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DAFPN-YOLO: An Improved UAV-Based Object Detection Algorithm Based on YOLOv8s

computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第5期83卷 1929-1949页

作者： Honglin Wang Yaolong Zhang Cheng Zhu School of Artificial Intelligence Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China School of Computer Science Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing210044China Electrical&Computer Engineering University of Illinois at Urbana-ChampaignUrbanaIL 61801USA

UAV-based object detection is rapidly expanding in both civilian and military applications,including security surveillance,disaster assessment,and border ***,challenges such as small objects,occlusions,complex backgrounds,and variable lighting persist due to the unique perspective of UAV *** address these issues,this paper introduces DAFPN-YOLO,an innovative model based on YOLOv8s(You Only Look Once version 8s).Themodel strikes a balance between detection accuracy and speed while reducing parameters,making itwell-suited for multi-object detection tasks from drone perspectives.A key feature of DAFPN-YOLO is the enhanced Drone-AFPN(Adaptive Feature Pyramid Network),which adaptively fuses multi-scale features to optimize feature extraction and enhance spatial and small-object *** leverage Drone-AFPN’smulti-scale capabilities fully,a dedicated 160×160 small-object detection head was added,significantly boosting detection accuracy for small *** the backbone,the C2f_Dual(Cross Stage Partial with Cross-Stage Feature Fusion Dual)module and SPPELAN(Spatial Pyramid Pooling with Enhanced LocalAttentionNetwork)modulewere *** components improve feature extraction and information aggregationwhile reducing parameters and computational complexity,enhancing inference ***,Shape-IoU(Shape Intersection over Union)is used as the loss function for bounding box regression,enabling more precise shape-based object *** results on the VisDrone 2019 dataset demonstrate the effectiveness *** to YOLOv8s,the proposedmodel achieves a 5.4 percentage point increase inmAP@0.5,a 3.8 percentage point improvement in mAP@0.5:0.95,and a 17.2%reduction in parameter *** results highlight DAFPN-YOLO’s advantages in UAV-based object detection,offering valuable insights for applying deep learning to UAV-specific multi-object detection tasks.

关键词： YOLOv8 UAV-based object detection AFPN small-object detection head SPPELAN DualConv loss function

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Road Surface Analysis through Machine Learning Techniques

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IEIE Transactions on Smart Processing and Computing 2024年第4期13卷 344-353页

作者： Singh, Prabhat Sharma, Shilpi Kamal, Ahmed E. Kumar, Sunil Department of Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering & Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Iowa State University Ames United States Computer Science and Engineering Amity School of Engineering & Technology Uttar Pradesh Noida India

Roads are an important part of transporting goods and products from one place to another. In developing countries, the main challenge is to maintain road conditions regularly. Roads can deteriorate from time to time. Monitoring the conditions of the roads, which may degrade with time, is very difficult, resulting in a delay in transportation and damage to the vehicles moving on the roads. Poor road conditions cause road accidents. A model is being proposed to monitor the conditions of the road surface by smartphone sensors. Accelerometer, gyroscope, and GPS sensors are deployed in the mobile phones, which will help to collect data on the road conditions. After collecting the data about the road conditions, various machine learning approaches, such as supervised, multi-layered, and multiclass, are applied to data filtration. Road conditions are divided into three categories to achieve this methodology: potholes, deep traverse cracks, and smooth roads. This categorization helped in analyzing the road surface condition through smartphone sensors over all three axes instead of taking it over a single axis. Neural networks helped analyze data or road conditions more accurately than Decision Tree and SVM. Copyrights © 2024 The Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers.

