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arXiv 2024年

作者： Yang, Jirui Chen, Peng Lu, Zhihui Duan, Qiang Bao, Yubing School of Computer Science Fudan University Shanghai200433 China Shanghai Blockchain Engineering Research Center Shanghai200433 China Information Sciences & Technology Pennsylvania State University PA16802 United States School of Software Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology Nanjing210044 China

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) enables collaborative machine learning without the need for participants to share their raw private data. However, recent studies have uncovered privacy risks, where adversaries might reconstruct sensitive features through data leakage during the learning process. Although existing data reconstruction methods are effective to some extent, they exhibit limitations in VFL scenarios, as initiating an attack requires meeting more stringent conditions. To gain a comprehensive understanding of the risks of data reconstruction in VFL, this paper proposes a unified framework, the Unified InverNet Framework in VFL (UIFV), for data reconstruction under realistic black-box threat models. Within the UIFV framework, we consider four attack scenarios, strictly adhering to VFL protocols to maintain confidentiality. Experiments on four datasets show that our methods significantly outperform state-of-the-art techniques in terms of applicability and attack precision. Our work reveals severe privacy vulnerabilities within VFL systems that pose real threats to practical VFL applications, thus confirming the necessity of further enhancing privacy protection in the VFL architecture. Overall, this paper provides a thorough analysis of the risks of data reconstruction in VFL and offers important guidance to enhance the security of VFL deployments. Copyright © 2024, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Federated learning

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An explainable deep learning approach for stock market trend prediction

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Heliyon 2024年第21期10卷 e40095页

作者： Muhammad, Dost Ahmed, Iftikhar Naveed, Khwaja Bendechache, Malika CRT-AI and ADAPT Research Centres School of Computer Science University of Galway Ireland Department of Software Engineering University of Europe for Applied Sciences Potsdam Germany Swedish Center for Digital Innovation University of Gothenburg Sweden ADAPT Research Centre School of Computer Science University of Galway Ireland

Given the intricate nature of stock forecasting as well as the inherent risks and uncertainties, analysis of market trends is necessary to capitalize on optimal investment opportunities for profit maximization and timely disinvestment for loss minimization. In this work, we propose a deep learning model for predicting five distinct stock market trends: upward, downward, double top, rounded bottom, and rounded top. The proposed model surpasses common benchmarks, including support vector machine, random forest, and logistic regression, achieving an average accuracy of 94.9%, compared to 85.7% for random forest, 60.07% for support vector machine, and 52.45% for logistic regression. Furthermore the proposed model excels in F1-score, with a 94.85% performance, compared to 77.95% for random forest, 21.02% for support vector machine and 46.23% for logistic regression, across four real world diverse datasets. Additionally, we employ explainable AI (XAI) techniques, SHAP and LIME, to enhance interpretability, enabling stakeholders to understand the key factors driving predictions. The SHAP analysis reveals the top 10 most important/influential features, enabling feature reduction while maintaining performance. Interestingly, while accuracy slightly decreases with top 10 features, precision, recall, and F1-score improve, suggesting a trade-off between comprehensiveness and performance. These results demonstrate the potential for practical application in financial decision-making, providing a balance between interpretability and predictive power that can support investors in risk management and strategic planning. © 2024 The Author(s)

关键词： Deep neural network Explainable AI Machine learning Stock market trend prediction Time series prediction

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Proportional Feature Pyramid Network for Lane Detection

Proportional Feature Pyramid Network for Lane Detection

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computer, Big Data and Artificial Intelligence (ICCBD+AI), International Conference on

作者： Jiapeng Hui Guoyun Lian Jiansheng Wu Shuting Ge Jinfeng Yang Institute of Applied Artificial Intelligence of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Shenzhen Polytechnic University Shenzhen China School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Anshan China

ISBN: (数字)9798350373233

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373240

Lane detection under extreme conditions presents a highly challenging task that requires capturing each crucial pixel to predict the complex topology of lane lines and differentiate the various lane types. Existing methods predominantly rely on deep feature extraction networks with substantial parameters or the fusion of multiple prediction modules, resulting in large model sizes, embedding difficulties, and slow detection speeds. This paper proposes a Proportional Feature Pyramid Network(P-FPN) through fusing the weights into the FPN for lane detection. In our method, the high-level features are explored to predict lanes coarsely while local- detailed features are leveraged to improve localization accuracy. Extensive experiments on the widely used lane detection dataset, CULane dataset, demonstrate that the proposed method achieves the competitive results compared with several state-of-the-art approaches.

