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Constant envelope FrFT OFDM: spectral and energy efficiency analysis

Journal of Systems engineering and Electronics 2019年第3期30卷 467-473页

作者： DIDA Mussa Ally HUAN Hao TAO Ran WANG Teng URYNBASSAROVA Didar School of Information and Electronics Beijing Institute of Technology School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering Nelson Mandela African Institute of Science and Technology

Constant envelope with a fractional Fourier transformorthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CE-FrFT-OFDM) is a special case of a constant envelope OFDM(CE-OFDM), both being energy efficient wireless communication techniques with a 0 dB peak to average power ratio(PAPR). However, with the proper selection of fractional order, the first technique has a high bit error rate(BER) performance in the frequency-time selective *** paper performs further analysis of CE-FrFT-OFDM by examining its spectral efficiency(SE) and energy efficiency(EE) and compare to the famous OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM techniques. Analytical and comprehensive simulations conducted show that, the CE-Fr FT-OFDM has five times the EE of OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM systems with a slightly less SE. Increasing CE-FrFT-OFDM's transmission power by increasing its amplitude to 1.7 increases its SE to match that of the OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM systems while slightly reducing its EE by 20% to be four times that of OFDM and Fr FTOFDM systems. OFDM and Fr FT-OFDM's amplitude fluctuations cause rapid changing output back-off(OBO) power requirements and further reduce power amplifier(PA) efficiency while CE-FrFTOFDM stable operational linear range makes it a better candidate and outperforms the other techniques when their OBO exceeds1.7. Higher EE and low BER in time-frequency selective channel are attracting features for CE-FrFT-OFDM deployment in mobile devices.

关键词： fractional Fourier transform(FrFT) constant envelope spectral efficiency(SE) energy efficiency(EE) high power amplifier

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Bayesian prediction of under-five mortality rates for Tanzania

Franklin Open

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Franklin Open 2025年 10卷

作者： Mwanga, Mohamed K. Mirau, Silas S. Tchuenche, Jean M. Mbalawata, Isambi S. School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology P.O. Box 447 Arusha Tanzania Institute of Accountancy Arusha P.O. Box 2798 Arusha Tanzania African Institute for Mathematical Sciences Research and Innovation Centre Kigali Rue KG590 ST Rwanda

Under-five mortality is a burden on health and economic systems in developing countries. This study used under-five mortality rate (U5MR) data for Tanzania from 1960 to 2020 to predict trends of under-five mortality over the period of 2021 to 2051. Using a Bayesian state space model, it is found that the model is stable in forecasting. Results show that under-five mortality will continue to decline from 48.9 in 2020 to 32.9 in 2030, a decrease of 32.7%. But despite this decrease, Tanzania will likely not meet the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) for under-five mortality by 2030. Additional efforts by the government through evidence-based interventions should be undertaken to improve child survival by expanding access to health care, especially in rural areas, taking into account local context. © 2025 The Authors

关键词： Bayesian State space model Tanzania Under-five mortality

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A reinforcement learning approach for real-time adjustment of thermal imaging parameters in thermoplasmonic applications

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Journal of Thermal Biology 2025年 129卷 104123页

作者： Dinesh, G. Nath, Srigitha. S. Hussain, Md Zair Ashraf, Mohd Rao, M. Kameswara Arigela, Laxmana siridhara Department of Computational Intelligence School of Computing SRM Institute of Science and Technology Kattankulathur(KTR) Tamil Nadu Chennai India Department of ECE Saveetha Engineering College Thandalam Tamil Nadu Chennai India Information Technology School of Technology Maulana Azad National Urdu University TS Hyderabad India Computer Science & Engineering School of Technology Maulana Azad National Urdu University TS Hyderabad India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation Vaddeswaram Andhra Pradesh Guntur Dist. 522502 India Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Aditya University Surampalem India

The application of thermoplasmonics faces challenges related to precise temperature control distribution for managing heat in heterogeneous materials. A hybrid Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Aluminium (Al) paste was developed for effective temperature control in thermoplasmonic heating-based applications. The thermal images of this hybrid paste of SiC-Al is examined for multimodal parameters to estimate the plasmonic heat. Reinforcement learning (RL) is implemented over the SiC-Al composite's thermal images using the estimated parameters for effective heat distribution, employing optimized laser power density, irradiation time, and heating period for thermoplasmonic applications. Optimizing the RL technique reduced the temperature in the central region from 75 to 70 °C, and increased it in the peripheral area from 45 to 55 °C. Laser intensity was changed from 100 mW to 75 mW at the center to avoid overheating the tissue, the exposure time was altered from 30s to 45s, and the positioning was 5 cm away (rather than 2 cm) from the center to allow better heat conductivity. The structural changes thereof were verified through Raman spectroscopy by altering the vibrational modes of the samples. The heating methodology employed enabled a decreased thermal gradient of up to about 10 °C. Thus, the hybrid paste SiC-Al exhibits significant thermoplasmonic material applications. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd

