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The energy response of LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals for GECAM

Nuclear Science and Techniques 2024年第2期35卷 110-122页

作者： Pei-Yi Feng Xi-Lei Sun Zheng-Hua An Yong Deng Cheng-Er Wang Huang Jiang Jun-Jie Li Da-Li Zhang Xin-Qiao Li Shao-Lin Xiong Chao Zheng Ke Gong Sheng Yang Xiao-Jing Liu Min Gao Xiang-Yang Wen Ya-Qing liu Yan-Bing Xu Xiao-Yun Zhao Jia-Cong Liu Fan Zhang Hong Lu Particle and Astrophysics Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Key Laboratory of Particle Astrophysics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Experimental Physics Center Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China School of Nuclear Science and Technology University of South ChinaHengyang 421001China National Engineering Research Center for Rare Earth Grirem Advanced Materials Co.Ltd.and General Research Institute for Nonferrous MetalsBeijing 100088China

The GECAM series of satellites utilizes LaBr_(3)(Ce),LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr),and NaI(Tl)crystals as sensitive materials for gamma-ray detectors(GRDs).To investigate the nonlinearity in the detection of low-energy gamma rays and address the errors in the calibration of the E-C relationship,comprehensive tests and comparative studies of the three aforementioned crystals were conducted using Compton electrons,radioactive sources,and mono-energetic *** nonlinearity test results of the Compton electrons and X-rays demonstrated substantial differences,with all three crystals presenting a higher nonlinearity for X/-rays than for Compton *** the LaBr_(3)(Ce)and LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)crystals having higher absolute light yields,they exhibited a noticeable nonlinear decrease in the light yield,especially at energies below 400 *** NaI(Tl)crystal demonstrated an"excess"light output in the 6-200 keV range,reaching a maximum"excess"of 9.2%at 30 keV in the X-ray testing and up to 15.5%at 14 keV during Compton electron testing,indicating a significant advantage in the detection of low-energy gamma ***,we explored the underlying causes of the observed nonlinearity in these *** study not only elucidates the detector responses of GECAM,but also initiates a comprehensive investigation of the nonlinearity of domestically produced lanthanum bromide and sodium iodide crystals.

关键词： LaBr_(3)(Ce)detector LaBr_(3)(Ce,Sr)detector NaI(Tl)detector GECAM Energy response Light yield nonlinearity

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Recent quarkonium measurements with ALICE

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Nuclear and particle Physics Proceedings 2022年 318-323卷 17-21页

作者： Bai, Xiaozhi State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China GSI Helmholtzzentrum fur Schwerionenforschung GmbH Darmstadt Germany

Quarkonium production is one of the essential probes for studying the properties of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. The suppression of J/ψ due to color screening in the medium was initially proposed as direct evidence of QGP formation. The J/ψ in heavy-ion collisions is affected by the (re-)generation of uncorrelated charm-anticharm (cc‾) quark pairs in the medium as well as the underlying cold nuclear matter effects. The heavier quarkonium states ϒ, the re-(generated) effect is found significantly smaller than J/ψ since the density of uncorrelated beauty-antibeauty (bb‾) quark pairs in the medium is much smaller than cc‾ pairs. Both the J/ψ and ϒ can be used as the probes to study the quark mass dependent (re-)generation effect. In this contribution, the recent measurements of J/ψ and ϒ production in various collision systems performed by the ALICE are shown. The measured quarkonium production cross-section, the nuclear modification factor R_pA, R_AA, and the flow coefficient v₂ are discussed. Results are compared with the model calculations. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.

关键词： Azimuthal anisotropy Nuclear modification factor Quarkonium production

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Design of a 20-Gsps 12-bit time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion system

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2021年第3期32卷 30-40页

作者： Ruo-Shi Dong Lei Zhao Jia-Jun Qin Wen-Tao Zhong Yi-Chun Fan Shu-Bin Liu Qi An State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

The time-interleaved analog-to-digital conversion(TIADC)technique is an effective method for increasing the sampling rate in a waveform digitization *** this study,a 20-Gsps TIADC system was designed.A wide-bandwidth performance was achieved by optimizing the analog circuits,and a sufficient effective number of bits(ENOB)performance guaranteed using the perfect reconstruction algorithm for mismatch error *** proposed system was verified by tests,and the results indicated that a-3 dB bandwidth of 6 GHz and the ENOB performance of 8.7 bits at 1 GHz and 7.6 bits at6 GHz were successfully achieved.

关键词： Time-interleaved technique High-speed A/D conversion High bandwidth Mismatch error correction

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Design of A High Performance Time-to-Digital Converter with Zero Dead Time on Xilinx FPGA

Design of A High Performance Time-to-Digital Converter with ...

