Error diffusion is a popular halftoning algorithm that in its most widely used form, is inherently serial. As a serial algorithm, error diffusion offers limited opportunity for large-scale parallelism. In some impleme...
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Error diffusion is a popular halftoning algorithm that in its most widely used form, is inherently serial. As a serial algorithm, error diffusion offers limited opportunity for large-scale parallelism. In some implementations, it may result in excessive bus traffic between the on-chip processor and the off-chip memory used to store the modified continuous-tone image and the halftone image. We introduce a new error diffusion algorithm in which the image is processed in two groups of interlaced blocks. Within each group, the blocks may be processed entirely independently. In the first group, the error diffusion proceeds along an outward spiral from the center of the block. Errors along the boundaries of blocks in the first group are diffused into neighboring blocks in the second group, within which the error diffusion spirals inward. A tone-dependent error diffusion training framework is used to eliminate artifacts associated with the spiral scan paths. We demonstrate image quality which approaches that achieved by conventional line-by-line error diffusion.
With the rapid increase in the available information over the Internet, it is important to develop an efficient search and retrieval mechanism. In particular, the use of distributed search will be beneficial to many u...
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With the rapid increase in the available information over the Internet, it is important to develop an efficient search and retrieval mechanism. In particular, the use of distributed search will be beneficial to many users. This paper presents two proposals to implement such approach. The first one is based on an intelligent personal agent to assist in finding pages relevant to the behavior and characteristics of the user. Secondly, distributed knowledge base situated across the network will lighten the query-processing loads. Distributed knowledge bases on separate issues located at different servers can be treated as integrated domain knowledge. The integrated knowledge is then used in an inference process at the main server. In this paper, the technical issues on the above model will be addressed.
Augmented reality requires real and virtual objects to be registered in three dimensions from any viewing direction. Therefore, accurate, large field of regard head tracking is needed. As a part of a research effort t...
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ISBN:
(纸本)0970789017
Augmented reality requires real and virtual objects to be registered in three dimensions from any viewing direction. Therefore, accurate, large field of regard head tracking is needed. As a part of a research effort to design probes to track the position and orientation of the head of a user in a virtual environment, an algorithm is provided for the uniform distribution of an arbitrary number of beacons on a spherical probe using simulated annealing. The validity of the algorithm is tested by comparison to the tetrahedron, octahedron, and icosahedron, which are spherical equivalents. Additionally, variations upon the cooling sch.dule implemented in the algorithm and the effects upon the resulting point distributions are examined. Finally, a successfully constructed head-tracking probe is presented and the generalization of the algorithm to probes of other shapes is discussed.
This paper presents an investigation of the characteristics and performance of a Photovoltaic (PV)-diesel Hybrid Energy System for teaching and research purposes. The system was developed at the Centre for Renewable E...
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This paper presents an investigation of the characteristics and performance of a Photovoltaic (PV)-diesel Hybrid Energy System for teaching and research purposes. The system was developed at the Centre for Renewable Energy and Sustainable Technologies Australia (CRESTA) at Curtin University, Australia. It is intended that the system will be introduced to remote areas where the main elec.ricity grids are not available. The system comprises of PV module of 1.2 kWp, a 5 kVA diesel generator, a 5 kVA bi-directional inverter and a 13 kWh battery bank. It also incorporates a weather station which measures the horizontal and tilt (32°) irradiation, ambient temperature and barometer pressure. Data from the site have been recorded continuously. The average global radiation is 5.17 kWh/day and the tilt radiation, is 5.62 kWh/day. The performance ratio of the PV-array has been calculated approximately as 0.6. The average fuel efficiency of the motor generator is 1.67 kWh/ltr based on a predictive control strategy. The battery efficiency is 0.96 while and the overall system efficiency is found to be 0.64. The system runs in synchronism with a diesel generator and a predictive control strategy, which is based on the theoretical control principles for optimum supply side management.
In this paper we propose a new hierarchical 3D facial model based on anatomical knowledge that provides high fidelity for realistic facial expression animation. Like real human face, the facial model has a hierarchica...
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In this paper we propose a new hierarchical 3D facial model based on anatomical knowledge that provides high fidelity for realistic facial expression animation. Like real human face, the facial model has a hierarchical biomechanical structure, incorporating a physically-based approximation to facial skin tissue, a set of anatomically-motivated facial muscle actuators and underlying skull structure. The deformable skin model has multi-layer structure to approximate different types of soft tissue. It takes into account the nonlinear stress-strain relationship of the skin and the fact that soft tissue is almost incompressible. Different types of muscle models have been developed to simulate distribution of the muscle force on the skin due to muscle contraction. By the presence of the skull model, our facial model takes advantage of both more accurate facial deformation and the consideration of facial anatomy during the interactive definition of facial muscles. Under the muscular force, the deformation of the facial skin is evaluated using numerical integration of the governing dynamic equations. The dynamic facial animation algorithm runs at interactive rate with flexible and realistic facial expressions to be generated.