关键词： Hybrid paste Multi-modal Raman shift Reinforcement learning (RL) Temperature Thermal image Thermoplasmonic effects

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Spreading dynamics of information on online social networks

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Meng, Fanhui Xie, Jiarong Sun, Jiachen Xu, Cong Zeng, Yutian Wang, Xiangrong Jia, Tao Huang, Shuhong Deng, Youjin Hu, Yanqing School of Systems Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510275 China Center for Computational Communication Research Beijing Normal University Zhuhai519087 China School of Journalism and Communication Beijing Normal University Beijing100875 China School of Computer Science and Engineering Sun Yat-sen University Guangzhou510006 China Department of Statistics and Data Science College of Science Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering Shenzhen University Shenzhen518060 China College of Computer and Information Science Chongqing Normal University Chongqing401331 China College of Computer and Information Science Southwest University Chongqing400715 China Institute of Neuroscience Technical University of Munich Munich80802 Germany Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Hefei230026 China MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering Minjiang University Fuzhou350108 China Center for Complex Flows and Soft Matter Research Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China

Social media is profoundly changing our society with its unprecedented spreading power. Due to the complexity of human behaviors and the diversity of massive messages, the information spreading dynamics are complicated, and the reported mechanisms are different and even controversial. Based on data from mainstream social media platforms, including WeChat, Weibo, and Twitter, cumulatively encompassing a total of 7.45 billion users, we uncover a ubiquitous mechanism that the information spreading dynamics are basically driven by the interplay of social reinforcement and social weakening effects. Accordingly, we propose a concise equation, which, surprisingly, can well describe all the empirical large-scale spreading trajectories. Our theory resolves a number of controversial claims and satisfactorily explains many phenomena previously observed. It also reveals that the highly clustered nature of social networks can lead to rapid and high-frequency information bursts with relatively small coverage per burst. This vital feature enables social media to have a high capacity and diversity for information dissemination, beneficial for its ecological development. © 2025, CC BY.

关键词： Tweets

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Sustainable Energy Consumption Forecasting in Smart Grids using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Model

Sustainable Energy Consumption Forecasting in Smart Grids us...

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Trends in Material science and Inventive Materials (ICTMIM), International Conference on

作者： V. Vaissnave R. Amutha K Umapathy Bandaru Mounika K. Helenprabha M Muthulekshmi Department of Computational Intelligence SRM Institute of Science and Technology Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering ULTRA College of Engineering and Technology Madurai Tamil Nadu India Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya University (Deemed University) Kanchipuram Tamil Nadu India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sagi Rama Krishnam Raju Engineering College (A) Bhimavaram Andhra Pradesh India Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering R.M.D.Engineering College Chennai Tamil Nadu India Department of Biomedical Engineering Saveetha School of Engineering Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences Saveetha University Chennai Tamil Nadu India

ISBN: (数字)9798331501488

ISBN: (纸本)9798331501495

With the increase in global energy needs, anticipating sustainable energy use has become essential, especially in smart grids. This research uses the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model to forecast sustainable energy usage in smart networks, addressing demand variability. Data gathering historical energy usage data from smart grids, including parameters such as meteorological circumstances, temporal variables, and user behavior. Utilizing the ARIMA model, examine time series data to discern patterns and seasonal fluctuations in energy use. The model's parameters are refined to improve predictive accuracy, offering significant insights for utility firms. The findings demonstrate that ARIMA proficiently identifies the fundamental trends in energy use, resulting in enhanced resource distribution and minimized energy waste. Results indicate higher predictive precision, facilitating effective energy management and increased system dependability. This forecasting method facilitates the incorporation of renewable energy sources into the system, enhancing sustainability. It illustrates the efficacy of ARIMA in improving decision-making for energy suppliers and facilitating a shift towards more sustainable energy systems in smart grids.

