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Autonomous Number Plate Detection System for Vehicle Identification and Tracking

Autonomous Number Plate Detection System for Vehicle Identif...

Recent Trends in Microelectronics, Automation, Computing and Communications Systems (ICMACC), International Conference on

作者： Neha Sri Nareddy Abhinaya Polneni Rekha Baithi Pratyusha Kunchamwar Sunil Kumar Suvarna Durgabhavani Battu Naveena Budda Vikas Agarwal Premchander Munimanda AI IoT and Robotics Lab (AIR Lab) AGVs Group Autonomous Robotics Systems Limited Hyderabad India Department of Information Technology Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women Hyderabad India Ideabytes Software India Private Limited Hyderabad India School of Computer Science Georgia Tech Atlanta USA School of Computer Science and Engineering Malla Reddy Engineering College for Women Hyderabad India

ISBN: (数字)9798350366570

ISBN: (纸本)9798350366587

The autonomous number plate detection system plays a crucial role in modern transportation, law enforcement, and security infrastructure. Technical approaches using artificial intelligence, machine learning, and computer vision are actively researched to achieve ease of maintenance through real-time vehicle detection. The recent development has drastically improved the accuracy of object detection and recognition systems in deep neural networks. Using these techniques, vehicle number plates can easily be detected autonomously for vehicle identification and tracking. Here, we have used a custom-trained TensorFlow-based number plate detection method to autonomously detect vehicles using images captured by a smartphone, or surveillance camera. It showed an impressive mAP @ 0.5 of 95%, and demonstrated limitations in long-distance detection, leading us to designate it as the optimal vehicle detection model for accuracy. We designed and developed an autonomous number plate detection system for vehicle identification and tracking, which includes web-based, android-based, and embedded-based applications. In addition, we evaluated the proposed autonomous number plate detection system with real-time images and videos. The proposed system achieved real-time vehicle detection and tracking, boasting a commendable 90% detection accuracy.

关键词： Visualization Accuracy Law enforcement System performance Transportation Artificial neural networks Real-time systems Security License plate recognition Videos

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Algorithm Design and Prototype Validation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Sensing Surface: Forward-Only Transmission

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Luo, Cheng Xiang, Luping Hu, Jie Yang, Kun School of Information and Communication Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Chengdu611731 China State Key Laboratory of Novel Software Technology Nanjing University Nanjing210008 China Suzhou China School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering University of Essex ColchesterCO4 3SQ United Kingdom

Sensing-assisted communication schemes have recently garnered significant research attention. In this work, we design a dual-function reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS), integrating both active and passive elements, referred to as the reconfigurable intelligent sensing surface (RISS), to enhance communication. By leveraging sensing results from the active elements, we propose communication enhancement and robust interference suppression schemes for both near-field and far-field models, implemented through the passive elements. These schemes remove the need for base station (BS) feedback for RISS control, simplifying the communication process by replacing traditional channel state information (CSI) feedback with real-time sensing from the active elements. The proposed schemes are theoretically analyzed and then validated using software-defined radio (SDR). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the sensing algorithms in real-world scenarios, such as direction of arrival (DOA) estimation and radio frequency (RF) identification recognition. Moreover, the RISS-assisted communication system shows strong performance in communication enhancement and interference suppression, particularly in near-field models. Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： software prototyping

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Centerness-based Instance-aware Knowledge Distillation with Task-wise Mutual Lifting for Object Detection on Drone Imagery

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Du, Bowei Liao, Zhixuan Zhang, Yanan Cai, Zhi Chen, Jiaxin Huang, Di State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment Beihang University Beijing China School of Computer Science and Engineering Beihang University Beijing China Hangzhou Innovation Institute Beihang University Hangzhou China

Developing accurate and efficient detectors for drone imagery is challenging due to the inherent complexity of aerial scenes. While some existing methods aim to achieve high accuracy by utilizing larger models, their computational cost is prohibitive for drones. Recently, Knowledge Distillation (KD) has shown promising potential for maintaining satisfactory accuracy while significantly compressing models in general object detection. Considering the advantages of KD, this paper presents the first attempt to adapt it to object detection on drone imagery and addresses two intrinsic issues: (1) low foreground-background ratio and (2) small instances and complex backgrounds, which lead to inadequate training, resulting insufficient distillation. Therefore, we propose a task-wise Lightweight Mutual Lifting (Light-ML) module with a Centerness-based Instance-aware Distillation (CID) strategy. The Light-ML module mutually harmonizes the classification and localization branches by channel shuffling and convolution, integrating teacher supervision across different tasks during back-propagation, thus facilitating training the student model. The CID strategy extracts valuable regions surrounding instances through the centerness of proposals, enhancing distillation efficacy. Experiments on the VisDrone, UAVDT, and COCO benchmarks demonstrate that the proposed approach promotes the accuracies of existing state-ofthe- art KD methods with comparable computational requirements. Codes will be available upon acceptance. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Drones

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Monge-Ampere Regularization for Learning Arbitrary Shapes from Point Clouds

