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ACM Transactions on Computational Logic 2005年第2期6卷 273-294页

作者： Kupferman, Orna Vardi, Moshe Y. Hebrew University Rice University Sch. of Comp. Sci. and Engineering Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel Department of Computer Science Rice University Houston TX 77005-1892

Model checking is a method for the verification of systems with respect to their specifications. Symbolic model-checking, which enables the verification of large systems, proceeds by calculating fixed-point expressions over the system's set of states. The μ-calculus is a branching-time temporal logic with fixed-point operators. As such, it is a convenient logic for symbolic model-checking tools. In particular, the alternation-free fragment of μ-calculus has a restricted syntax, making the symbolic evaluation of its formulas computationally easy. Formally, it takes time that is linear in the size of the system. On the other hand, specifiers find the μ-calculus inconvenient. In addition, specifiers often prefer to use linear-time formalisms. Such formalisms, however, cannot in general be translated to the alternation-free μ-calculus, and their symbolic evaluation involves nesting of fixed-points, resulting in time complexity that is quadratic in the size of the system. In this article, we characterize linear-time properties that can be specified in the alternation-free μ-calculus. We show that a linear-time property can be specified in the alternation-free μ-calculus iff it can be recognized by a deterministic Büchi automaton. We study the problem of deciding whether a linear-time property, specified by either an automaton or an LTL formula, can be translated to an alternation-free μ.-calculus formula, and describe the translation, when possible. © 2005 ACM.

关键词： Formal logic

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Bayesian network learning with feature abstraction for gene-drug dependency analysis

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Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 2005年第1期3卷 61-77页

作者： Chang, Jeong-Ho Hwang, Kyu-Baek Oh, S. June Zhang, Byoung-Tak Biointelligence Laboratory Sch. of Computer Science/Engineering Seoul National University Seoul 151-742 South Korea Dept. of Pharmacol./Pharmacogen. Res College of Medicine Inje University Busan 614-735 South Korea

Combined analysis of the microarray and drug-activity datasets has the potential of revealing valuable knowledge about various relations among gene expressions and drug activities in the malignant cell. In this paper, we apply Bayesian networks, a tool for compact representation of the joint probability distribution, to such analysis. For the alleviation of data dimensionality problem, the huge datasets were condensed using a feature abstraction technique. The proposed analysis method was applied to the NCI60 dataset (http://***) consisting of gene expression profiles and drug activity patterns on human cancer cell lines. The Bayesian networks, learned from the condensed dataset, identified most of the salient pairwise correlations and some known relationships among several features in the original dataset, confirming the effectiveness of the proposed feature abstraction method. Also, a survey of the recent literature confirms the several relationships appearing in the learned Bayesian network to be biologically meaningful. © Imperial College Press.

关键词： Bayesian networks Feature abstraction Gene-drug dependency analysis Microarray

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A magnetically controllable valve to vary the resistance of hydraulic dampers for exercise machines

A magnetically controllable valve to vary the resistance of ...

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IEEE/ASME (AIM) International Conference on Advanced Intelligent Mechatronics

作者： B. Levins I. Gravagne Sch. of Eng. Baylor Univ. Waco TX School of Engineering and Computer Science Baylor University Waco TX USA

While the majority of exercise machines use weights, springs or spinning fans to generate motion resistance, a large number of machines also utilize linear fluid damping. Similar to a shock absorber, linear dampers are compact, extremely reliable, and produce "double positive" resistance (resistance to both directions of motion). However, they are difficult to adjust for higher or lower resistance. This paper illustrates a mechanism to vary the resistance of a linear damper, and illustrates with experimental data certain properties of the damper

关键词： Valves Damping Shock absorbers Immune system Pistons Magnetic liquids Orifices Magnetic heads Spinning Automotive engineering

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Systematic approaches for designing B2B applications

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International Journal of Electronic Commerce 2005年第2期9卷 41-70页

作者： Al-Naeem, Tariq Rabhi, Fethi A. Benatallah, Boualem Ray, Pradeep K. Sch. of Computer Science/Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia School of Information Systems University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia University of New South Wales Sydney NSW Australia University of Technology Sydney NSW Australia Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur India

The advent of the Internet has encouraged trading partners to collaborate electronically by leveraging the type of distributed applications usually referred to as business-to-business (B2B) applications. A review of the literature on B2B integration shows that designing B2B solutions is inherently complex because of the need to make integration design decisions at different levels of abstraction. For every decision, there may be several possible solutions offering different levels of quality. These alternatives may be offered in the form of integration approaches, patterns, models, technologies, standards, or protocols. In addition, integration design decisions and alternatives are often highly interdependent. Therefore, new approaches are needed to alleviate the design complexity of B2B applications. A framework is discussed that would help designers navigate design decisions and alternatives from early business process determination through the generation of technology-dependent integration architecture. Using patterns appropriately, the framework would enable designers to systematically evaluate and select design alternatives based on their quality attributes. Copyright © 2005 M.E. Sharpe, Inc. All rights reserved.

