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MalFSM: Feature Subset Selection Method for Malware Family Classification

Chinese Journal of Electronics 2023年第1期32卷 26-38页

作者： KONG Zixiao XUE Jingfeng WANG Yong ZHANG Qian HAN Weijie ZHU Yufen School of Computer Science and Technology Beijing Institute of Technology School of Space Information Space Engineering University

Malware detection has been a hot spot in cyberspace security and academic research. We investigate the correlation between the opcode features of malicious samples and perform feature extraction, selection and fusion by filtering redundant features, thus alleviating the dimensional disaster problem and achieving efficient identification of malware families for proper classification. Malware authors use obfuscation technology to generate a large number of malware variants, which imposes a heavy analysis burden on security researchers and consumes a lot of resources in both time and space. To this end, we propose the MalFSM framework. Through the feature selection method, we reduce the 735 opcode features contained in the Kaggle dataset to 16, and then fuse on metadata features(count of file lines and file size)for a total of 18 features, and find that the machine learning classification is efficient and high accuracy. We analyzed the correlation between the opcode features of malicious samples and interpreted the selected features. Our comprehensive experiments show that the highest classification accuracy of MalFSM can reach up to 98.6% and the classification time is only 7.76 s on the Kaggle malware dataset of Microsoft.

关键词： Correlation Fuses Filtering Cyberspace Machine learning Metadata Feature extraction

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CrowdCL: Unsupervised Crowd Counting Network via Contrastive Learning

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IEEE Internet of Things Journal 2025年第12期12卷 21704-21719页

作者： Hu, Yingxiang Liu, Yanbo Cao, Guo Wang, Jin Nanjing University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing210096 China Nantong University School of Information Science and Technology 226000 China

With the continuous growth of the population, crowd counting plays a crucial role in intelligent monitoring systems for the Internet of Things (IoT) and smart city development. Accurate monitoring of crowd density not only helps maintain public safety but also effectively promotes the development of smart cities. Currently, supervised crowd counting techniques have made significant progress in improving accuracy, but these methods rely on expensive manual annotations and have limited generalization performance. To address these challenges, this paper proposes an unsupervised crowd counting network based on contrastive learning, named CrowdCL. CrowdCL primarily leverages image-image contrastive learning and text-image contrastive learning to achieve unsupervised crowd counting. Specifically, in image-image contrastive learning, we strengthen the network's ability to distinguish crowd features by designing progressive occlusion strategies and patch matching strategies, effectively differentiating crowd information from background information. In text-image contrastive learning, we construct ordered textual prompts to match ordered feature maps and use modality matching loss (Lm) to guide the image encoder. Additionally, to reduce the loss of fine details and alleviate the interference of complex backgrounds, we design a coarse-grained filtering strategy during the testing phase, assigning higher weights to crowd patches with greater potential. Experiments on multiple public datasets show that CrowdCL not only achieves outstanding performance but also outperforms some fully supervised methods in cross-dataset testing. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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Research on facial expression recognition based on multimodal data fusion and neural network

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International Journal of Wireless and Mobile Computing 2024年第1期27卷 47-55页

作者： Han, Yi Wang, Xubin Lu, Zhengyu School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Hubei Wuhan China Anyang Institute of Technology Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering Henan Province Anyang China School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Shanghai Institute of Technology FengXian District Shanghai China

Facial expression recognition is a challenging task when neural network is applied to pattern recognition. Most of the current recognition research is based on single source facial data, which generally has the disadvantages of low accuracy and low robustness. In this paper, a neural network algorithm of facial expression recognition based on multimodal data fusion is proposed. The algorithm is based on the multimodal data, and it takes the facial image, the histogram of oriented gradient of the image and the facial landmarks as the input, and establishes Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) designed to extract features from facial image, neural network designed to extract features from facial Landmarks and Neural Network (LNN) designed to extract features from Histogram of gradient (HNN), three sub-neural networks to extract data features, using multimodal data feature fusion mechanism to improve the accuracy of facial expression recognition. Experimental results show that, the algorithm has a great improvement in accuracy, robustness and detection speed. Copyright © 2024 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

关键词： Data fusion

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A Lightweight Object Detection Algorithm for Remote Sensing Images

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engineering Letters 2025年第3期33卷 704-711页

作者： Hou, Donghao Zhang, Yujun Ren, Jia School of Computer and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China School of Electronic and Information Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

