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Fast-dynamic-vision: Detection and tracking dynamic objects with event and depth sensing

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arXiv 2021年

作者： He, Botao Li, Haojia Wu, Siyuan Wang, Dong Zhang, Zhiwei Dong, Qianli Xu, Chao Gao, Fei State Key Laboratory of Industrial Control Technology Institute of Cyber-Systems and Control Zhejiang University Hangzhou310027 China Huzhou Institute of Zhejiang University Huzhou313000 China Ningbo315000 China School of Automation Nanjing Institute of Technology Nanjing211112 China Faculty of Robot Science and Engineering Northeastern University Shenyang110207 China Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering Xi’an Jiaotong University Xi’an710049 China

The development of aerial autonomy has enabled aerial robots to fly agilely in complex environments. However, dodging fast-moving objects in flight remains a challenge, limiting the further application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The bottleneck of solving this problem is the accurate perception of rapid dynamic objects. Recently, event cameras have shown great potential in solving this problem. This paper presents a complete perception system including ego-motion compensation, object detection, and trajectory prediction for fast-moving dynamic objects with low latency and high precision. Firstly, we propose an accurate ego-motion compensation algorithm by considering both rotational and translational motion for more robust object detection. Then, for dynamic object detection, an event camera-based efficient regression algorithm is designed. Finally, we propose an optimization-based approach that asynchronously fuses event and depth cameras for trajectory prediction. Extensive real-world experiments and benchmarks are performed to validate our framework. Moreover, our code will be released to benefit related researches. © 2021, CC BY-NC-ND.

关键词： Object recognition

A New Combined Heat Source Model of Hollow-Cathode Nanosecond Pulsed Electron Beam for Material Irradiation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： He, Weiguo Huo, Weijie Duan, Xinxin Zhu, Kangwu Wang, Feng School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe Hangzhou310024 China Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute Shanghai201109 China Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai201109 China

The hollow-cathode nanosecond pulsed electron beam changes the components and organization of the material surface through thermal coupling and prepares a modified layer on the surface of the base material with greatly optimized physicochemical and mechanical properties, which has a wide range of applications. In this study, in view of the insufficient research on the heat source model in the hollow-cathode nanosecond pulsed electron beam, a combined heat source model is proposed for the first time by abstracting the action of the hollow-cathode electron beam and the material as two sets of Gaussian heat sources with different parameters, and by equating the heat source of the action of the high-energy electron beam with the body heat source, and the action of the irradiation of the electron beam during the on-state phase with the surface heat source, respectively. Besides, the influence of heat source parameters on the temperature distribution is analyzed. The results show that for the nanosecond pulsed intense current electron beam-material interaction process, the use of a multi-parameter heat source model describes it more accurately compared to the average energy density values. At the same time, in order to further verify the accuracy of the model, a validation experiment was carried out using the titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V material, and the experimental results show that the formation of irradiation morphology can be more accurately described using the combined heat source model with different storage energies, and the experimental results also show that uniform irradiation effect in a certain area can be realized by reasonably choosing the parameters of the energy storage capacitor. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electron beams

A High-Fidelity Virtual Liver Model Incorporating Biological Characteristics

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Zhang, Xiaorui Zhang, Wenzheng Sun, Wei Song, Aiguo Xu, Tong Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China Wuxi Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Wuxi214100 China School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States

Flexible tissue modeling plays an important role in the field of telemedicine. It is related to whether the soft tissue deformation process can be accurately, real-time and vividly simulated during surgery. However, most existing models lack the unique biological characteristics. To solve this problem, a high-fidelity virtual liver model incorporating biological characteristics, such as the viscoelastic, anisotropic and nonlinear biological characteristics, is proposed based on the finite element model. When simulating the resection of diseased livers, the model undergoes a plastic deformation process where the model loses elasticity due to excessive deformation, but does not reach the cutting fracture threshold. To improve the fidelity of the liver model, this study is the first to introduce the viscoplasticity of biological tissues to the liver model. The 3DMax2020 and OpenGL4.6 were used to build a liver surgery simulation platform, and the PHANTOM OMNI manual controller was used to sense the feedback force during the operation. The proposed model was verified from three aspects of accuracy, fidelity and real-time performance. The experimental results show that the proposed virtual liver model can enhance visual perception ability, improve deformation accuracy and fidelity. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Simulation platform

Federated Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach via Physics-Informed Reward for Multi-Microgrid Energy Management

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arXiv 2022年

作者： Li, Yuanzheng He, Shangyang Li, Yang Shi, Yang Zeng, Zhigang School of Artificial Intelligence and Automation Key Laboratory on Image Information Processing and Intelligent Control of Ministry of Education Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China China-Belt and Road Joint Laboratory on Measurement and Control Technology Wuhan430074 China China-EU Institute for Clean and Renewable Energy Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan430074 China School of Electrical Engineering Northeast Electric Power University Jilin132012 China The Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Victoria VictoriaBC V8P 5C2 Canada