关键词： Decision trees

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AN ITERATIVE TWO-GRID METHOD FOR STRONGLY NONLINEAR ELLIPTIC BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

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Journal of Computational Mathematics 2025年第3期43卷 673-689页

作者： Jiajun Zhan Lei Yang Xiaoqing Xing Liuqiang Zhong School of Computer Science and Engineering Faculty of Innovation EngineeringMacao University of Science and TechnologyMacao SAR 999078China School of Mathematical Sciences South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631China

We design and analyze an iterative two-grid algorithm for the finite element discretizations of strongly nonlinear elliptic boundary value problems in this *** propose an iterative two-grid algorithm,in which a nonlinear problem is first solved on the coarse space,and then a symmetric positive definite problem is solved on the fine *** main contribution in this paper is to establish a first convergence analysis,which requires dealing with four coupled error estimates,for the iterative two-grid *** also present some numerical experiments to confirm the efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

关键词： Iterative two-grid method Convergence Strongly nonlinear elliptic problems

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Deep learning applications in the Internet of Things: a review, tools, and future directions

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Evolutionary Intelligence 2024年第5-6期17卷 3621-3654页

作者： Raoufi, Parisa Hemmati, Atefeh Rahmani, Amir Masoud Department of Computer Engineering Central Tehran Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Department of Computer Engineering Science and Research Branch Islamic Azad University Tehran Iran Future Technology Research Center National Yunlin University of Science and Technology Yunlin64002 Taiwan

The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the proliferation of interconnected devices and sensors, generating vast amounts of often complex and unstructured data. Deep learning (DL), a subfield of machine learning (ML), has shown great promise in addressing the challenges of processing and analyzing such data. Considering the increasing importance of DL and data analysis, we decided to review the articles of the last few years in this field to pave the way for researchers. In this article, we used the systematic literature review (SLR) method, and in line with that, we selected and analyzed 56 articles published from 2019 to April 2024. We first discuss the DL models used in the IoT field and clarify their specific use cases. Secondly, we outline an analysis of research areas in DL-based IoT. In addition, our research extends to the tools and simulators used to evaluate studies in the DL-based IoT domain. We also examine the DL-based IoT research datasets. Finally, our review identifies future directions and open issues in DL-based IoT. We aim to contribute to an accurate understanding of the current state, challenges, and potential breakthroughs at the intersection of DL and the IoT. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Internet of things

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Integrating machine learning and extreme value theory for estimating crash frequency-by-severity via AI-based video analytics

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Communications in Transportation Research 2024年第1期4卷 382-392页

作者： Fizza Hussain Yuefeng Li Md Mazharul Haque School of Civil&Environment Engineering Queensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4000Australia School of Computer ScienceQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbane4000Australia

Traffic conflict techniques rely heavily on the proper identification of conflict extremes,which directly affects the prediction performance of extreme value *** sampling techniques,namely,block maxima and peak over threshold,form the core of these *** studies have demonstrated the inefficacy of extreme value models based on these sampling approaches,as their crash estimates are too imprecise,hindering their widespread practical ***,anomaly detection techniques for sampling conflict extremes have been used,but their application has been limited to estimating crash frequency without considering the crash severity *** address this research gap,this study proposes a hybrid model of machine learning and extreme value theory within a bivariate framework of traffic conflict measures to estimate crash frequency by severity *** particular,modified time-to-collision(MTTC)and expected post-collision change in velocity(Delta-V orΔV)have been proposed in the hybrid modeling framework to estimate rear-end crash frequency by severity ***-end conflicts were identified through artificial intelligence-based video analytics for three four-legged signalized intersections in Brisbane,Australia,using four days of ***-stationary bivariate hybrid generalized extreme value models with different anomaly detection/sampling techniques(isolation forest and minimum covariance determinant)were *** non-stationarity of traffic conflict extremes was handled by parameterizing model parameters,including location,scale,and both location and scale parameters *** results indicate that the bivariate hybrid models can estimate severe and non-severe crashes when compared with historical crash records,thereby demonstrating the viability of the proposed approach.A comparative analysis of two anomaly techniques reveals that the isolation forest model marginally outperforms the minimum covariance determinant ***,the modeling f

