Water can be used as oxidant in conjunction with metal particles to form metal-water propellant to increase the energy of *** this application,water needs to be stored in form of solid and capable of becoming liquid w...
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Water can be used as oxidant in conjunction with metal particles to form metal-water propellant to increase the energy of *** this application,water needs to be stored in form of solid and capable of becoming liquid when *** and thixotropic hydrogel has good potential as water-retaining material and oxidant of metal-based *** this study,we prepared organic/inorganic composite hydrogels by combining inorganic gellants hectorite and fumed silica with organic gellant agarose,*** total content of the gellants can be reduced to less than 2%by adding *** influence of agarose on water content,phase transition temperature,centrifugal stability and other basic physical properties of composite hydrogels were *** results show that the composite hydrogels have better thixotropy and stability than pure inorganic hydrogels,and the gel-sol transformation can be realized by applying shear force or heating to the phase transition *** composite hydrogels have good shear thinning ability and improved mechanical *** silica/agarose hydrogels have better physical stability,while the thixotropy and shear thinning ability of hectorite/agarose hydrogels are better.
Hydrotreatment is a critical process in the petrochemical industry to produce gasoline or *** kinetic models and accurate kinetic parameters of hydrotreatment reactions are important for the industrial reactor design ...
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Hydrotreatment is a critical process in the petrochemical industry to produce gasoline or *** kinetic models and accurate kinetic parameters of hydrotreatment reactions are important for the industrial reactor design and scale-up *** this work,hydrogenation kinetics of alkene and aromatic model compounds were studied thoroughly to provide deep understanding on alkene and aromatic hydrogenation behaviors in gasoline and diesel *** NiMo hydrotreatment catalysts were used to obtain experimental data of hydrogenation ***,1-octene,naphthalene and phenanthrene were used as model compounds of alkenes and ***-Hinshelwood-Hougen-Watson(LHHW)kinetic models for hydrotreatment reactions were *** addition,phase equilibrium calculations were combined with kinetic study,and it is discovered that using calculated liquid phase compositions as kinetic model input could greatly enhance the accuracy of kinetic models and the quality of kinetic parameters,leading to higher accordance with experimental *** kinetic models and phase equilibrium analysis,the effect of reaction conditions(temperature,pressure,and H_(2)/oil ratio)on reaction rates were also predicted and *** importance of phase equilibrium in kinetic analysis for hydrotreating reactions was demonstrated in this study,which provides an effective approach for future hydrotreatment reactor design and catalyst optimization.
Benefiting from their large molar extinction coefficient,high carrier mobility,narrow and tunable emissions,inorganic metal halide perovskites(IMHPs) demonstrate great potential in various optoelectrical devices inclu...
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Benefiting from their large molar extinction coefficient,high carrier mobility,narrow and tunable emissions,inorganic metal halide perovskites(IMHPs) demonstrate great potential in various optoelectrical devices including solar cells,light emitting diodes and photodetectors in the past few *** ions doping,well-known as a modification method of semiconductors,has been extensively applied in IMHPs as *** metal ions have been doped in IMHPs including alkali metals,alkali earth metals,transition metals and lanthanide metals,which either improve their optical performances or induce intriguing brand-new *** them,lanthanide metals feature plentiful energy levels and stable optical properties and are one of the most noteworthy *** we review recent progress in lanthanide ions doped *** summarize Yb,Eu or Er ions singly doping in detail,which was the most investigated species in *** lanthanide ions are also reviewed ***,we introduce lanthanide ions multi-doped IMHPs and at last we put forward several potential development *** the interests in lanthanide ions doped IMHPs rise,researchers have made some achievements in the *** though,there are more unexplored *** there are review articles focusing on metal ions doped IMHPs or lanthanide ions doped perovskites,this review aims to provide an overall introduction of lanthanide ions doped *** review may help researchers learn about lanthanide ions doped IMHPs and is to inspire researchers to make further promotion in this field.
A millimeter scale butterfly-shaped reactor was proposed based on sizing-up strategy and fabricated via femtosecond laser engraving. An improvement of mixing performance and residence time distribution was realized by...
