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Intersociety Conference on Energy Conversion engineering (IECEC)

作者： D. Arjona R.K. Lay R.J. Harrington Sch. of Eng. & Appl. Sci. George Washington Univ. Washington DC USA School of Engineering and Applied Science Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science George Washington University Columbia WA USA

This paper is intended to present an approach to decision making in the operation of electrical power systems that will use a simple genetic algorithm as a teacher for the process of supervised learning of a feedforward, backpropagation artificial neural network. The fitness function used in the genetic algorithm is based on a load flow program and used to determine the optimal condition of the critical switches of the system. Reward and penalty functions are applied to it in order to emphasize environmental, economic, security, robustness, public policy and other considerations as they are predetermined by the philosophy of operation of the electric utility. These considerations (policies) become a part of the training set and operation of the neural network. The fitness function used by the genetic algorithm in order to rank the possible solutions is based on a load flow program. The binary nature of the genetic algorithm is particularly appropriate for the operation of switches. The result of the methodology is the equivalent of an online implicit load flow program used to redesign the configuration of the power system in real-time by opening and closing critical switches that are placed along the power system. Experiments leading towards the development of this methodology using real data from the Peninsular Control Area (The Yucatan Peninsula) of the National Mexican Interconnected Power Grid are also presented.

关键词： Artificial neural networks Genetic algorithms Load flow Switches Power system interconnection Hybrid power systems Decision making Supervised learning Backpropagation Power generation economics

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A method for structural testing of Ada concurrent programs using the Event Interactions Graph 3

A method for structural testing of Ada concurrent programs u...

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3rd Asia-Pacific Software engineering Conference, APSEC 1996

作者： Katayama, T. Furukawa, Z. Ushijima, K. Graduate Sch. of Inf. Sci. Nara Inst. of Sci. and Technol. 8916-5 Takayama Ikoma Nara630-01 Japan Educational Center for Information Processing Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1 Fukuoka812-81 Japan Department of Computer Science and Communication Engineering Kyushu University Hakozaki 6-10-1 Fukuoka812-81 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0818676388

Software testing generally proceeds as follows: generating test-cases, selecting test-data, executing a test target program, inspecting execution result and evaluating whether testing has already been sufficient or not yet. As for methods for structural testing of programs, the way using a coverage, where the coverage means what extent given testing criteria are satisfied, is noted. At the evaluating step, whether or not we finish the testing is determined in view of the coverage. This paper proposes a method for structural testing of concurrent programs written in Ada programming language, especially, test-case generation and execution of the programs. The Event InterActions Graph (EIAG) is used as a model for concurrent programs. The EIAG consists of Event Graphs and Interactions. An Event Graph is a control flow graph of a program unit in a concurrent program. The Interactions represent interactions between the program units. Program units are such as procedures, functions and task-Types. After generating test-cases on the EIAG, a method for selecting test-data is described and measures to cope with infeasible test-cases with which are generated in this step is clarified. And a forced execution of a test target concurrent program in order to solve the nondeterministic execution is investigated. The nondeterministic execution is characteristic of concurrent programs. © 1996 IEEE.

关键词： Software testing

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Improving n-gram models by incorporating enhanced distributions

Improving n-gram models by incorporating enhanced distributi...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： P. O'Boyle J. Ming J. McMahon F.J. Smith Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Queen's Univ. Belfast UK School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Queen''s University Belfast Belfast UK

Two methods of improving conventional n-gram statistical language models are examined. The first involves using a new set of n-gram statistics that attempt to improve the ability of a system to identify phrases correctly. The second involves replacing the maximum likelihood unigram component with an optimised distribution. We test these approaches by incorporating them into weighted average [1] and deleted estimate [2] language models trained on a large newspaper corpus. The improvements lead to a reduction in perplexity of 4.5% and 4.9% respectively for these models.

关键词： Maximum likelihood estimation Statistical distributions Testing Frequency estimation Databases computer science Probability distribution Context modeling

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Complete FIR principal component filter banks

Complete FIR principal component filter banks

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IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS)

作者： B. Xuan R.H. Barnberger School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Washington State Univ. Pullman WA USA

The design of paraunitary analysis/synthesis multirate filter banks when the analysis/synthesis filters are optimized to the input signal have recently received a great deal of attention in the literature. These systems are designed for maximal energy compactness which in turn maximize theoretical coding gain. In a previous paper, 2D factorizable FIR optimal paraunitary multirate filter bank systems are discussed. This paper will address the 2D complete version of the systems, termed 2D complete FIR principal component filter banks (PCFB's). Experimental results demonstrate the potentials of the systems.