The utilization of large-scale distributed renewable energy promotes the development of the multi-microgrid (MMG), which raises the need of developing an effective energy management method to minimize economic costs and keep self energy-sufficiency. The multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (MADRL) has been widely used for the energy management problem because of its real-time scheduling ability. However, its training requires massive energy operation data of microgrids (MGs), while gathering these data from different MGs would threaten their privacy and data security. Therefore, this paper tackles this practical yet challenging issue by proposing a federated multi-agent deep reinforcement learning (F-MADRL) algorithm via the physics-informed reward. In this algorithm, the federated learning (FL) mechanism is introduced to train the F-MADRL algorithm thus ensures the privacy and the security of data. In addition, a decentralized MMG model is built, and the energy of each participated MG is managed by an agent, which aims to minimize economic costs and keep self energy-sufficiency according to the physics-informed reward. At first, MGs individually execute the self-training based on local energy operation data to train their local agent models. Then, these local models are periodically uploaded to a server and their parameters are aggregated to build a global agent, which will be broadcasted to MGs and replace their local agents. In this way, the experience of each MG agent can be shared and the energy operation data is not explicitly transmitted, thus protecting the privacy and ensuring data security. Finally, experiments are conducted on Oak Ridge national laboratory distributed energy control communication lab microgrid (ORNL-MG) test system, and the comparisons are carried out to verify the effectiveness of introducing the FL mechanism and the outperformance of our proposed F-MADRL. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

A High-Fidelity Virtual Liver Model Incorporating Biological Characteristics

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SSRN 2022年

作者： Zhang, Xiaorui Zhang, Wenzheng Sun, Wei Song, Aiguo Xu, Tong Wuxi Research Institute Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Wuxi214100 China Engineering Research Center of Digital Forensics Ministry of Education Jiangsu Engineering Center of Network Monitoring School of Computer and Software Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China School of Automation Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing210044 China State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics Jiangsu Key Lab of Remote Measurement and Control School of Instrument Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China University of Southern California Los AngelesCA United States

Flexible tissue modeling plays an important role in the field of telemedicine. It is related to whether the soft tissue deformation process can be accurately, real-time and vividly simulated during surgery. Most existing models lack the unique biological characteristics. To enhance visual perception ability, a high-fidelity virtual liver model incorporating biological characteristics, such as the viscoelastic, anisotropic and nonlinear biological characteristics, is proposed based on the finite element model with the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method. When simulating the resection of diseased livers, the model undergoes a plastic deformation process where the model loses elasticity due to excessive deformation, but does not reach the cutting fracture threshold. To improve the fidelity of the liver model, this study is the first to introduce the viscoplasticity of biological tissues to the liver model. The 3DMax2020 and OpenGL4.6 were used to build a liver surgery simulation platform, and the PHANTOM OMNI manual controller was used to sense the feedback force during the operation. The proposed model was verified from three aspects of accuracy, fidelity and real-time performance. The experimental results show that the proposed virtual liver model can achieve real visual reproduction, with natural deformation effect, accurate simulation and high fidelity. © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Simulation platform

Milestones in Autonomous Driving and Intelligent Vehicles Part I: control, Computing System Design, Communication, HD Map, Testing, and Human Behaviors

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Long Li, Yuchen Huang, Chao Xing, Yang Tian, Daxin Li, Li Hu, Zhongxu Teng, Siyu Lv, Chen Wang, Jinjun Cao, Dongpu Zheng, Nanning Wang, Fei-Yue The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Waytous Ltd. China BNU-HKBU United International College Zhuhai519087 China Hong Kong Baptist University Kowloon999077 Hong Kong The Department of Industrial and System Engineering Hong Kong Polytechnical University Hong Kong The School of Aerospace Transport and Manufacturing Cranfield University United Kingdom The School of Transportation Science and Engineering Beihang University China The Department of Automation Tsinghua University China The Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore The College of Artificial Intelligence Xi'an Jiaotong University China The School of Mechanical Engineering Tsinghua University China

Interest in autonomous driving (AD) and intelligent vehicles (IVs) is growing at a rapid pace due to the convenience, safety, and economic benefits. Although a number of surveys have reviewed research achievements in this field, they are still limited in specific tasks and lack systematic summaries and research directions in the future. Our work is divided into 3 independent articles and the first part is a Survey of Surveys (SoS) for total technologies of AD and IVs that involves the history, summarizes the milestones, and provides the perspectives, ethics, and future research directions. This is the second part (Part I for this technical survey) to review the development of control, computing system design, communication, High Definition map (HD map), testing, and human behaviors in IVs. In addition, the third part (Part II for this technical survey) is to review the perception and planning sections. The objective of this paper is to involve all the sections of AD, summarize the latest technical milestones, and guide abecedarians to quickly understand the development of AD and IVs. Combining the SoS and Part II, we anticipate that this work will bring novel and diverse insights to researchers and abecedarians, and serve as a bridge between past and future. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles

Study of Nanosecond Pulsed Hollow-Cathode Electron Beam Generation and Transportation Based on Pic-Mcc Simulation