With the continuous advancement of satellite technology, remote sensing images has been increasingly applied in fields such as urban planning, environmental monitoring, and disaster response. However, remote sensing images often feature small target sizes and complex backgrounds, posing significant computational challenges for object detection tasks. To address this issue, this paper proposes a lightweight remote sensing images object detection algorithm based on YOLOv9. The proposed algorithm incorporates the SimRMB module, which effectively reduces computational complexity while improving the efficiency and accuracy of feature extraction. Through a dynamic attention mechanism, SimRMB is capable of focusing on important regions while minimizing background interference, and by integrating residual learning and skip connections, it ensures the stability of deep networks. To further enhance detection performance, the FasterRepNCSPELAN4 module is introduced, which employs PConv operations to reduce computational load and memory usage. It also utilizes dilated convolutions and DFC attention mechanisms to strengthen feature extraction, thereby increasing the efficiency and accuracy of object detection. Additionally, this study integrates the GhostModuleV2 module, which generates core feature maps and employs lightweight operations to create redundant features, greatly reducing the computational complexity of *** results show that on the SIMD dataset, the improved YOLOv9 model has a parameter size of 167.88 MB and GFLOPs of 208.6. Compared to the baseline YOLOv9 model (parameter size: 194.57 MB, GFLOPs: 239.0), the parameter size is reduced by 13.71%, GFLOPs are reduced by 12.72%, and detection accuracy is improved by 1.4%. These results demonstrate that the proposed lightweight YOLOv9 model effectively reduces computational overhead while maintaining excellent detection performance, providing an efficient solution for object detection tasks in resou

关键词： Satellite imagery

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Classifying distinct emotions from parents of ASD child using EEG source data by combining Bernoulli–Laplace Prior and graph neural networks

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第12期37卷 7877-7895页

作者： ArulDass, Stephen Dass Jayagopal, Prabhu School of Computer Science Engineering and Information Systems Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore632014 India

Emotion recognition using biological brain signals needs to be reliable to attain effective signal processing and feature extraction techniques. The impact of emotions in interpretations, conversations, and decision-making, has made automatic emotion recognition and examination of a significant feature in the field of psychiatric disease treatment and cure. The problem arises from the limited spatial resolution of EEG recorders. Predetermined quantities of electroencephalography (EEG) channels are used by existing algorithms, which combine several methods to extract significant data. The major intention of this study was to focus on enhancing the efficiency of recognizing emotions using signals from the brain through an experimental, adaptive selective channel selection approach that recognizes that brain function shows distinctive behaviors that vary from one individual to another individual and from one state of emotions to another. We apply a Bernoulli–Laplace-based Bayesian model to map each emotion from the scalp senses to brain sources to resolve this issue of emotion mapping. The standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) technique is employed to instantiate the source signals. We employed a progressive graph convolutional neural network (PG-CNN) to identify the sources of the suggested localization model and the emotional EEG as the main graph nodes. In this study, the proposed framework uses a PG-CNN adjacency matrix to express the connectivity between the EEG source signals and the matrix. Research on an EEG dataset of parents of an ASD (autism spectrum disorder) child has been utilized to investigate the ways of parenting of the child's mother and father. We engage with identifying the personality of parental behaviors when regulating the child and supervising his or her daily activities. These recorded datasets incorporated by the proposed method identify five emotions from brain source modeling, which significantly improves the accurac

关键词： Electroencephalography

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A Novel Trustworthiness Measurement Model Based on Weight and User Feedback

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Chinese Journal of Electronics 2022年第4期31卷 612-625页

作者： ZHOU Wei MA Yanfang PAN Haiyu School of Computer Science and Technology Huaibei Normal University School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Changzhou Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Security Guilin University of Electronic Technology

Software trustworthiness is an essential criterion for evaluating software quality. In componentbased software, different components play different roles and different users give different grades of trustworthiness after using the software. The two elements will both affect the trustworthiness of software. When the software quality is evaluated comprehensively, it is necessary to consider the weight of component and user feedback. According to different construction of components, the different trustworthiness measurement models are established based on the weight of components and user feedback. Algorithms of these trustworthiness measurement models are designed in order to obtain the corresponding trustworthiness measurement value automatically. The feasibility of these trustworthiness measurement models is demonstrated by a train ticket purchase system.

关键词： Component-based software Trustworthiness Weight User feedback Measurement

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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An overview on IRS-enabled sensing and communications for 6G: architectures, fundamental limits, and joint beamforming designs

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Science China(information Sciences) 2025年第5期68卷 170-193页

作者： Xianxin SONG Yuan FANG Feng WANG Zixiang REN Xianghao YU Ye ZHANG Fan LIU Jie XU Derrick Wing Kwan NG Rui ZHANG Shuguang CUI School of Science and Engineering (SSE) Shenzhen Future Network of Intelligence Institute (FNii-Shenzhen)and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Future Networks of Intelligence The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical Engineering City University of Hong Kong School of Information Engineering Guangdong University of Technology Key Laboratory of Wireless-Optical Communications Chinese Academy of Sciences School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Computer School Beijing Information Science and Technology University National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory School of Information Science and Engineering Southeast University School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications University of New South Wales School of Science and Engineering Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data The Chinese University of Hong Kong Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of Singapore