关键词： Energy consumption Renewable energy sources Fluctuations computational modeling Predictive models Market research Real-time systems Smart grids Forecasting Energy management

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An Optimal Smart Tank Juice-level Monitoring System for Beverage Industries: A Case Study of Raha Beverages Company Limited, Arusha, Tanzania

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2022年第3期11卷 222-230页

作者： Iradukunda, Yvonne Mkoba, Elizabeth Mirau, Silas School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Arusha Tanzania United Republic of

Poor monitoring of levels in juice tanks is among the challenges that beverage industries face when pumping liquid from one tank to another. This leads to spilling fluids, faulty juice tests, and industrial accidents. To keep track of the liquid level in a tank, various approaches have been used. Existing technologies are costly and not interactive, and the majority do not benefit individuals with physical disabilities when manual monitoring is needed. The purpose of this paper is to present an optimal smart tank juice-level monitoring system that can be used in beverage industries. The system is able to monitor the juice level within a tank and regulate a pump using voice commands via Alexa and the Amazon Echo Dot. The proposed system was tested and validated, with key findings being that the developed prototype prevented overflowing, accidents, and changes in juice flavor during the dilution process. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge for food and beverage industries in that engineers and operators of beverage industries can monitor the level of juice in a tank, as well as enhance communication when pumping juice from one tank to another in real time. © 2022 The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers.

关键词： Liquids

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A Design of Nested Photonic Crystal Fiber for OAM Mode Propagation 3rd

A Design of Nested Photonic Crystal Fiber for OAM Mode Pro...

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3rd International Conference on Intelligent Computing Techniques for Smart Energy Systems, ICTSES 2023

作者： Punia, Sushma Saharia, Ankur Ismail, Yaseera Petruccione, Francesco Bourdine, Anton V. Demidov, Vladimir V. Morozov, Oleg G. Yin, Juan Singh, Ghanshyam Tiwari, Manish Optoelectronics and Photonics Research Lab Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Manipal University Jaipur Jaipur303007 India Department of Physics Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch7600 South Africa School of Data Science and Computational Thinking Stellenbosch University Stellenbosch7602 South Africa Stellenbosch South Africa Department of Communication Lines Povolzhskiy State University of Telecommunications and Informatics 23 Lev Tolstoy Street Samara Oblast443010 Russia JSC Scientific Production Association State Optical Institute Named after Vavilov S.I. 36/1 Babushkin Street St. Petersburg192171 Russia Department of Photonics and Communication Links Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications Named after M.A. Bonch-Bruevich 22 Bolshevikov Avenue St. Petersburg193232 Russia Department of Radiophotonics and Microwave Technologies Kazan National Research State University named after A.N. Tupolev-KAI 10 Karl Marx Street Kazan420111 Russia Division of Quantum Physics and Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of China 99 Xiupu Road Pudong District Shanghai200093 China Department of ECE Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur Jaipur302017 India

ISBN: (纸本)9789819784639

This work is intended to present a nested Photonic Crystal Fiber (PCF) for OAM mode propagation. The proposed PCF comprises of a dense flint SF6 and a very light flint LLF1. The finite-element method (FEM) is used for the modal analysis to obtain propagating HE/EH modes. The proposed fiber has shown flat dispersion during the propagation of multiple orbital angular momentum (OAM) modes. Furthermore, the designed PCF’s nonlinearity (gamma) and confinement loss (CL) are calculated to prove the practical feasibility of the design. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2025.

关键词： Photonic crystal fibers

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Sensing With communication Signals: From Information Theory to Signal Processing

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Liu, Fan Liu, Ya-Feng Cui, Yuanhao Masouros, Christos Xu, Jie Han, Tony Xiao Buzzi, Stefano Eldar, Yonina C. Jin, Shi National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing210096 China State Key Laboratory of Scientific and Engineering Computing Institute of Computational Mathematicsand Scientific/Engineering Computing Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China Department of Communication Engineering Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Beijing100876 China Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering University College London LondonWC1E 7JE United Kingdom Guangdong518172 China Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd China Department of Electrical and Information Engineering University of Cassino and Southern Lazio CassinoI-03043 Italy Department of Electronics Information and Bioengineering Politecnico di Milano MilanoI-20133 Italy ParmaI-43124 Italy Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel

The Integrated Sensing and communications (ISAC) paradigm is anticipated to be a cornerstone of the upcoming 6G networks. In order to optimize the use of wireless resources, 6G ISAC systems need to harness the communication data payload signals, which are inherently random, for both sensing and communication (S&C) purposes. This tutorial paper provides a comprehensive technical overview of the fundamental theory and signal processing methodologies for ISAC transmission with random communication signals. We begin by introducing the deterministic-random tradeoff (DRT) between S&C from an information-theoretic perspective, emphasizing the need for specialized signal processing techniques tailored to random ISAC signals. Building on this foundation, we review the core signal models and processing pipelines for communication-centric ISAC systems, and analyze the average squared auto-correlation function (ACF) of random ISAC signals, which serves as a fundamental performance metric for multi-target ranging tasks. Drawing insights from these theoretical results, we outline the design principles for the three key components of communication-centric ISAC systems: modulation schemes, constellation design, and pulse shaping filters. The goal is to either enhance sensing performance without compromising communication efficiency or to establish a scalable tradeoff between the two. We then extend our analysis from a single-antenna ISAC system to its multi-antenna counterpart, discussing recent advancements in multiinput multi-output (MIMO) precoding techniques specifically designed for random ISAC signals. We conclude by highlighting several open challenges and future research directions in the field of sensing with communication signals. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Signal modulation

