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Skin cancer detection using optimized mask R-CNN and two-fold-deep-learning-classifier framework

Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-28页

作者： Reddy, Akepati Sankar M.P, Gopinath School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Skin cancer is a serious and potentially life-threatening condition caused by DNA damage in the skin cells, leading to genetic mutations and abnormal cell growth. These mutations can cause the cells to divide and grow uncontrollably, forming a tumor on the skin. To prevent skin cancer from spreading and potentially leading to serious complications, it's critical to identify and treat it as early as possible. An innovative two-fold deep learning based skin cancer detection model is presented in this research work. Five main stages make up the proposed model: Preprocessing, segmentation, feature extraction, feature selection, and skin cancer detection. Initially, the Min–max contrast stretching and median filtering used to pre-process the collected raw image. From the pre-processed image, the Region of Intertest (ROI) is identified via optimized mask Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN). Then, from the identified ROI areas, the texture features like Illumination-invariant Binary Gabor Pattern (II-BGP), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Gray-Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Color feature such as Color Correlogram and Histogram Intersection, and Shape feature including Moments, Area, Perimeter, Eccentricity, Average bending energy are extracted. To choose the optimal features from the extracted ones, the Golden Eagle Mutated Leader Optimization (GEMLO) is used. The proposed Golden Eagle Mutated Leader Optimization (GEMLO) is the conceptual amalgamation of the standard Mutated Leader Algorithm (MLA) and Golden Eagle Optimizer are used to select best features (GEO). The skin cancer detection is accomplished via two-fold-deep-learning-classifiers, that includes the Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs) and Multi-Layer Perception (MLP). The final outcome is the combination of the outcomes acquired from Fully Convolutional Neural Networks (FCNs) and Multi-Layer Perception (MLP). The PYTHON platform is being used to implement the suggested model. Using the curre

关键词： Median filters

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Feature-Grounded Single-Stage Text-to-Image Generation

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第2期29卷 469-480页

作者： Yuan Zhou Peng Wang Lei Xiang Haofeng Zhang School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China

Recently,Generative Adversarial Networks(GANs)have become the mainstream text-to-image(T2I)***,a standard normal distribution noise of inputs cannot provide sufficient information to synthesize an image that approaches the ground-truth image ***,the multistage generation strategy results in complex T2I ***,this study proposes a novel feature-grounded single-stage T2I model,which considers the“real”distribution learned from training images as one input and introduces a worst-case-optimized similarity measure into the loss function to enhance the model's generation *** results on two benchmark datasets demonstrate the competitive performance of the proposed model in terms of the Frechet inception distance and inception score compared to those of some classical and state-of-the-art models,showing the improved similarities among the generated image,text,and ground truth.

关键词： text-to-image(T2I) feature-grounded single-stage generation Generative Adversarial Network(GAN)

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Hybrid IT? Algorithm for Large-Scale Colored Traveling Salesman Problem

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2024年第6期33卷 1337-1345页

作者： Xueshi DONG College of Computer Science and Technology Qingdao University Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Spatial Information Engineering School of Computer Science Wuhan University

In the fields of intelligent transportation and multi-task cooperation, many practical problems can be modeled by colored traveling salesman problem(CTSP). When solving large-scale CTSP with a scale of more than 1000dimensions, their convergence speed and the quality of their solutions are limited. This paper proposes a new hybrid IT?(HIT?) algorithm, which integrates two new strategies, crossover operator and mutation strategy, into the standard IT?. In the iteration process of HIT?, the feasible solution of CTSP is represented by the double chromosome coding, and the random drift and wave operators are used to explore and develop new unknown regions. In this process, the drift operator is executed by the improved crossover operator, and the wave operator is performed by the optimized mutation strategy. Experiments show that HIT? is superior to the known comparison algorithms in terms of the quality solution.

关键词： Transportation Traveling salesman problems Multitasking Encoding Standards Biological cells Convergence

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Numerical simulation for the initial state of avalanche in polydisperse particle systems

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Chinese Physics B 2024年第2期33卷 405-412页

作者：韩韧李亭迟志鹏杨晖李然 School of Optical-Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science and TechnologyShanghai 200093China

Numerical simulation is employed to investigate the initial state of avalanche in polydisperse particle *** and propagation processes are illustrated for pentadisperse and triadisperse particle systems,*** these processes,particles involved in the avalanche grow slowly in the early stage and explosively in the later stage,which is clearly different from the continuous and steady growth trend in the monodisperse *** examining the avalanche propagation,the number growth of particles involved in the avalanche and the slope of the number growth,the initial state can be divided into three stages:T1(nucleation stage),T2(propagation stage),T3(overall avalanche stage).We focus on the characteristics of the avalanche in the T2 stage,and find that propagation distances increase almost linearly in both axial and radial directions in polydisperse *** also consider the distribution characteristics of the average coordination number and average velocity for the moving *** results support that the polydisperse particle systems are more stable in the T2 stage.