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Chuanxiang Zhou, Yuanfeng Wei, Guangshun Ma, Long Hou, Junhui Liu, Yuan Wang, Wenping School of Software Shandong University Jinan250100 China Department of Computer Science City University of Hong Kong Hong Kong College of Computing and Data Science Nanyang Technological University Singapore Department of Computer Science and Engineering Texas A&M University College StationTX77843 United States

As commonly used implicit geometry representations, the signed distance function (SDF) is limited to modeling watertight shapes, while the unsigned distance function (UDF) is capable of representing various surfaces. However, its inherent theoretical shortcoming, i.e., the non-differentiability at the zero-level set, would result in sub-optimal reconstruction quality. In this paper, we propose the scaled-squared distance function (S2DF), a novel implicit surface representation for modeling arbitrary surface types. S2DF does not distinguish between inside and outside regions while effectively addressing the non-differentiability issue of UDF at the zero-level set. We demonstrate that S2DF satisfies a second-order partial differential equation of Monge-Ampere-type, allowing us to develop a learning pipeline that leverages a novel Monge-Ampere regularization to directly learn S2DF from raw unoriented point clouds without supervision from ground-truth S2DF values. Extensive experiments across multiple datasets show that our method significantly outperforms state-of-the-art supervised approaches that require ground-truth surface information as supervision for training. The code will be publicly available at https://***/chuanxiang-yang/S2DF. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

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ADNet: A Neural Network for Accelerometer Signals Denoising

ADNet: A Neural Network for Accelerometer Signals Denoising

引用

International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

作者： Fengling Zheng Wei Li Chuntao Ding Xiaohui Cui School of Artificial Intelligence and Computer Science & Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Media Design and Software Technology & Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Technology og Healthcare Ministry of Education Jiangnan University Jiangsu P. R. China School of Computer and Information Beijing Jiaotong University Beijing China School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan University Wuhan P. R. China

ISBN: (数字)9798350359312

ISBN: (纸本)9798350359329

Accelerometer signals play a critical role in many fields, for example navigation and vehicle safety. However, uncontrollable factors such as defective equipment and harsh environments make the signals recorded by sensors contain a large amount of noise, which poses a great challenge. Most existing methods are based on traditional signal processing and often face problems of incomplete noise reduction or signal distortion after denoising. In this paper, we propose a data-driven denoising method for accelerometer signals (ADNet) based on the Wave_U_Net network architecture, incorporating Multi-Head Attention mechanism and Spatial Attention mechanism. This enhances the network’s feature extraction capability and accelerates its convergence speed. Meanwhile, the attention mechanism focuses the model’s attention on the clean signal’s feature information, improving the network’s fitting capability to the signal distribution. Therefore, ADNet can achieve more thorough denoising while reducing signal distortion after denoising. Finally, we conduct experiments on Walking speed dataset and field experiment dataset to verify the effectiveness of ADNet. The experimental results show that ADNet outperforms other baseline models in terms of Mean Square Error, Mean Absolute Error, Root Mean Square Error, and Signal-to-Noise Ratio.

关键词： Accelerometers Training Attention mechanisms Noise reduction Neural networks Vehicle safety Distortion

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Syllables to Scenes: Literary-Guided Free-Viewpoint 3D Scene Synthesis from Japanese Haiku

arXiv

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arXiv 2025年

作者： Yu, Chunan Han, Yidong Ding, Chaotao Zang, Ying Zhu, Lanyun Chen, Xinhao Li, Zejian Xu, Renjun Chen, Tianrun School of Information Engineering Huzhou University China College of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang University China College of Software Engineering Zhejiang University China Center for Data Science Zhejiang University China Technology Co. LTD China Singapore University of Technology and Design Singapore School of Humanities Wenzhou University China

In the era of the metaverse, where immersive technologies redefine human experiences, translating abstract literary concepts into navigable 3D environments presents a fundamental challenge in preserving semantic and emotional fidelity. This research introduces HaikuVerse, a novel framework for transforming poetic abstraction into spatial representation, with Japanese Haiku serving as an ideal test case due to its sophisticated encapsulation of profound emotions and imagery within minimal text. While existing text-to-3D methods struggle with nuanced interpretations, we present a literary-guided approach that synergizes traditional poetry analysis with advanced generative technologies. Our framework centers on two key innovations: (1) Hierarchical Literary-Criticism Theory Grounded Parsing (H-LCTGP), which captures both explicit imagery and implicit emotional resonance through structured semantic decomposition, and (2) Progressive Dimensional Synthesis (PDS), a multi-stage pipeline that systematically transforms poetic elements into coherent 3D scenes through sequential diffusion processes, geometric optimization, and real-time enhancement. Extensive experiments demonstrate that HaikuVerse significantly outperforms conventional text-to-3D approaches in both literary fidelity and visual quality, establishing a new paradigm for preserving cultural heritage in immersive digital spaces. Project website at: https://***/ Copyright © 2025, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantics

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Merkle Tree: A Fundamental Component of Blockchains