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Xinren Qi Yonggang Wang Department of Modern Physics State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

ISBN: (数字)9798350380903

ISBN: (纸本)9798350380910

Nowadays the time-to-digital converters (TDCs) implemented on field programmable gate array (FPGA) can achieve reasonably high measurement resolution and precision. However, some applications also require TDCs without measurement dead time to avoid event missing. In this paper, we propose a new TDC design method that can achieve high measurement precision while achieving zero measurement dead time as well. Using the traditional structure of tapped delay line (TDL) based TDC, the proposed TDC allows consecutive trigger signals flowing into the TDL and makes the encoder capable of capturing all trigger edges with the output of their timestamps. Since there is the inherent “bubble” problem in TDL for high performance implementation, the latched TDL status is first decomposed into sixteen divisions. The trigger edges on the divisions are identified parallel, and then all the trigger signals on the TDL have to be reinstalled to obtain their precise arrival times. The TDC has been implemented on a Xilinx Zynq Ultrascale+ FPGA for performance evaluation. The test results show that the TDC can achieve a resolution of 1.92 ps and a root mean square (RMS) precision better than 3.3 ps. By measuring two trigger signals located within one TDC sampling clock cycle, the TDC can measure them correctly, which means the proposed design method is effective for realizing zero measurement dead time.

关键词： Performance evaluation Pulse measurements Design methodology Logic gates Signal generators Instrumentation and measurement Root mean square

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A Fast-Transient-Response Auxiliary Circuit with a Switched Capacitor for Voltage Regulator Modules

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IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power electronics 2025年

作者： Wu, Chuan Song, Kezhu Zhou, Wanxin Zhu, Chengyang Xie, Dongyi University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics Hefei 230026 China

As the current step and slew rate of microprocessors increase, greater demands are placed on transient responses of voltage regulator modules (VRMs). In this article, a switched capacitor auxiliary circuit (SCAC) is proposed to enhance transient responses of VRMs. One end of the switched capacitor is connected to the VRM output voltage V_o, whereas the other end has a variable Voltage. When the load current changes, the switched capacitor’s variable end Voltage is adjusted, enabling rapid charge injection and absorption, thereby reducing V_o undershoot and overshoot. As a demonstration, a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-controlled SCAC prototype is implemented at the output of a 12V-0.9V 14-phase VRM. Transient tests are conducted with a load current step of 480 A, slew rate of 960 A/μs, and load current variable frequencies of 300 Hz to 1 MHz. The maximum overshoot and undershoot of the VRM were reduced from 190 mV to 95 mV and 142 mV to 80 mV, respectively, by implementing the SCAC, reducing the transient V_o change by 43%. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： digital control Fast transient response switched capacitor voltage regulator modules (VRMs)

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A High Integrative Frequency Measurement Method Based on TDC

A High Integrative Frequency Measurement Method Based on TDC

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IEEE Instrumentation and Measurement Technology Conference

作者： Ziqi Wang Zhongtao. Shen Junchen. Wang Wenhao. Dong Changqing. Feng Shubin. Liu State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

In order to meet the needs of sensor miniaturization, this paper implements a high integrative frequency measurement method in a low-end Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA). This method combines the simple structure of equal precision frequency measurement method and the high precision of TDC. The TDC uses tapped-delay line (TDL) structure and uses the wave union A method to reduce resource consumption and improve the resolution of time measurements. Tests have been done to verify the feasibility of this method, and the frequency measurement precision can reach Milli Hertz within 1s. This method has a broad prospect of low cost and miniaturization application.

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Prototype Design of the Time Measurement Circuit for SiPM-based T0 Detector of CEE 7

Prototype Design of the Time Measurement Circuit for SiPM-ba...

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2022 7th International Conference on Electronic Technology and Information Science, ICETIS 2022

作者： Cao, Jie Lu, Jiaming Zhao, Lei Qin, Jiajun Xu, Haoqian Liu, Shubin An, Qi State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9783800757794

In Cooling Storage Ring (CSR) External-target Experiment (CEE), the T0 detector, based on plastic scintillator and SiPM, is located in the front portion of the beam target. It is designed to record the beam's arrival time and provide the start time to the other detectors. In this paper, a prototype design of the readout electronics system for the T0 detector is presented. This design aims to reach a high precision time measurement and requires a resolution under 50 ps RMS each channel for the whole system — the combination of T0 detectors and readout electronics system. To achieve high precision time measurement, a circuit divided into two parts is implemented — the pre-amplification and discrimination circuit based on NINO chip and the circuit that realizes Time-to-Digital Converter (TDC) based on FPGA. Meanwhile, the temperature compensation circuit for the SiPMs is implemented to eliminate the temperature drift by altering the operating voltage (Vop) of the SiPM. By conducting a series of tests to evaluate the performance of this prototype circuit, the function has been proven to be successful with a resolution of the readout electronic system better than 15 ps RMS within the dynamic range of detector output signals. A high resolution of voltage adjustment can be made using the temperature compensation circuits. © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach.