关键词： Finite impulse response filter Channel bank filters Filter bank Signal synthesis Signal analysis Signal design IIR filters computer science Design optimization Speech synthesis

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Arbitrary distance function estimation using vector quantization

Arbitrary distance function estimation using vector quantiza...

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International Conference on Neural Networks

作者： B.J. Oommen I. Kuban Altinel N. Aras Sch. of Computer Science Carleton University Ottawa Canada Department of Indus.Engineering Bogazici University Istanbul Turkey

In this paper we shall utilize the concepts of vector quantization (VQ) for the computation of arbitrary distance functions-a problem which has been receiving much attention in the operations research and location analysis community. The input to our problem is the set of coordinates of a large number of nodes whose inter-node arbitrary "distances" have to be estimated. Unlike traditional operations research methods, which use parametric functional estimators, we have utilized VQ principles to first adaptively polarize the nodes into sub-regions according to Kohonen's self-organizing map. Subsequently, the parameters characterizing the sub-regions are learnt by using a variety of methods.

关键词： Vector quantization Operations research Councils Roads computer science Polarization Cities and towns Lattices Optimization methods Neural networks

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Parallel image matching on a distributed system

Parallel image matching on a distributed system

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IEEE International Conference on Algorithms and Architectures for Parallel Processing (ICAP)

作者： J. You W.P. Zhu E. Pissaloux H.A. Cohen School of Computer and Information Science University of South Australia SA Australia Sch. of Comput. & Inf. Sci Univ. of South Australia The Levels SA Australia Department of Computer Science and Computer Engineering La Trobe University Bundoora VIC Australia

Image matching based on image feature pixels involves heavily iterated computation and repeated memory access. In our previous work the detection of interesting points has been reported as an efficient pre-processing step to extract binary images for further matching in terms of certain distance measurement. This paper presents our extension to a parallel implementation of the matching sch.me for object recognition on a low cost heterogeneous PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) network. While most of the sequential execution time is spent on image feature extraction, distance transform and matching measurement, our investigation shows that a distributed memory multicomputer can best meet the high computational and memory access demands in image processing. The performance is evaluated in terms of execution time. We conclude that parallel image processing con be implemented on a general distributed system to achieve the speedup without specific hardware requirement.< >

关键词： Image matching Image processing Pixel Distance measurement Object recognition Costs Virtual machining Feature extraction Time measurement Distributed computing

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A neural approach to optical image reconstruction

A neural approach to optical image reconstruction

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IEEE International Conference on Image Processing

作者： Beng-Heok Tan A. Wahah Eng-Chong Tan School of Applied Science Division of Computer Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore Nanyang Technological University Singapore Singapore SG Sch. of Appl. Sci. Nanyang Technol. Univ. Singapore

The paper presents, with experimental results, a method of applying Fourier optical signal processing as a pre-processor to a digital signal system. The input illumination is a coherent light source from a HeNe laser and computation of the Fourier transform (FT) is carried out via a FT lens. An image is placed in the front focal plane of the FT lens and the Fourier transform appears at the rear focal plane. A low cost charged coupled devices (CCD) camera is employed to capture the optical Fourier signal. Due to avalanche effects and the easily saturated characteristics inherent in all CCD cameras, a very noisy and saturated power spectral density is captured. In order to retrieve the original image back using the input/output approach proposed by Fienup [1978], important criteria like the initial guess object and the imposed Fourier object constraints plays a crucial role in the reconstruction process. The paper also proposes a low-cost and an efficient way of how neural networks can be used as a productive tool in the process of solving the phase-retrieval problem of reconstructing a general object from the modulus of its Fourier-transformed optical image. Problems encountered during the construction phase were studied and solutions were provided both at the optical processing and digital system ends. This helps to understand the accuracy of the transformation, the practical behaviour and characteristics of the optical lens system.