关键词： Location awareness Lane detection Network topology Computational modeling computer architecture Predictive models Feature extraction

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Zero-shot Question Generation: Accelerate the Development of Domain-specific Dialogue System 7

Zero-shot Question Generation: Accelerate the Development of...

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7th IEEE International Conference on Big Data Security on Cloud, 7th IEEE International Conference on High Performance and Smart Computing, and 6th IEEE International Conference on Intelligent Data and Security, BigDataSecurity/HPSC/IDS 2021

作者： Zhang, Lei Ma, Meng Wang, Ping School of Electronics Engineering and Computer Science Peking University Beijing100871 China National Engineering Research Center for Software Engineering Peking University Beijing100871 China Ministry of Education Beijing100871 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665439275

Neural-based approaches to question generation from structured data in specific domain are data-hungry, which makes it difficult to apply these methods in the real world. In this paper, we define a new task called zero-shot domain-specific question generation. Research on this problem helps to quickly build a dialogue system in specific application domains. To tackle this problem, we propose a novel model ZQNet to generate questions from triples, of which the predicates are unseen in the training dataset. We train ZQNet model on open-domain dataset and perform the zero-shot fine-tuning. Given structured data in a specific domain, the trained model can automatically generate reasonable descriptions. In order to evaluate the performance of different models, we construct a testing dataset that contains factual triples and corresponding questions in traffic domain and conduct a series of comparative experiments on the testing dataset, which shows that our model achieves reasonable performances and outperforms other baselines. © 2021 IEEE.

关键词： Zero-shot learning

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Dual-View Pyramid Pooling in Deep Neural Networks for Improved Medical Image Classification and Confidence Calibration

arXiv

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arXiv 2024年

作者： Zhang, Xiaoqing Nie, Qiushi Xiao, Zunjie Zhao, Jilu Wu, Xiao Guo, Pengxin Li, Runzhi Liu, Jin Wei, Yanjie Pan, Yi Center for High Performance Computing Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Intelligent Bioinformatics Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangdong Shenzhen518055 China Department of Computer Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science The University of Hong Kong 999077 Hong Kong Cooperative Innovation Center of Internet Healthcare Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou450001 China Hunan Provincial Key Lab on Bioinformatics School of Computer Science and Engineering Central South University Changsha410083 China Xinjiang Engineering Research Center of Big Data and Intelligent Software School of software Xinjiang University Wulumuqi830046 China Faculty of Computer Science and Control Engineering Shenzhen University of Advanced Technology Shenzhen China

Spatial pooling (SP) and cross-channel pooling (CCP) operators have been applied to aggregate spatial features and pixel-wise features from feature maps in deep neural networks (DNNs), respectively. Their main goal is to reduce computation and memory overhead without visibly weakening the performance of DNNs. However, SP often faces the problem of losing the subtle feature representations, while CCP has a high possibility of ignoring salient feature representations, which may lead to both miscalibration of confidence issues and suboptimal medical classification results. To address these problems, we propose a novel dual-view framework, the first to systematically investigate the relative roles of SP and CCP by analyzing the difference between spatial features and pixel-wise features. Based on this framework, we propose a new pooling method, termed dual-view pyramid pooling (DVPP), to aggregate multi-scale dual-view features. DVPP aims to boost both medical image classification and confidence calibration performance by fully leveraging the merits of SP and CCP operators from a dual-axis perspective. Additionally, we discuss how to fulfill DVPP with five parameter-free implementations. Extensive experiments on six 2D/3D medical image classification tasks show that our DVPP surpasses state-of-the-art pooling methods in terms of medical image classification results and confidence calibration across different DNNs. © 2024, CC BY.

关键词： Deep neural networks

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Predict and Interpret Health Risk Using Ehr Through Typical Patients

Predict and Interpret Health Risk Using Ehr Through Typical ...