Merkle Tree: A Fundamental Component of Blockchains

引用

2021 International Conference on Electronic Information engineering and computer science, EIECS 2021

作者： Liu, Haojun Luo, Xinbo Liu, Hongrui Xia, Xubo School of Cyber Security Guangdong University of Foreign Studies Guangzhou China Xi'An Jiaotong-Liverpool University Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering Suzhou China College of Computer Science and Engineering Chongqing University of Technology Chongqing China Canadian International School Singapore Singapore

ISBN: (纸本)9781665416740

With the increasing popularity of blockchain technology, Merkle trees (or hash trees) are playing significant roles in verifying and retrieving data for the implementation of blockchain for allowing efficient and secure verification of the contents of large data structures. This article gives systematical insights into Merkle trees with respect to their principles, properties, advantages, and applications. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Hash functions

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Benchmarking Hallucination in Large Language Models based on Unanswerable Math Word Problem

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Sun, Yuhong Yin, Zhangyue Guo, Qipeng Wu, Jiawen Qiu, Xipeng Zhao, Hui Software Engineering Institute East China Normal University China School of Computer Science Fudan University China Shanghai AI Laboratory China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing Shanghai China

Large language models (LLMs) are highly effective in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, they are susceptible to producing unreliable conjectures in ambiguous contexts called hallucination. This paper presents a new method for evaluating LLM hallucination in Question Answering (QA) based on the unanswerable math word problem (MWP). To support this approach, we innovatively develop a dataset called Unanswerable Math Word Problem (UMWP) which comprises 5200 questions across five categories. We developed an evaluation methodology combining text similarity and mathematical expression detection to determine whether LLM considers the question unanswerable. The results of extensive experiments conducted on 31 LLMs, including GPT-3, InstructGPT, LLaMA, and Claude, demonstrate that in-context learning and reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF) training significantly enhance the model's ability to avoid hallucination. We show that utilizing MWP is a reliable and effective approach to assess hallucination. Our code and data are available at https://***/Yuki-Asuuna/UMWP. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Reinforcement learning

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A Survey on Federated Learning in Intelligent Transportation Systems

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Rongqing Wang, Hanqiu Li, Bing Cheng, Xiang Yang, Liuqing School of Software Engineering Tongji University Shanghai201804 China School of Electronics Peking University Beijing100871 China Guangzhou511458 China Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Hong Kong SAR5999077 Hong Kong

The development of Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) has brought about comprehensive urban traffic information that not only provides convenience to urban residents in their daily lives but also enhances the efficiency of urban road usage, leading to a more harmonious and sustainable urban life. Typical scenarios in ITS mainly include traffic flow prediction, traffic target recognition, and vehicular edge computing. However, most current ITS applications rely on a centralized training approach where users upload source data to a cloud server with high computing power for management and centralized training. This approach has limitations such as poor real-time performance, data silos, and difficulty in guaranteeing data privacy. To address these limitations, federated learning (FL) has been proposed as a promising solution. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the application of FL in ITS, with a particular focus on three key scenarios: traffic flow prediction, traffic target recognition, and vehicular edge computing. For each scenario, we provide an in-depth analysis of its key characteristics, current challenges, and specific manners in which FL is leveraged. Moreover, we discuss the benefits that FL can offer as a potential solution to the limitations of the centralized training approach currently used in ITS applications. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Intelligent systems

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A Study of Data Augmentation for Imbalance Problem in Network Traffic

A Study of Data Augmentation for Imbalance Problem in Networ...

引用

Blockchain Technology and Information Security (ICBCTIS), International Conference on

作者： Xu Wang Shimin Sun Li Han School of Computer Science and Engineering Tianjin University of Technology Tianjin China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Autonomous Intelligent Technology and System School of Software Tiangong University Tianjin China National Engineering Laboratory for Computer Virus Prevention and Control Technology Tianjin China

The complexity and diversity of smart grid systems increase the likelihood of anomalies in communications between devices in the system, and how these anomalies are detected is critical to the security of the grid system. However, the distribution of traffic types in the grid is often highly unbalanced, with the total amount of normal traffic data often far outweighing the anomalous data. This imbalance compromises the effectiveness of the detection model and poses a significant threat to the overall security of the grid. This paper improves on traditional conditional generation adversarial neural networks and designs a new approach to overcome this obstacle and enhance the security of smart grid systems. In the generator part, the spatial features of the data are captured by convolutional neural networks, and the temporal features of the data are captured by gated recurrent units. By integrating these two components into the generative network, we can generate synthetic data with both temporal and spatial features, thus enhancing the minority class samples. By incorporating the augmented minority data into the training process, the proposed approach enables the detection model to understand the distribution of features of the minority anomaly samples more accurately. This improved learning accuracy translates into improved model performance, resulting in higher detection rates for previously under-represented anomalies. In addition, our approach effectively addresses the inherent bias towards traffic types with higher flows typically observed in asymmetric datasets, thus providing a more equitable and comprehensive security solution for smart grid systems.

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