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Transmission dynamics of cryptosporidiosis in humans and cattle: A CTMC stochastic model integrating the role of human immune status

Franklin Open

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Franklin Open 2025年 11卷

作者： Luhanda, F. Mayengo, M.M. Irunde, J.I. Chirove, F. School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering The Nelson Mandela Institution of Science and Technology P.O. Box 447 Arusha Tanzania Department of Mathematics Physics and Informatics University of Dar es Salaam Mkwawa University College of Education P.O. Box 2513 Iringa Tanzania Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics University of Johannesburg Auckland Park Kingsway Campus P.O. Box 524 2006 South Africa

Cryptosporidiosis is a zoonotic disease that affects humans and animals globally, posing a significant public health and veterinary concern. It is mainly transmitted through the faecal-oral route. To capture the inherent variability in the dynamics of cryptosporidiosis, a continuous-time Markov chain (CTMC) stochastic model is developed and analysed, based on an analogous deterministic model. The aim is to investigate the probability of disease persistence in cattle, immunocompetent humans, and immunocompromised humans. The stochastic threshold in the CTMC stochastic model is computed using the multitype branching process. The probability of disease extinction, as determined through the multitype branching process, demonstrates a good match with the probability approximated through numerical simulations. Cryptosporidiosis is more likely to extinct if it emerges from infected immunocompetent human compartments than from infected immunocompromised human compartments. However, a major disease outbreak is probable if the disease originates from either infected cattle compartments or Cryptosporidium oocysts in the environment compartment. The finite time to cryptosporidiosis extinction is shorter when the disease is introduced by an infected human or cattle compared to exposed individuals. This suggests that the incubation period prolongs the extinction time. The results of the sensitivity analysis show that a 90% reduction in human shedding rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts into the environment carries the highest probability of disease extinction, provided that the disease originates from an infected human. Therefore, reducing the shedding rates of Cryptosporidium oocysts into the environment by infectious humans is critical for the control and prevention of cryptosporidiosis in susceptible populations. This underscores the importance of measures such as proper sanitation practices, environmental decontamination, and effective cattle farm management to eliminate Cryptos

关键词： Cryptosporidiosis Cryptosporidium CTMC stochastic model Immunocompetent Immunocompromised

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A novel and intelligent GSM-based smart prepaid water meter: A case of rural/urban areas in Arusha, Tanzania

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IEEE Potentials 2023年第4期42卷 29-38页

作者： Ntambara, Boniface Blasius, Nkoloogi Nyambo, Devotha G. Kipketer, Dickson Ally, Mussa School of Computational and Communication Science and Engineering The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology Department of Embedded and Mobile Systems Arusha447 Tanzania United Republic of ESOM School of Music Uganda

The Arusha Urban Water Supply and Sanitation Authority (AUWSA) is a public utility responsible for ensuring the reliable delivery of clean water to the people of Arusha, Tanzania. However, issues with water bill payments have emerged, which have impacted the AUWSA's operations and ability to provide a sustainable and affordable water supply service. Late payment of water bills and revenue loss due to the outdated postpayment water metering technology are the major challenges faced by the AUWSA. To address these issues, a study has designed and developed an intelligent GSM-based smart prepaid water meter with improved prepayment methods. The prepaid water meter includes a custom user interface, water flow sensor, automatic token generator, and Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) application. Customers can easily register;load their water credits using Airtel Money, TigoPesa, or Mpesa;and check their usage. An LCD displays water usage information, and customers receive short message service (SMS) notifications via GSM technology when their tokens are about to expire or have been successfully loaded. Water flows, and the valve stops when credits are exhausted. The system's administrator (admin) communicates with the meter remotely via a web interface developed using PHP, HTML, JavaScript, and SQL. This interface enables the AUWSA to monitor and manage the meter, which should help reduce revenue losses and improve overall efficiency. Future research should focus on predicting water leakage and cybersecurity using artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) technologies. © 1988-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Flow of water

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