential equations Goncharovpolylogarithms

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Effect of light sources on speckle reduction and color gamut performance in laser display systems 4

Effect of light sources on speckle reduction and color gamut...

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4th International Computational Imaging Conference, CITA 2024

作者： Chen, Yuantong Xiang, Jiacheng Li, Ting Gao, Fengtian Zhu, Liquan Xu, Lixin State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Anhui Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Science and Technology School of Physical Sciences University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China Advanced Laser Technology Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei230026 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781510688834

Given the difficulties in obtaining broad-spectrum laser sources for speckle reduction in laser display, the method of blending laser sources with incoherent light sources has been proposed. The utilization of broad-spectrum laser sources and the blending of incoherent light sources will result in a reduction in the monochromaticity of the primary color. Consequently, the impact of two schemes on speckle reduction and color gamut performance is investigated. Under the constraint that the reduction in the color gamut coverage does not exceed 5%, the recommendations for the reasonable maximum spectral bandwidth of laser sources and blending ratio of incoherent light sources are provided. By jointly considering the speckle reduction effect and the impact on the color gamut, the evaluation factor F is proposed to help obtain the optimal spectral bandwidth and blending ratio. In the incoherent light source blending scheme, the addition of green LEDs results in a dramatic decline in the color gamut coverage, whereas the inclusion of red and blue LEDs does not lead to such a significant decrease. The effective speckle reduction results in the luminance of display system being constrained by LEDs. These findings can provide theoretical guidance for the selection of light sources in laser display applications. © 2025 SPIE.

关键词： Display devices

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In-situ detector theoretical design for low-activity concentration tritiated water based on plastic scintillator thin film flow cell

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Fusion Engineering and Design 2025年 216卷

作者： Li, Xiaoyu Chen, Zhi University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Hefei230026 China

In order to ensure radiation safety and control the potential risk of tritium, the in-situ measurement technology of low radioactive concentration tritiated water has wide practical demands.A novel detector was theoretically designed utilizing plastic scintillator thin films (PSTFs) and silicon photomultiplier arrays (SiPMs) to achieve this objective. key parameters such as sample chamber thickness, plastic scintillator thickness, and the number of sample chambers were analyzed using Monte Carlo simulations, thoroughly evaluating factors influencing energy deposition, optical transmission, detection efficiency, and minimum detectable activity concentration (MDAC). The results demonstrated that the system achieved a detection efficiency of 22.5% with the MDAC of 6.909 Bq/mL for tritiated water over a counting time of one minute. This compact and highly sensitive detector configuration is well-suited for a range of applications in environmental monitoring and radiation safety. © 2025 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Light transmission

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Rescattering effects on spin-interference for ρ0 photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Wang, Yusong Li, Xinbai Li, Ziyang Tang, Zebo Wu, Xin Zha, Wangmei State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

Recent measurements by various experiments in ultra-peripheral collisions have observed spin-interference in ρ0 photoproduction, marking a breakthrough in Fermi-scale quantum interference experiments. Building on this, STAR extended the measurement to hadronic heavy-ion collisions, where significant rescattering effects on ρ0 mesons were expected. In this study, we investigate how these rescattering effects influence the measurement of spin-interference. By embedding ρ0 mesons produced via photoproduction, modeled by the Vector Meson Dominance model, into the Ultrarelativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics framework, we estimate the impact on the cos 2 and cos 4 modulations, where is the angle between ρ0 and one of the daughters’ (π±) transverse momentum. The results indicate a significant suppression of the cos 2 modulation, while the cos 4 modulation remains largely unaffected, which provides insight for understanding the difference due to rescattering effects between experimental measurements and theoretical predictions for ρ0 photoproduction in heavy-ion collisions. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Bosons

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Probing Gluon Shadowing in Heavy Nuclei through Bayesian Reweighting of J/ψ Photoproduction in Ultra-Peripheral Collisions

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Lu, Pengzhong Tang, Zebo Wu, Xin Zha, Wangmei State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China

The gluon distribution in nuclei plays a pivotal role in understanding quantum chromodynamics (QCD) under extreme nuclear environments, yet remains poorly constrained compared to quark distributions. Coherent J/ψ photoproduction in ultra-peripheral heavy-ion collisions (γ+A → J/ψ+A) provides a unique solution to this challenge, serving as a sensitive probe of nuclear gluon densities. In this study, we perform Bayesian reweighting on the EPPS21 and nCTEQ15 sets of nuclear parton distribution functions (nPDF) by incorporating coherent J/ψ photoproduction measurements from both RHIC and LHC. The Bayesian-reweighted gluon modification factors RAg (x, Q2 = 2.4 GeV2) reveal pronounced nuclear shadowing in the Pb nuclei, with RPbg ≈ 0.60 at x = 10−4, while simultaneously achieving a great reduction of the uncertainties in the density of the gluon across the critical Bjorken-x range 10−5 −3 compared to initial predictions of the nPDF. This work establishes coherent J/ψ photoproduction as a precision tool for gluon nPDF extraction, overcoming traditional deep-inelastic scattering limitations through perturbative QCD-calibrated probes. The constrained nPDFs demonstrate improved consistency with the experimental data across collider energies, particularly in the shadowing-dominated regime. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Heavy ions

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Scalar sector of Type 2 Seesaw model explorations with multi-lepton final states 42

Scalar sector of Type 2 Seesaw model explorations with multi...

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42nd International Conference on High Energy Physics, ICHEP 2024

作者： Alexa, Călin Ducu, Otilia A. Dumitriu, Ana E. Jinaru, Adam Monnier, Emmanuel Moultaka, Gilbert Tudorache, Alexandra Xu, Hanlin IFIN-HH Bucharest Romania CPPM Aix-Marseille Université CNRS IN2P3 Marseille France Université de Montpellier CNRS Montpellier France Department of Modern Physics State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Originally motivated for the generation of (Majorana) neutrino masses, the Type 2 Seesaw Model has also a rich extended Higgs sector with, if accessible at the LHC, a distinctive phenomenology of neutral, charged and doubly-charged states. The goal of the work is to present an exhaustive phenomenological study of the most promising production and decay channels of pair or associated scalars, decaying directly or in cascades to Standard Model particles at the LHC. The study is complementary to the literature in that it highlights a previously unnoticed important sensitivity to a mixing angle. The ensuing uncertainty calls for a comprehensive experimental search strategy for the various processes. These processes can be studied within LHC energies reach, by comparing cutflow results for different final states. We carried out prospective search analyses with multi-lepton, jets and missing energy configurations, assuming an ATLAS-like detector at LHC and HL-LHC, for charged, doubly-charged, and for the first time neutral scalar productions. The work is a collaboration between ATLAS experimentalists and theoreticians in continuation of an endeavor that lead to previous published ATLAS analyses for the search of (doubly)charged Higgs bosons [1, 2], aiming at proposals for future experimental searches. This proceeding only summarizes some of the results, and the reader is encouraged to consult the extended work [3] for further detailing the content of each section. © Copyright owned by the author(s) under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0).

关键词： Positive ions

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