关键词： Image reconstruction Optical signal processing Optical saturation Lenses Fourier transforms Charge coupled devices Charge-coupled image sensors Optical computing Signal processing Lighting

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Multicast switch based on tandem expanded delta network

Multicast switch based on tandem expanded delta network

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Proceedings of GLOBECOM '95

作者： R. Venkateswaran C.S. Raghavendra Sch. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Washington State Univ. Pullman WA USA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA

High speed networking applications like video-on-demand require the support of switches which can handle very high multicast loads. B-ISDN switches with multicasting capabilities can be used to support such applications efficiently. These switches must be fast and the routing delays for the packets must be small. The switches studied in the literature can support multicast loads (ratio of number of multicast packets to total number of packets) of 25-30%; without much degradation in performance. But, for higher loads, the delays of the packets can be very large. We describe a new design for a switch which can withstand multicast loads of 85-90% without a loss in performance. The switch has very low latency, small packet routing delay and minimal buffering. These features make the switch an attractive component for future high-speed networks.

关键词： Switches Packet switching Delay Routing Government High-speed networks Hardware computer science Application software Degradation

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Numerical validation method for nonlinear equations using interval analysis and rational arithmetic

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ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS IN JAPAN PART III-FUNDAMENTAL ELECTRONIC science 1995年第7期78卷 99-112页

作者： Kashiwagi, M Oishi, S School of Science and Engineering Waseda University Tokyo Japan 169 Members Shin'ichi Oishi received his B.E. and Dr. of Eng. degrees in 1976 and 1981 respectively from Waseda University. Since 1980 he has been affiliated with Waseda University and ispresently Professor in the Department of Inf. Sch. Sci. Eng. He was a Visiting Researcher from March 1987 to March 1988 at the University of California Berkeley. He is engagedin research on mathematical information engineering focusing on nonlinear systems. He received the Paper Award in 1991. This paper proposes an algorithm with a guaranteed accuracy for the finite-dimensional nonlinear equation. First an algorithm is shown which can determine the interval containing the true solution based on the given approximiate solution. the method is based on the interval analysis and considers the representation error of the equation. Then the interval iteration method is shown which can arbitrarily reduce the interval. the rational number arithmetic is used and the rounding of the rational number is utilized effectively. Finally an experimental implementation of the algorithm on a computer is presented together with some numerical examples.

This paper proposes an algorithm with a guaranteed accuracy for the finite-dimensional nonlinear equation. First, an algorithm is shown which can determine the interval containing the true solution, based on the given approximate solution. The method is based on the interval analysis and considers the representation error of the equation. Then the interval iteration method is shown which can arbitrarily reduce the interval. The rational number arithmetic is used and the rounding of the rational number is utilized effectively. Finally, an experimental implementation of the algorithm on a computer is presented, together with some numerical examples.

关键词： numerical validation interval analysis rational arithmetic Krawczyk's interval function nonlinear equation

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DC MODELING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ALGAAS/GAAS HETEROJUNCTION BIPOLAR-TRANSISTORS FOR HIGH-TEMPERATURE APPLICATIONS

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IEEE JOURNAL OF SOLID-STATE CIRCUITS 1994年第2期29卷 108-116页

作者： DIKMEN, CT DOGAN, NS OSMAN, MA School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Washington State University Pullman WA USA Sch. of Electr. Eng. and Comput. Sci. Washington State Univ. Pullman WA USA

The large signal dc characteristics of AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT) at high temperatures (27-degrees-300-degrees-C) are reported. A high-temperature SPICE model is developed which includes the recombination-generation current components and avalanche multiplication which become extremely important at high temperatures. The effect of avalanche breakdown is also included to model the current due to thermal generation of electron/hole pairs causing breakdown at high temperatures. A parameter extraction program is developed and used to extract the model parameters of HBT's at different temperatures. Fitting functions for the model parameters as a function of temperature are developed. These parameters are then used in the SPICE Ebers-Moll model for the dc characterization of the HBT at any temperature between (27-degrees-300-degrees-C).

关键词： Temperature bipolar transistors high temperature function of temperature Function SPICE model parameters Heterojunction bipolar transistors High temperature applications Townsend disch.rge avalanche breakdown applicable temperature

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