关键词： B2B application design B2B integration System integration design patterns

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Design and implementation of an end tidal CO2 simulator for the evaluation of clinical gas analysers

Design and implementation of an end tidal CO2 simulator for ...

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作者： Shakya, Kabita Deegan, Catherine Hegarty, Fran Markham, Charles Sch. of Informatics and Engineering Inst. of Technology Blanchardstown Dublin 2 Ireland Dept. of Med. Phys. and Bioeng. St. James's Hospital Dublin 2 Ireland Department of Computer Science National University of Ireland Maynooth Ireland

This paper presents a new technique to determine the dynamic and frequency response of capnographs using a custom built 'EtCO2 simulator system'. Capnographs are devices that use CO2 from a patients' expired breath to monitor the cardiopulmonary status during anaesthesia and mechanical ventilation. Capnographs at present are routinely calibrated via a static calibration method only. The dynamic response of the capnographs is not accounted for. The frequency and time response are important as they determine if capnographs can be used in high frequency and pediatric ventilation sch.mes. Experiments performed using the method described in this paper proved that old capnographs usually do not satisfy the manufacturer quoted specifications for time and frequency response. Therefore, a routine check for capnographs is recommended. The method can also be used to verify manufacturer quoted specifications. The EtCO2 simulator system, designed and constructed simulates human respiration cycle. The gas sources used are 5% CO2 and room air that can be switched alternatively. Both supplies are pressure regulated and connected through non-return valves to electric valves. The valves are microprocessor controlled and the on/off time is user defined allowing a wide range of waveforms to be simulated. The output from the simulator is delivered to capnograph. Capnograms are captured by digital video recording. The captured video in 'avi' file format is then converted into individual frames. These frames are converted into digital data through image processing in Matlab. The data obtained is subjected to extensive analysis to determine the frequency and time response of the respective capnograph. Copyright 2005 ISA. All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Biomedical equipment

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MPEG-4 video encoder based on DSP-FPGA techniques

MPEG-4 video encoder based on DSP-FPGA techniques

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International Conference on Communications, Circuits and Systems (ICCCAS)

作者： Jianwei Niu Rui Fie Jianping Hu School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing Beijing China Beihang University Beijing CN Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Beihang Univ. Beijing China

With the development of video encoding techniques, video compression algorithms become more complicated. A real-time high resolution video encoder cannot be implemented with a single CPU or DSP. We design and implement a MPEG-4 video encoder based on coordinated DSP-FPGA techniques. The FPGA module takes the tasks of video acquisition, YUV separation and data I/O functions, while the DSP is dedicated for video compression. We optimize the data flow sch.me of the MPEG-4 video compression to utilize the DSP's on-chip memory. A MB (macro block) type judging algorithm is proposed based on MB's space complexity. It effectively reduces the computational complexity of the video compression. The experimental results indicate that our MPEG-4 video encoder implementation can encode 39.2 fps in CIF resolution.

关键词： MPEG 4 Standard Video compression Digital signal processing Field programmable gate arrays Videoconference Internet Signal resolution SDRAM Helium computer science

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Finding interesting traversal patterns with linguistic parameters in fuzzy environment

Finding interesting traversal patterns with linguistic param...

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International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics (ICMLC)

作者： Rui Wuw Suo-Zhu Wang Yu Wang Sch. of Math. & Comput. Sci. Shanxi Teachers Univ. Linfen China School of Mathematics and Computer Science Shanxi Teachers University LinFen China Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Hebei University Baoding China Institute of Systems Engineering Tianjin University Tianjin China

The mining parameters in most conventional data mining are numerical. Thus this paper attempts to propose a novel Web mining technique using linguistic minimum support and preference to discover interesting patterns from log data in Web servers. Linguistic minimum support and preference are characterized as fuzzy linguistic variables that are denoted by corresponding triangular fuzzy variables. The linguistic inputs and outputs are more natural and understandable for human beings. In addition, time duration on a Web page is considered and characterized as a fuzzy linguistic variable. The interesting traversal patterns with fuzzy linguistic variables make people easily understand the users' browsing paths and behaviors. The proposed algorithm thus discovers interesting traversal patterns with linguistic restriction. Experiments show accuracy and scalability of the algorithm.