关键词： avalanche initial state polydisperse particle systems propagation

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Dual strategy for single image denoising and generation using deep neural network

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第18期84卷 19255-19271页

作者： J, Ranjith Sarobin, Vergin Raja Bhargavi, Renta Chintala School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

Removing noise in the real-world scenario has been a daunting task in the field of natural language processing. Research has shown that Deep Neural Networks (DNN) have proven to be very useful in terms of noise generation in order to synthesize noise and clean image couples in order to train the deep denoiser architectures. In our work, we develop a method that denoises an image while dealing hand in hand with image generation tasks so as to facilitate the former and reduce the load on the denoiser. We use a probabilistic model by learning the joint distribution of the noisy and clean image couples. To be more specific, we use an approximation of the above-mentioned probabilistic distribution by using two different forms, one that can map clean images to noisy, hereafter referred to as the generator, and the vice versa, i.e., mapping a noisy image to a clean image hereafter referred to as the image denoiser. The advantage of this method is that as compared to traditional models where manual design of the images beforehand and deducing information on the noise assumption was critical, the learned probabilistic joint distribution now implicitly holds the required details related to the clean and noisy images. The main aim of the symmetric generator is to enhance the performance of the denoiser by generating synthetic noisy images from the same dataset itself. The evaluation of the denoiser was done using two evaluation metrics, peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity index (SSIM). The entire experiment was conducted using the publicly available Smartphone Image Denoising Dataset (SIDD). © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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A comprehensive survey of image compression methods: from prediction models to advanced techniques

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年 1-39页

作者： Devadason, Joshua Rajah D, Aju School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India

Images are used widely nowadays. Images are used in many fields such as medicine to terrain mapping. There is a need to compress the images and represent them in shorter form for effective transmission. Several techniques are reviewed in this paper. The first group of techniques is the data compression technique. The data compression methods are Huffman encoding, Lempel–Ziv Welch (LZW), arithmetic encoding, run length encoding, and Shannon-Fano encoding. The second group of methods is prediction, here the neighboring pixels are utilized in the prediction of the present pixel and the error is encoded using an entropy encoder. In wavelet-based techniques, the source image is transformed from the spatial domain to the wavelet domain, and the coefficients are encoded. In learning-based techniques, a neural network is used to model the image data for compression. Fractal encoding is a compression method that searches for similar blocks in an image and compresses the difference between the blocks. With an average bitrate of 4.87 bpp (bits per pixel) on the first 10 photos of the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) image collection, the results indicate that LZW is the top performing data compression technique among the data compression techniques. In prediction-based techniques, Context Adaptive Lossless Image Codec (CALIC) is the best performing with 3.5 bpp. The modern neural method, compressive autoencoder outperforms established methods such as Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG), by achieving a PSNR of 35 on the Kodak dataset compared with 32 PSNR on the same dataset at 1.0 bpp. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Pixels

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Metamorphic testing of deep neural network-based autonomous driving systems using behavioural domain adequacy

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第9期37卷 6677-6724页

作者： Kalaee, Akram Parsa, Saeed School of Computer Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are crucial in autonomous driving systems (ADSs) for tasks like steering control, but model inaccuracies, biased training data, and incorrect runtime parameters can compromise their reliability. Metamorphic testing (MT) enhances reliability by generating follow-up tests from mutated DNN source inputs, identifying inconsistencies as defects. Various MT techniques for ADSs include generative/transfer models, neuron-based coverage maximization, and adaptive test selection. Despite these efforts, significant challenges remain, including the ambiguity of neuron coverage’s correlation with misbehaviour detection, a lack of focus on DNN critical pathways, inadequate use of search-based methods, and the absence of an integrated method that effectively selects sources and generates follow-ups. This paper addresses such challenges by introducing DeepDomain, a grey-box multi-objective test generation approach for DNN models. It involves adaptively selecting diverse source inputs and generating domain-oriented follow-up tests. Such follow-ups explore critical pathways, extracted by neuron contribution, with broader coverage compared to their source tests (inter-behavioural domain) and attaining high neural boundary coverage of the misbehaviour regions detected in previous follow-ups (intra-behavioural domain). An empirical evaluation of the proposed approach on three DNN models used in the Udacity self-driving car challenge, and 18 different MRs demonstrates that relying on behavioural domain adequacy is a more reliable indicator than coverage criteria for effectively guiding the testing of DNNs. Additionally, DeepDomain significantly outperforms selected baselines in misbehaviour detection by up to 94 times, fault-revealing capability by up to 79%, output diversity by 71%, corner-case detection by up to 187 times, identification of robustness subdomains of MRs by up to 33 percentage points, and naturalness by two times. The results confirm that stat