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International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing (ICASSP)

作者： Zhihao Yu Chaohe Zhang Yasha Wang Wen Tang Jiangtao Wang Liantao Ma School of Computer Science Peking University Beijing China Key Laboratory of High Confidence Software Technologies Ministry of Education Beijing China National Engineering Research Center of Software Engineering Peking University Beijing China Division of Nephrology Peking University Third Hospital Beijing China The Centre for Intelligent Healthcare Coventry University UK

Predicting health risks from electronic health records (EHR) is a topic of recent interest. Deep learning models have achieved success by modeling temporal and feature interaction. However, these methods learn insufficient representations and lead to poor performance when it comes to patients with few visits or sparse records. Inspired by the fact that doctors may compare the patient with typical patients and make decisions from similar cases, we propose a Progressive Prototypical Network (PPN) to select typical patients as prototypes and utilize their information to enhance the representation of the given patient. In particular, a progressive prototype memory and two prototype separation losses are proposed to update prototypes. Besides, a novel integration is introduced for better fusing information from patients and prototypes. Experiments on three real-world datasets demonstrate that our model brings improvement on all metrics. To make our results better understood by physicians, we developed an application at http://***. Our code is released at https://***/yzhHoward/PPN.

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Efficient COVID-19 detection using data mining algorithms: a comparison of basic and hybrid approaches

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Soft Computing 2025年第3期29卷 1437-1451页

作者： Saidi, Mohammad Gheibi, Mohammad Ghazikhani, Adel Lotfata, Aynaz Chahkandi, Benyamin Familsamavati, Sajad Behzadian, Kourosh Department of Computer Science Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran MS of Software Engineering Information and Communication Technology Unit Mashhad Municipality Fire and Safety Services Organization Mashhad Iran Big Data Lab Imam Reza International University Mashhad Iran Institute for Nanomaterials Advanced Technologies and Innovation Technical University of Liberec Liberec46117 Czech Republic Tallinn10615 Estonia Department of Pathology Microbiology and Immunology School of Veterinary Medicine University of California Davis95616 United States Department of Urban and Regional Planning San Jose State University San Jose95192 United States Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering Gdansk University of Technology Narutowicza Street 11/12 80-233 Gdansk Poland Tecnologico de Monterrey Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias Monterrey Mexico School of Computing and Engineering University of West London London United Kingdom

Accurate and efficient diagnosis of COVID-19 remains a significant challenge due to the limitations of current detection methods, such as blood tests and chest scans, which can be time-consuming and error-prone. This study aims to compare the performance of basic and hybrid data mining algorithms in diagnosing COVID-19, using blood test results and clinical information to identify the most effective approach. A dataset of 200 records from suspected and infected COVID-19 patients, with 23 characteristics and one diagnostic class, was analysed. Nine data mining algorithms were tested: four basic algorithms (Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Decision Tree, K-Nearest Neighbor) and five hybrid algorithms (Random Forest, AdaBoost, Majority Voting, XGBoost, Bagging). The study also integrated Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and Adaptive-Network-based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) to enhance model performance. The Bagging algorithm demonstrated superior performance with an accuracy of 88%, sensitivity of 74%, and F-criterion of 78%. The integration of RSM and ANFIS further showed that a smart model could be developed for efficient pandemic crisis management, achieving up to 100% accuracy when considering key factors like AST, Albumin, and CRP. The findings suggest that Bagging and hybrid data mining algorithms can significantly improve COVID-19 detection, reducing time and errors in identifying exposed individuals. The study highlights the potential of combining machine learning techniques with RSM-ANFIS models for effective pandemic management and decision-making in medical settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Support vector machines

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Token Contrast for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

Token Contrast for Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation

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Conference on computer Vision and Pattern Recognition (CVPR)

作者： Lixiang Ru Heliang Zheng Yibing Zhan Bo Du Hubei Key Laboratory of Multimedia and Network Communication Engineering Institute of Artificial Intelligence School of Computer Science National Engineering Research Center for Multimedia Software Wuhan University China JD Explore Academy China