关键词： Data mining Fuzzy sets Web mining Humans Fuzzy systems Mathematics computer science Web pages Data engineering Systems engineering and theory

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Micromachined probe array for measurement of biological properties

Micromachined probe array for measurement of biological prop...

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International Conference on Solid State Sensors and Actuators (TRANSDUCERS)

作者： Jung-MuKim Dong Hoon Oh Chang-Wook Baek Jei-Won Cho Youngwoo Kwon Changyul Cheon Yong-Kweon Kim Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Seoul Nat. Univ. South Korea Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Seoul Seoul Korea School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Chung-Ang University Seoul Korea School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Seoul National University Seoul Korea

ISBN: (纸本)0780389948

This paper described the concept of a probe array for the measurement of biological properties and showed the implementation of a novel probe array for the biological measurement using MEMS technology. We experimentally show the feasibility of the micromachined probe array for biological application through this work. Many researchers have performed the dielectric measurement of liquids or biological samples using a single probe which is manufactured by laser machining. They should perform repetitive experiments point by point to obtain the biological properties of multiple points using a single probe. Moreover the size of single probe and Subminiature A (SMA) connector, which is connected with probe and test cable of network analyzer, are limited and the cost of probe and connector are very high. However, we could obtain the biological information of multiple points by one contact with a sample using the micromachined probe array at a time. Also we can reduce the size and cost of probe using wafer level process.

关键词： Probes Dielectric measurements Connectors Costs Micromechanical devices Performance evaluation Dielectric liquids Manufacturing Machining Testing

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A configuration memory architecture for fast run-time reconfiguration of FPGAs

A configuration memory architecture for fast run-time reconf...

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International Conference on Field Programmable Logic and Applications

作者： U. Malik O. Diessef School of Computer Science and Engineering University of New South Wales Sydney Australia University of New South Wales Sydney NSW AU Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. New South Wales Univ. Sydney NSW Australia

This paper presents a configuration memory architecture that offers fast FPGA reconfiguration. The underlying principle behind the design is the use of fine-grained partial reconfiguration that allows significant configuration re-use while switching from one circuit to another. The proposed configuration memory works by reading on-chip configuration data into a buffer, modifying them based on the externally supplied data and writing them back to their original registers. A prototype implementation of the proposed design in a 90nm cell library indicates that the new memory adds less than 1% area to a commercially available FPGA implemented using the same library. The proposed design reduces the reconfiguration time for a wide set of benchmark circuits by 63%. However, power consumption during reconfiguration increases by a factor of 2.5 because the read-modify-write strategy results in more switching in the memory array.

关键词： Memory architecture Runtime Field programmable gate arrays Libraries Switching circuits Read-write memory Writing Registers Prototypes Energy consumption

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Random and linear address allocation for mobile ad hoc networks

Random and linear address allocation for mobile ad hoc netwo...

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IEEE Conference on Wireless Communications and Networking

作者： Nakiung Choi C.K. Toh Yongho Seok Dongkyun Kim Yanghee Choi Sch. of Comput. Sci. & Eng. Seoul Nat. Univ. South Korea Communication Networks Queen''s Mary University of London London UK Communication Networks Queen Mary University of London London UK School of Computer Science and Engineering Seoul National University Seoul Korea Department of Computer Engineering Kyungpook National University Daegu Korea

To join an IP network and communicate with others, a node needs to be configured either manually by an administrator or automatically through a DHCP server. However, the former method is impractical for large networks, while the latter is infeasible in the case of a mobile ad hoc network due to the mobility of the nodes. This paper introduces two distributed IP address auto-configuration mechanisms for mobile ad hoc networks, namely (a) RADA (random address allocation) and (b) LiA (linear allocation). RADA is based on random IP address selection, while LiA linearly assigns new addresses by utilizing the current maximum IP address value. We have also introduced an improved version of LiA, known as LiACR (linear allocation with collision resolution), which reduces control overhead. Then, we discuss extensions of these mechanisms capable of handling network partitioning and merging. Performance evaluations of RADA, LiA and LiACR were conducted through simulation. The results related to address allocation time and control overhead are presented and compared.

关键词： Mobile ad hoc networks Routing protocols Internet computer science Communication networks computer networks IP networks Network servers Merging Femtocell networks

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