In this paper, we present the results of a series of experiments demonstrating real-time vapor phase detection of cocaine molecules using immunosensors based on Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators.
In this paper, we present the results of a series of experiments demonstrating real-time vapor phase detection of cocaine molecules using immunosensors based on Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) resonators.
Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to monitor plasma emission intensity in reactive ion etching (RIE) systems as a means for determining process endpoint. While OES is an excellent tool for monitoring plasma ...
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Optical emission spectroscopy (OES) is used to monitor plasma emission intensity in reactive ion etching (RIE) systems as a means for determining process endpoint. While OES is an excellent tool for monitoring plasma emission intensity, its primary problem is the large dimensionality of the spectroscopic data. To alleviate this concern, the use of an autoencoder neural network (AENN) is proposed as a means of feature extraction to reduce the dimensionality of OES data. AENNs are trained with OES data generated from factorial experiment designed to characterize RIE process variation during the etching of benzocyclobutene (BCB) in an SF6/O2 plasma with controllable input factors consisting of the two gas flows, RF power, and chamber pressure. Models of etch rate, uniformity, selec.ivity, and anisotropy are constructed. For each response, AENN with 7 hidden neurons is able to capture the relevant variation with scaled RMS errors less than 6%. Subsequently, multi-layer perceptron NNs are used to model the responses using only the compressed OES data. These models exhibit scaled RMS prediction errors as low as 1.49%.
Iris Technology has been successfully applied to person verification and identification. However, all commercial products require user cooperation for iris image capture. This paper examines the new challenges of iris...
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ISBN:
(纸本)9810474806
Iris Technology has been successfully applied to person verification and identification. However, all commercial products require user cooperation for iris image capture. This paper examines the new challenges of iris recognition when extended to less cooperative situations. With the current stress on security and surveillance, this has been an important consideration. First, a summary of research findings of the past decade on iris recognition is described. Then we identified new challenges that will be encountered when extending these methods to less cooperative situations. The difficulties are great and this paper describes some initial work into this area. One difficulty studied is the loss of iris details captured. We propose a modified Kolmogorov complexity measure based on maximum Shannon entropy of wavelet packet reconstruction to quantify the iris information. Real-time eye-corner tracking, iris segmentation and feature extraction algorithms are implemented. Video images of the iris are captured by an ordinary CCD camera with a zoom lens. Experiments are performed and the performances and analysis of iris code method and correlation method are described. Several useful findings were reached albeit from a small database. The iris codes were found to contain almost all the discriminating information. Our correlation approach coupled with nearest neighbour classification outperforms the conventional thresholding method for iris recognition with degraded images.
The influence of geometrical scaling on low-frequency noise in SiGe HBTs is presented for the first time. Small-size transistors show a strong variation in noise across many samples, whereas the noise in larger device...
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The influence of geometrical scaling on low-frequency noise in SiGe HBTs is presented for the first time. Small-size transistors show a strong variation in noise across many samples, whereas the noise in larger devices is more statistically reproducible. The impact of size variations on noise can produce challenges for accurate compact modeling. This effect is investigated using reverse-bias emitter-base stress measurements and calculations based on the superposition of G/R noise sources.
With increasing fuel costs and concerns over environmental issues, the utilisation of biomass for fossil fuel substitution has drawn much attention with high potential for developing countries. It may supply over 33% ...
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ISBN:
(纸本)8388764764
With increasing fuel costs and concerns over environmental issues, the utilisation of biomass for fossil fuel substitution has drawn much attention with high potential for developing countries. It may supply over 33% of their energy consumption. In the case of Thailand, large quantities of agricultural residues are available after harvesting and milling. In Northeastern Thailand, over 1 Mt/year of maize are produced. This paper describes the potential of utilising maize residues for elec.ricity generation. Based on research, the strategy of removing agricultural wastes while maintaining soil productivity is considered. The quantities of maize residues were estimated on the basis of maize production and residue-to-product ratios. It was found that at least 12 TJ/year of energy could be utilised. This can be a substantial energy source suitable for small-scaled elec.ricity generation. The economic factors considered are: efficiencies of the components;fuel cost;capital cost;elec.ricity prices;and interest rates.
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