关键词： Timing circuits

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An Electronic Design for a Multi-channel Digital Positron Annihilation Spectrometer Based on Multiplexing Technology 5

An Electronic Design for a Multi-channel Digital Positron An...

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5th IEEE International Conference on electronics Technology, ICET 2022

作者： Libo, Gu Hao, Liang Jiajin, Ge University of Science and Technology of China State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Department of Modern Physics Hefei China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665485081

Positron Annihilation Spectroscopy (PAS), as an important method for studying the microstructure of materials, has the advantages of high sensitivity and no damage to the tested samples. As Silicon Photomultiplier (Si-PM) has the advantages of low price, small size, light weight, low power consumption, high photon detection efficiency, and sensitivity to magnetic fields, it is widely used in PAS. However, some experiments need to collect the position information of photons, which requires a large number of readout channels, will greatly increases the cost. This paper proposes a resistor network design based on multiplexing technology, which simplifies the 8*8 readout channels to 4 channels. © 2022 IEEE.

关键词： Spectrometers

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A study of liquid argon detector’s n/discrimination capability with PMT or SiPM readout

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Radiation detection Technology and Methods 2024年第2期8卷 1246-1253页

作者： Y.D.Chen Y.Lei L.Wang M.Y.Guan T.A.Wang C.Guo J.C.Liu C.G.Yang X.H.Liang School of Electronic Electrical Engineering and PhysicsFujian University of TechnologyFuzhouChina Experimental Physics Division Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina School of Physics University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics BeijingChina State Key Laboratory of High Power Semiconductor Laser College of PhysicsChangchun University of Science and TechnologyChangchunJilinChina Astro-particle Physics Division Institute of High Energy PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceBeijingChina

Background Liquid Argon(LAr)is used as a target material in several current and planned experiments related to dark matter direct searching and neutrino *** provides excellent pulse shape discrimination(PSD)capability,which could separate the electron recoil backgrounds from the expected nuclear recoil *** the next-generation photosensors,silicon photon multiplier(SiPM)is expected to replace traditional photon multiplier *** The purpose of this paper is to compare the PSD capability of a LAr detector between using SiPMs as photosensors and using PMTs as *** The PSD capability of a LAr detector is determined through the prompt fraction method,which relies on the analysis of output *** pulses are generated using Monte Carlo simulation,incorporating real single photoelectron pulses obtained from a PMT or a *** Three kinds of SiPMs and one kind of PMT have been used to compare the PSD capability of a LAr *** use of J-60035 SiPM results in a better PSD capability compared to the use of PMT as a photosensor,while using the other two kinds of SiPM deteriorates the PSD *** SiPM is a promising photosensor candidate for a LAr *** better energy resolution could help to improve its PSD capability,while the higher probabilities of cross-talk and after-pulse degrade its PSD ***,after-pulse has a more significant impact compared to cross-talk because after-pulse influences the energy distribution within the time window,while cross-talk primarily affects the energy resolution of the detector.

关键词： Liquid argon SiPM PMT F90 PSD

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General Nuclear Signal Acquisition System Based on Reconstruction Technology

General Nuclear Signal Acquisition System Based on Reconstru...

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International Conference on electronics Technology (ICET)

作者： Wei Wenshan Jin Ge Li Yingjie State Key Laboratory of Particle Detection and Electronics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Since the 1960s and 1970s, the research of nuclear detection methods has been the focus of attention. On this basis, a series of nuclear signal processing methods and nuclear instruments based on NIM, CAMAC and VME have been developed. With the advent of the digital information age, the introduction of digital pulse processing technology and reconstruction technology has broken the traditional processing way of nuclear signal in nuclear detection system and become a new development direction of nuclear electronics. In this paper, a general nuclear signal acquisition system based on reconfiguration technology is introduced. Based on the reconfigurable characteristics of FPGA, the acquisition system has waveform display, calibrator, digital multichannel and other functions on the unified hardware platform through the modular configuration of FPGA, so as to meet different detection requirements. The test shows that the acquisition system is superior to commercial equipment in performance, and can fully meet the basic needs of ion detection, and the integration is higher, more convenient, economic and universal.

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