关键词： Neurons

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A Multi-Resolution Feature Fusion Method for Pedestrian Re-identification

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第9期51卷 1393-1403页

作者： Qin, Haitian Xu, Yang Chen, Xupeng School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

Pedestrian re-identification technology enables accurate identification of individuals and is widely used in modern intelligent video surveillance systems to aid law enforcement, including criminal apprehension and locating missing persons. However, variations in lighting, background, resolution, and other imaging conditions captured by different cameras create significant challenges in pedestrian feature extraction, often leading to poor recognition accuracy. To overcome these challenges, this paper presents a Multi-resolution Feature Fusion (MRFF) method for pedestrian re-identification, based on the Pedestrian Re-identification Relational Network (RNFPR). This approach incorporates the Coordinate Attention (CA) module into the DenseNet161 network to enhance feature extraction capabilities. Improving the discriminative and recognition accuracy of features requires learning and fusing pedestrian features from multiple low-resolution images. This process enhances the expressive power of feature maps, ultimately improving pedestrian recognition performance. Additionally, this method introduces a multi-resolution feature fusion module that segments and integrates multi-resolution features from image data. This enables the model to effectively combine feature information from various resolution levels, resulting in a more comprehensive feature representation. Experimental results show that the MRFF method achieves a 1.3% increase in mean Average Precision (mAP) and a 1.0% improvement in Rank-1 accuracy on the Market1501 dataset. For the DukeMTMC-reID dataset, it provides a 0.2% increase in mAP and a 0.7% enhancement in Rank-1 accuracy. Consequently, the MRFF approach results in an overall mAP increase of 0.7% on the DukeMTMC-ReID dataset, significantly improving pedestrian gender re-identification accuracy. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Security systems

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Person Re-Identification Algorithm Based on Improved ResNet

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IAENG International Journal of Applied Mathematics 2024年第5期54卷 894-901页

作者： Shen, Wenrui Wang, Zhifeng School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

Person Re-Identification falls within the scope of computer vision, acting a technique to ascertain the presence of a specified pedestrian within a video or image library. The related research is of great significance in real-world environments such as criminal investigation and statistical analysis of commercial foot traffic and has received extensive attention from the academic community. However, traditional methods such as manual extraction cannot adapt to large-scale data volumes, and deep learning-based methods at this stage suffer from interference in complex environments such as similar costumes, perspective changes, and occlusion. Therefore, in this paper, we investigate the above problems. Firstly, we expand the dataset by introducing random erasure-based preprocessing of pedestrian images to enhancing the robustness and generalization capability of neural networks. Secondly, a composite attention mechanism is introduced after the network residual layer to enhance the spatial information capability and feature expression. Finally, the union loss composed of Circle Loss, Ternary Loss, and Cross Entropy Loss was chosen for network training in the loss optimization phase. Findings from the experiments reveal that the improved method proposed in this experiment achieves 96.0%Rank-1 and 88.3%mAP in Market1501, which reflects the validity of the approach proposed in this manuscript, and provides valuable reference suggestions for Person Re-Identification related research. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Image enhancement

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Improved Infrared Road Object Detection Algorithm Based on Attention Mechanism in YOLOv8

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第6期51卷 673-680页

作者： Luo, Zilong Tian, Ying School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Liaoning114051 China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

In Currently, research in the field of infrared road object detection is primarily focused on enhancing model performance and robustness to address the challenges posed by complex real-world driving scenarios. In response to these challenges, this paper proposes an infrared road object detection algorithm based on an attention mechanism. By incorporating the CPCA module, which utilizes attention mechanisms, into the YOLOv8s model, the algorithm enhances the model’s focus on unobstructed areas and highly illuminated sections, extracting crucial feature information to improve both accuracy and robustness. Additionally, the original model’s downsampling layer is replaced with the Context Grided Network Block Downsampling (CGBD) module, which not only preserves feature edge information but also effectively handles local and contextual features, thereby enhancing the overall feature capturing capabilities of the model. To address the issue of equal aspect ratios in the model’s original loss function, the proposed algorithm adopts the superior Weighted Intersection over Union (WIoU). This not only addresses the shortcomings of the original loss function (CIoU) but also demonstrates increased sensitivity in classification tasks. Experimental results show that the improved algorithm, compared to YOLOv8s, achieves a 1.4% increase in mean average precision (mAP), along with notable improvements in precision and recall. Furthermore, when compared to mainstream model algorithms, the enhanced model significantly outperforms in infrared road object detection tasks, providing validation of its effectiveness. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Object detection

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