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A millimeter scale butterfly-shaped reactor was proposed based on sizing-up strategy and fabricated via femtosecond laser engraving. An improvement of mixing performance and residence time distribution was realized by means of contraction and expansion of the reaction channel. The liquid holdup was greatly increased through connection of multiple mixing units. Structure optimization of the reactor was carried out by computational fluid dynamics simulation, from which the effect of reactor internals on mixing and the influence of parallel branching structure on heat transfer were discussed. The UV–vis absorption spectroscopy was used to determine the residence time distribution in the reactor, and characteristic parameters such as skewness and dimensionless variance were obtained. Further, a chained stagnant flow model was proposed to precisely describe the trailing phenomenon caused by fluid stagnation and laminar flow in small scale reactors, which enables a better fit for the experimental results of the asymmetric residence time distribution. In addition, the heat transfer performance of the reactor was investigated, and the overall heat transfer coefficient was 110–600 W m^(-2)K-1in the flow rate range of 10–40 m L/min.
Metal porphyrins and metal phthalocyanines(Pc)constitute a promising class of metal molecular catalysts(MMCs)for efficient CO_(2)-to-CO electrocatalytic conversion due to their well-defined molecular *** to adjust the...
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Metal porphyrins and metal phthalocyanines(Pc)constitute a promising class of metal molecular catalysts(MMCs)for efficient CO_(2)-to-CO electrocatalytic conversion due to their well-defined molecular *** to adjust the local coordination and electronic environment of the metal center and enhance the molecular-level dispersion of the active components remains as great challenges for further improving the ***,a cobalt(II)Pc(CoPc)-COOH/carbon nanotube(CNT)-NH_(2)hybrid catalyst was rationally designed by clicking the CoPc-COOH molecules onto the surface of CNT-NH_(2)through amidation *** novel hybrid catalyst exhibited the enhanced current density of 22.4 mA/cm2 and CO selectivity of 91%at−0.88 V *** hydrogen electrode(RHE)in the CO_(2)electroreduction,as compared with CoPc-COOH/CNT and CoPc/CNT *** superior activity was ascribed to the charge transfer induced by introduction of-COOH and-NH_(2)functional groups to CoPc and CNT,respectively,facilitating the active centers of CoI being generated at lower potentials,and leading to the highest turnover frequency(TOF)being obtained over the CoPc-COOH/CNT-NH_(2)hybrid *** inherent directivity and saturability of covalent bonds formed via the amidation reaction ensure not only a higher density of Co active centers,but also an improved stability for CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).The present study represents an effective strategy for improving MMCs performance by molecular modulating of metal phthalocyanines on functionalized carbon substrates directed by click confinement chemistry.
The bind-free carbon cloth-supported electrodes hold the promises for high-performance electrochemical capacitors with high specific capacitance and good cyclic *** the close connection between their performance and t...
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The bind-free carbon cloth-supported electrodes hold the promises for high-performance electrochemical capacitors with high specific capacitance and good cyclic *** the close connection between their performance and the amount of carbon material loaded on the electrodes,in this work,NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanowires were firstly grown on the substrate of active carbon cloth to provide the necessary surface area in the longitudinal ***,the quinone-rich nitrogen-doped carbon shell structure was formed around NiCo_(2)O_(4) nanowires,and the obtained composite was used as electrode for electric double layer *** results showed that the composite electrode displayed an area-specific capacitance of 1794 mF·cm^(-2) at the current density of 1 mA·cm^(-2).The assembled symmetric electric double layer capacitor achieved a high energy density of 6.55 mW·h·cm^(-3) at a power density of 180 mW·cm^(-3).The assembled symmetric capacitor exhibited a capacitance retention of 88.96%after 10000 charge/discharge cycles at the current density of 20 mA·cm^(-2).These results indicated the potentials in the preparation of the carbon electrode materials with high energy density and good cycling stability.
As a promising optical and piezoelectric crystal,efficient growth of LGN single crystal is crucial for its practical ***,a langanite(La_(3)Ga_(5.5)Nb_(0.5)O_(14),LGN)crystal with high quality was successfully grown by...