This study presents an overview on intelligent reflecting surface(IRS)-enabled sensing and communication for the forthcoming sixth-generation(6G) wireless networks, in which IRSs are strategically deployed to proactively reconfigure wireless environments to improve both sensing and communication(S&C) performance. First, we exploit a single IRS to enable wireless sensing in the base station's(BS's) non-line-of-sight(NLoS) area. In particular, we present three IRS-enabled NLoS target sensing architectures with fully-passive, semi-passive, and active IRSs, respectively. We compare their pros and cons by analyzing the fundamental sensing performance limits for target detection and parameter estimation. Next, we consider a single IRS to facilitate integrated sensing and communication(ISAC), in which the transmit signals at the BS are used for achieving both S&C functionalities, aided by the IRS through reflective beamforming. We present joint transmit signal and receiver processing designs for realizing efficient ISAC, and jointly optimize the transmit beamforming at the BS and reflective beamforming at the IRS to balance the fundamental performance tradeoff between S&C. Furthermore, we discuss multi-IRS networked ISAC, by particularly focusing on multi-IRS-enabled multi-link ISAC, multi-region ISAC, and ISAC signal routing, respectively. Finally, we highlight various promising research topics in this area to motivate future work.

关键词： integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) non-line-of-sight (NLoS) sensing sensing and communication tradeoff

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Modeling contextual goals and detecting context conflicts from BDD-based user stories

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International Journal of computers and Applications 2024年第12期46卷 1057-1068页

作者： Zheng, Liwei Wang, Yan Cui, Zhanqi Computer School Software Engineering Research Center Beijing Information Science and Technology University Beijing China

Behavior-Driven Development (BDD) user stories are widely used in agile methods for capturing user requirements and acceptance criteria due to their simplicity and clarity. However, the concise structure of BDD-based user stories prevents capturing contextual information and connections between them, which help stakeholders understand requirements and uncover potential issues. The contextual goal models (CGMs) can provide explicit relationships between goals and contexts, but manually constructing models is effort-intensive. This paper proposes an automated approach called BUS2C to model contextual goals and detect context conflicts from BDD-based user stories. The aim is to improve requirements analysis by systematically eliciting goals and dependencies. BUS2C approach involves: (1) mapping BDD-based user story elements to CGMs, and (2) merging related models based on similarity. The context conflict detection algorithm checks if contexts associated with different goals are compatible using natural language metrics. We evaluated BUS2C approach through three experiments. First, we showed the effectiveness in merging scattered CGMs with common features. Second, we demonstrated the capability to construct CGMs from BDD-based user stories quickly, assisting modelers. Our merging method also produced models closer to manually built ones versus without merging. Third, we validated that the context conflict detection can successfully identify inconsistencies in small datasets, enhancing requirements quality. Further validation on larger datasets is needed. In conclusion, this work contributes automated techniques to systematically model and analyze contextual goals from BDD-based user stories. By providing unified goal understanding and detecting issues like conflicts, BUS2C approach aims to improve requirements analysis and support adaptive systems development. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.

关键词： BDD-based user stories context conflict detection contextual goal model

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Research on Low Resolution Digital Image Reconstruction Method Based on Rational Function Model

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer Science 2024年第2期51卷 75-82页

作者： Feng, Xinling Zhu, Cuiqing Ge, Zixia School of Computer Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou213001 China Electrical & Information Engineering Jiangsu University of Technology Changzhou213001 China

In order to improve the visualization effect of low resolution digital images, this study proposes a low resolution digital image reconstruction method based on Rational Function Model. Firstly, bilateral filtering is employed to preprocess low resolution digital images for denoising with preservation of considerable edge details of the images. Secondly, to make the digital images unlimited to the coordinate system in the reconstruction process, a Rational Function Model with general attributes is constructed. Data obtained from the model is taken as the input information, and the generative adversarial network is used to extract image features, which lays the data foundation for subsequent image reconstruction. Thirdly, SIFT algorithm and Difference of Gaussians function are used for accurate feature extraction to compensate for the extraction deviation caused by the defects of the training set itself in the generative adversarial network. Finally, the processes of feature point direction matching, wavelet transform, bilateral regularization processing, pixel correction, edge adaptive processing, etc. are carried out for ortho correction of the image function model. On this basis, image reconstruction is eventually established. The experiment shows the edges of the reconstructed digital image are non-aliased and relatively smooth, and the texture direction and shape in the original image are well maintained, so that the details of the target parts are greatly preserved, with high accuracy of feature point matching. Furthermore, the peak signal-to-noise ratio of the reconstructed digital image ranges from 90.3dB to 92.7dB, and the structural similarity index varies from 0.93 to 0.96, further demonstrating the effectiveness of this method. © (2024), (International Association of Engineers). All Rights Reserved.

关键词： Image reconstruction

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