Weakly-Supervised Semantic Segmentation (WSSS) using image-level labels typically utilizes Class Activation Map (CAM) to generate the pseudo labels. Limited by the local structure perception of CNN, CAM usually cannot identify the integral object regions. Though the recent Vision Transformer (ViT) can remedy this flaw, we observe it also brings the over-smoothing issue, i.e., the final patch tokens incline to be uniform. In this work, we propose Token Contrast (ToCo) to address this issue and further explore the virtue of ViT for WSSS. Firstly, motivated by the observation that intermediate layers in ViT can still retain semantic diversity, we designed a Patch Token Contrast module (PTC). PTC supervises the final patch tokens with the pseudo token relations derived from intermediate layers, allowing them to align the semantic regions and thus yield more accurate CAM. Secondly, to further differentiate the low-confidence regions in CAM, we devised a Class Token Contrast module (CTC) inspired by the fact that class tokens in ViT can capture high-level semantics. CTC facilitates the representation consistency between uncertain local regions and global objects by contrasting their class tokens. Experiments on the PASCAL VOC and MS COCO datasets show the proposed ToCo can remarkably surpass other single-stage competitors and achieve comparable performance with state-of-the-art multi-stage methods. Code is available at https://***/rulixiang/ToCo.

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TPE-H2MWD:an exact thumbnail preserving encryption scheme with hidden Markov model and weighted diffusion

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Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic engineering 2023年第8期24卷 1169-1180页

作者： Xiuli CHAI Xiuhui CHEN Yakun MA Fang ZUO Zhihua GAN Yushu ZHANG School of Artificial Intelligence Henan Engineering Research Center for Industrial Internet of ThingsHenan UniversityZhengzhou450046China Henan Key Laboratory of Cyberspace Situation Awareness Zhengzhou450001China School of Software Intelligent Data Processing Engineering Research Center of Henan ProvinceInstitute of Intelligent Network SystemHenan UniversityKaifeng475004China College of Computer Science and Technology Nanjing University of Aeronautics and AstronauticsNanjing211106China

With the substantial increase in image transmission,the demand for image security is ***-like images can be obtained by conventional encryption schemes,and although the security of the images can be guaranteed,the noise-like images cannot be directly previewed and *** on the rank-then-encipher method,some researchers have designed a three-pixel exact thumbnail preserving encryption(TPE2)scheme,which can be applied to balance the security and availability of images,but this scheme has low encryption *** this paper,we introduce an efficient exact thumbnail preserving encryption ***,blocking and bit-plane decomposition operations are performed on the plaintext *** zigzag scrambling model is used to change the bit positions in the lower four bit ***,an operation is devised to permute the higher four bit planes,which is an extended application of the hidden Markov ***,according to the difference in bit weights in each bit plane,a bit-level weighted diffusion rule is established to generate an encrypted image and still maintain the same sum of pixels within the *** results show that the proposed scheme improves the encryption efficiency and can guarantee the availability of images while protecting their privacy.

关键词： Hidden Markov model Weighted diffusion Balance between usability and privacy Image encryption

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AutoDebloater: Automated Android App Debloating

AutoDebloater: Automated Android App Debloating

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IEEE International Conference on Automated software engineering (ASE)

作者： Jiakun Liu Xing Hu Ferdian Thung Shahar Maoz Eran Toch Debin Gao David Lo School of Computing and Information Systems Singapore Management University Singapore School of Software Technology Zhejiang University China School of Computer Science Tel Aviv University Israel Department of Industrial Engineering Tel Aviv University Israel

Android applications are getting bigger with an increasing number of features. However, not all the features are needed by a specific user. The unnecessary features can increase the attack surface and cost additional resources (e.g., storage and memory). Therefore, it is important to remove unnecessary features from Android applications. However, it is difficult for the end users to fully explore the apps to identify the unnecessary features, and there is no off-the-shelf tool available to assist users to debloat the apps by themselves. In this work, we propose AutoDebloater to debloat Android applications automatically for end users. AutoDebloater is a web application that can be accessed by end-users through a web browser. In particular, AutoDebloater can automatically explore an app and identify the transitions between activities. Then, AutoDebloater will present the Activity Transition Graph to users and ask them to select the activities they do not want to keep. Finally, AutoDebloater will remove the activities that are selected by users from the app. We conducted a user study on five Android apps downloaded from three categories (i.e., Finance, Tools, and Navigation) in Google Play and F-Droid. The results show that users are satisfied with AutoDebloater in terms of the stability of the debloated apps and the ability of AutoDebloater to identify features that are never noticed before. The tool is available at http://***. The code is available at https://***/jiakun-liu/autodebloater/ and the demonstration video can be found at https://***/Gmz0-p2n9D4.

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