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SSRN 2023年

作者： Huo, Weijie He, Weiguo Han, Luofeng Zhu, Kangwu Wang, Feng Shanghai Aerospace Electronic Technology Institute Shanghai201109 China School of Mechatronic Engineering and Automation Shanghai University Shanghai200444 China School of Fundamental Physics and Mathematical Sciences Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Hangzhou310024 China Key Laboratory of Gravitational Wave Precision Measurement of Zhejiang Province Taiji Laboratory for Gravitational Wave Universe Hangzhou310024 China Shanghai Aerospace Control Technology Institute Shanghai201109 China

This work employs the PIC-MCC method to study the nanosecond pulsed hollow-cathode discharge and electron beam generation process. The electron beam’s energy and current distribution characteristics at the anode exit are investigated, and the simulation’s grid and step sizes are set as 0.04 μm and 5*10-13 s, respectively. Experimental parameters are used in the simulation, and experimental results are also used to verify the simulation accuracy. The simulations investigate the transportation characteristics of the electron beam under different energies and currents and obtain the effects of voltage, current, and ion density on the distribution characteristics of the electron beam. The electron beam current generated by the hollow-cathode discharge is gradually transformed from a random distribution in the central region to a Gaussian distribution. Due to the ion channel caused by the action of runaway electron pre-ionization, the high-energy electron beam achieves focused transport over a certain distance, and the high-energy electron beam has a smaller Gaussian radius than the source input. Besides, the ion-focusing channel formed by the high-energy electron transportation process can realize the transportation of the high-current electron beam in the conduction stage. © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Electron beams

Robust Stabilizing control for Oscillatory Base Manipulators by Implicit Lyapunov Method

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Research Square

Research Square 2021年

作者： Guo, Yufei Hou, Baolin Xu, Shengyue Mei, Ruilin Wang, Zhigang Huynh, Van Thanh Key Laboratory of Metallurgical Equipment and Control Technology Ministry of Education School of Machinery and Automation Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Institute of Robotics and Intelligent Systems Wuhan University of Science and Technology Wuhan430081 China Shool of Mechanical Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China Shool of Engineering Deakin University GeelongVIC3217 Australia

Oscillatory base manipulators (OBMs) are a kind of mechanical systems suffering from unexpected base oscillations. The oscillations affect tremendously system stability. Various control methods have been explored, but most of them require measurement or prediction of the oscillations. This study is concerned with a novel OBM–the autoloader, which are used in modern, autonomous main battle tanks. The base oscillation of the autoloader is hard to be obtained in practice. Furthermore, control synthesis for autoloaders is complicated with intrinsic payload uncertainty and actuator saturation. To address these issues, a novel robust control scheme is proposed in this work relying on the implicit Lyapunov method. Moreover, a novel two-Degree-of-Freedom manipulator operating on a vibrating base is constructed to realize the proposed control. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study considering both control and hardware implementation for the OBM-like autoloaders. Experimental results demonstrate that, although without prior information of the base oscillation, the proposed controller exhibits good robustness against the base oscillation and payload uncertainty. © 2021, CC BY.

关键词： Manipulators

S4TP: Social-Suitable and Safety-Sensitive Trajectory Planning for Autonomous Vehicles

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Wang, Xiao Tang, Ke Dai, Xingyuan Xu, Jintao Du, Quancheng Ai, Rui Wang, Yuxiao Gu, Weihao Engineering Research Center of Autonomous Unmanned System Technology Ministry of Education Anhui University Hefei230031 China Haomo Technology Co. Ltd. Beijing100192 China The State Key Laboratory for Management and Control of Complex Systems Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Qingdao Academy of Intelligent Industries Qingdao266114 China The School of Computer and Communication Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing100083 China The School of Artificial Intelligence University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049 China

In public roads, autonomous vehicles (AVs) face the challenge of frequent interactions with human-driven vehicles (HDVs), which render uncertain driving behavior due to varying social characteristics among humans. To effectively assess the risks prevailing in the vicinity of AVs in social interactive traffic scenarios and achieve safe autonomous driving, this article proposes a social-suitable and safety-sensitive trajectory planning (S4TP) framework. Specifically, S4TP integrates the Social-Aware Trajectory Prediction (SATP) and Social-Aware Driving Risk Field (SADRF) modules. SATP utilizes Transformers to effectively encode the driving scene and incorporates an AV’s planned trajectory during the prediction decoding process. SADRF assesses the expected surrounding risk degrees during AVs-HDVs interactions, each with different social characteristics, visualized as two-dimensional heat maps centered on the AV. SADRF models the driving intentions of the surrounding HDVs and predicts trajectories based on the representation of vehicular interactions. S4TP employs an optimization-based approach for motion planning, utilizing the predicted HDVs’ trajectories as input. With the integration of SADRF, S4TP executes real-time online optimization of the planned trajectory of AV within low-risk regions, thus improving the safety and the interpretability of the planned trajectory. We have conducted comprehensive tests of the proposed method using the SMARTS simulator. Experimental results in complex social scenarios, such as unprotected left-turn intersections, merging, cruising, and overtaking, validate the superiority of our proposed S4TP in terms of safety and rationality. S4TP achieves a pass rate of 100% across all scenarios, surpassing the current state-of-the-art methods Fanta of 98.25% and Predictive-Decision of 94.75%. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Autonomous vehicles