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As a promising optical and piezoelectric crystal,efficient growth of LGN single crystal is crucial for its practical ***,a langanite(La_(3)Ga_(5.5)Nb_(0.5)O_(14),LGN)crystal with high quality was successfully grown by the Bridgman method along the Z *** order to prepare high-purity polycrystalline precursors for LGN crystal growth,the sintering conditions of LGN polycrystalline precursors were studied in *** melting point of LGN was also measured to provide a reference for the crystal growth *** the[001]oriented wafer,the full width at half maximum(EWHM)value of the nigh-resolution X-ray diffraction(HRXRD)analysis is 38.52",demonstrating that the LGN crystal exhibits excellent crystalline *** addition,we also measured the thermal properties and transmission spectrum of the as-grown LGN *** is found that the absorption peak at 1.85μm of the LGN crystal grown in air using the Bridgman method disappears compared with previous reports(grown in N_(2+)(1-3)vol%O_(2)atmosphere),which is attributed to the oxygen-enriched growth *** phenomenon also occurs in other LGS-type disordered *** is believed that these findings may expand the potential applications of LGS series crystals at 1.85μm.
Mn-based zinc ion battery has the advantages of low cost and high performance,which makes it the promising energy storage ***,the poor conductivity and the agglomeration in the synthesis process of manganese-based mat...
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Mn-based zinc ion battery has the advantages of low cost and high performance,which makes it the promising energy storage ***,the poor conductivity and the agglomeration in the synthesis process of manganese-based materials restrict the performance of ***,the Se-doped MnS/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x)(Se-MnS/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x))composite material derived from Mn-based metal-organic framework is *** tests show that Se-doped could generate S defects and enhance the electrochemical activity of *** the same time,the introduction of Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) substrate is conducive to exposing more sulfur defects and improving the utilization rate of *** the mechanism study,it is found that Se-MnS/Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) is transformed into S/Se co-doped Mn3O_(4) at the first charge,which innovatively elucidated the behavior of S/Se during *** the electrochemical performance test,the specific capacity can reach 74.7 mAh·g^(-1) at 5.0 A·g^(-1).In addition,the Zn-Ti_(3)C_(2)T_(x) membrane electrode is prepared by vacuum filtration as the zinc-poor anode,which is assembled into the rocking chair full battery to avoid dendrite growth and exhibit excellent rate *** addition of Zn2+weakens the electrostatic repulsion between the interlayers of MXene,and the formation of the folded morphology aids the penetration of the *** 1.0 A·g^(-1),the capacity can reach 50.6 mAh·g^(-1).This work is helpful to promote the research and development of the reaction mechanism of manganese based rocking chair batteries.
Metal-organic frameworks have a wide range of applications in the field of membrane separation,but the inherent flexible structure and the difficulty for scale-up hinder their further ***,the relatively rigid zeolitic...
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Metal-organic frameworks have a wide range of applications in the field of membrane separation,but the inherent flexible structure and the difficulty for scale-up hinder their further ***,the relatively rigid zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 particles prepared under an electric field(E-ZIF-8)were used as the fillers in polysulfone(PSF)to form series of mixed matrix *** was found that the introduction of E-ZIF-8 improves both the C3H6 permeability and C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) selectivity of the *** with the bare PSF membrane,the C_(3)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) selectivity of the 30 wt%E-ZIF-8@PSF membrane increased by~230%,while the C3H6 permeability was enhanced by~830%.In addition,time and pressure dependence analysis demonstrated that such E-ZIF-8@PSF membranes also exhibited good long-term stability and pressure resistance,offering significant industrialization advantages.
Urea oxidation reaction(UOR)provides a method for hydrogen production besides wastewater treatment,but the current limited catalytic activity has prevented the ***,we develop a novel H_(2)O_(2) treatment strategy for ...
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Urea oxidation reaction(UOR)provides a method for hydrogen production besides wastewater treatment,but the current limited catalytic activity has prevented the ***,we develop a novel H_(2)O_(2) treatment strategy for tailoring the surface oxygen ligand of NiFe-layered double hydroxides(NiFe-LDH).The sample after H_(2)O_(2) treatment(NiFeOLDH)shows significant enhancement on UOR efficiency,with the potential of 1.37 V(RHE)to reach a current density of 10 mA/cm^(2).The boost is attributed to the richness adsorption O ligand on NiFeO-LDH as revealed by XPS and Raman *** calculation indicates formation of two possible types of oxygen ligands:adsorbed oxygen on the surface and exposed from hydroxyl group,lowered the desorption energy of CO_(2) product,which lead to the lowered onset *** strategy is further extended to NiFe-LDH nano sheet on Ni foam to reach a higher current density of 440 mA/cm^(2) of UOR at 1.8 V(RHE).The facile surface O ligand manipulation is also expected to give chance to many other electro-catalytic oxidations.
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