关键词： Bivariate models Traffic conflicts Crash severity Crash frequency Generalized extreme value Anomaly detection techniques

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A novel method using matrix coding on-chain and sharing multimedia data for improved usability and reliability

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2024年第40期83卷 87727-87748页

作者： Yang, Lizhu Qin, Yong School of Computer Science and Engineering Guangzhou Institute of Science and Technology Guangzhou China School of Cyberspace Security Dongguan University of Technology Dongguan China

Blockchain technology has the characteristics of non-tampering and forgery, traceability, and so on, which have good application advantages for the storage of multimedia data. So we propose a novel method using matrix coding on-chain and sharing multimedia data for improved usability and reliability. Based on matrix code, we provide the block matrix coding-based on-chain storing method and the block invertible matrix decoding-based sharing method. The method progressively converts the block to create linearly coupled coded chunks, so the blockchain only sends the chunk sets that have been encoded. Each node also maintains just the ledger relevant to its own operations, which lessens the node’s storage burden. Meanwhile, we make several replications of the chunk set by adding a replication factor to increase the feasibility of chunks. Only when all of the target nodes fail is decoding reconstruction necessary, which further enhances the read performance of the blockchain. Many experimental tests are conducted to evaluate the performance based on various parameters such as time overhead, storage overhead, compression factor, failure factor, and so on. According to theoretical analysis and experimental verification, the method offers good read performance with a high recovery success rate and minimal storage occupation, while guaranteeing the availability and dependability of the block data. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Blockchain

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FIMKD: Feature-Implicit Mapping Knowledge Distillation for RGB-D Indoor Scene Semantic Segmentation

IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence

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IEEE Transactions on Artificial Intelligence 2024年第12期5卷 6488-6499页

作者： Zhou, Wujie Xiao, Yuxiang Liu, Yuanyuan Jiang, Qiuping Zhejiang University of Science & Technology School of Information & Electronic Engineering Hangzhou310023 China Nanyang Technological University School of Computer Science and Engineering Singapore308232 Singapore China University of Geosciences School of Computer and Technology Wuhan430074 China Ningbo University School of Information Science and Engineering Ningbo315211 China

Depth images are often used to improve the geometric understanding of scenes owing to their intuitive distance properties. Although there have been significant advancements in semantic segmentation tasks using red-green-blue-depth (RGB-D) images, the complexity of existing methods remains high. Furthermore, the requirement for high-quality depth images increases the model inference time, which limits the practicality of these methods. To address this issue, we propose a feature-implicit mapping knowledge distillation (FIMKD) method and a cross-modal knowledge distillation (KD) architecture to leverage deep modal information for training and reduce the model dependence on this information during inference. The approach comprises two networks: FIMKD-T, a teacher network that uses RGB-D data, and FIMKD-S, a student network that uses only RGB data. FIMKD-T extracts high-frequency information using the depth modality and compensates for the loss of RGB details due to a reduction in resolution during feature extraction by the high-frequency feature enhancement module, thereby enhancing the geometric perception of semantic features. In contrast, the FIMKD-S network does not employ deep learning techniques;instead, it uses a nonlearning approach to extract high-frequency information. To enable the FIMKD-S network to learn deep features, we propose a feature-implicit mapping KD for feature distillation. This mapping technique maps the features in channel and space to a low-dimensional hidden layer, which helps to avoid inefficient single-pattern student learning. We evaluated the proposed FIMKD-S∗ (FIMKD-S with KD) on the NYUv2 and SUN-RGBD datasets. The results demonstrate that both FIMKD-T and FIMKD-S∗ achieve state-of-the-art performance. Furthermore, FIMKD-S∗ provides the best performance balance. © 2020 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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A Comprehensive Dataset of Real-scene Images for Text Detection and Recognition in Persian 14

A Comprehensive Dataset of Real-scene Images for Text Detect...

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14th International Conference on computer and Knowledge engineering, ICCKE 2024

作者： Souzanchi, Iman Rahimi, Ramin Anvari, Mohammad Ali Majidi Baniasadi, Atefeh Sadeghi, Ashkan Mohammadi, Mohammad Reza PART AI Research Center Tehran Iran School of Computer Engineering Iran University of Science and Technology Tehran Iran

ISBN: (纸本)9798331511272

— Extracting text from scene images is a widely utilized field owing to the abundance of information available in scene images and their potential utilization in computer vision applications such as self-driving cars, text translation, information extraction from invoices, shopfronts, license plate retrieval, etc. Nonetheless, this field presents challenges because of the varying fonts, styles, sizes, and other characteristics of the text. Despite the existence of numerous studies on scene text recognition for languages such as English that employ deep learning models, a major barrier to implementing these models in Persian is the lack of an appropriate and sufficient dataset both in terms of quantity and quality. This paper aims to introduce a comprehensive collection of Persian scene images obtained from diverse sources, including newspapers, magazines, books, business cards, road signs, advertising billboards, shopfronts, invoices, and scanned documents. This dataset comprises over 250k annotated text lines from 5000 images, including various lengths, fonts, and sizes that have been prepared under different conditions, including varying brightness and viewing angles. Additionally, more than 2,500,000 images of meaningful sentences have been synthesized since the annotation of real data is so expensive. In order to assess the efficacy of our dataset, a scene text recognition model was trained from existing models, and a word accuracy of 83.9% was achieved on challenging test images. ©2024 IEEE.

关键词： Image annotation

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Event-triggered tracking control for a class of nonholonomic systems in chained form

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science China(Information sciences) 2023年第7期66卷 147-161页

作者： Liang XU Youfeng SU He CAI Center for Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science Fuzhou University College of Computer and Data Science Fuzhou University School of Automation Science and Engineering South China University of Technology

In this study, the event-triggered asymptotic tracking control problem is considered for a class of nonholonomic systems in chained form for the time-varying reference input. First, to eliminate the ripple phenomenon caused by the imprecise compensation of the time-varying reference input, a novel time-varying event-triggered piecewise continuous control law and a triggering mechanism with a time-varying triggering function are developed. Second, an explicit integral input-to-state stable Lyapunov function is constructed for the time-varying closed-loop system regarding the sampling error as the external input. The origin of the closed-loop system is shown to be uniformly globally asymptotically stable for any global exponential decaying threshold signals, which in turn rules out the Zeno behavior. Moreover, infinitely fast sampling can be avoided by appropriately tuning the exponential convergence rate of the threshold signal. A numerical simulation example is provided to illustrate the proposed control approach.

关键词： event-triggered nonholonomic systems strict Lyapunov function tracking integral input-to-state stable

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A Steel Surface Defect Detection Model Based on YOLOv7-tiny

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2024年第12期51卷 2074-2082页

作者： Wang, Yayun Tao, Ye Cui, Wenhua Shen, Lijia Anshan Normal University Anshan China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan China School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan China

This article designs the PELAN structure based on the lightweight YOLOv7-tiny model for surface defect detection of hot-rolled steel strips. At the same time, the CA (Channel Attention) is embedded in the feature pyramid structure and the Slim-Neck structure is introduced at the neck. Through experimental result analysis, it is proved that the lightweight algorithm not only reduces model complexity, but also has better detection accuracy and processing speed. This article focuses on exploring the potential of lightweight YOLOv7-tiny models in steel surface defect detection. With the advancement of Industry 4.0, quickly and accurately detecting surface defects on steel strips has become crucial. However, traditional defect detection methods often face issues such as large computational requirements and poor real-time performance. Therefore, we have designed a novel PELAN structure that combines CA(Channel Attention)and Slim-Neck structure. The aim is to reduce model complexity while maintaining or even improving detection accuracy and processing speed. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Hot rolling

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