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IRS-enabled NOMA communication systems:A network architecture primer with future trends and challenges

Digital Communications and Networks 2024年第5期10卷 1503-1528页

作者： Haleema Sadia Ahmad Kamal Hassan Ziaul Haq Abbas Ghulam Abbas Muhammad Waqas Zhu Han Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications and Networking(TeleCoN)Research Center Ghulam Ishaq Khan Institute of Engineering and Technology(GIKI)Topi 23640Pakistan Faculty of Computer Science and Engineering GIKITopi 23640Pakistan Department of Computer Engineering College of Information TechnologyUniversity of Bahrain32028Bahrain School of Engineering Edith Cowan UniversityPerth WA6027Australia Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of HoustonHoustonTX 77004USA Department of Computer Science and Engineering Kyung Hee UniversitySeoul 446-701South Korea

Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access(NOMA)has already proven to be an effective multiple access scheme for5th Generation(5G)wireless *** provides improved performance in terms of system throughput,spectral efficiency,fairness,and energy efficiency(EE).However,in conventional NOMA networks,performance degradation still exists because of the stochastic behavior of wireless *** combat this challenge,the concept of Intelligent Reflecting Surface(IRS)has risen to prominence as a low-cost intelligent solution for Beyond 5G(B5G)*** this paper,a modeling primer based on the integration of these two cutting-edge technologies,i.e.,IRS and NOMA,for B5G wireless networks is *** in-depth comparative analysis of IRS-assisted Power Domain(PD)-NOMA networks is provided through 3-fold ***,a primer is presented on the system architecture of IRS-enabled multiple-configuration PD-NOMA systems,and parallels are drawn with conventional network configurations,i.e.,conventional NOMA,Orthogonal Multiple Access(OMA),and IRS-assisted OMA *** by this,a comparative analysis of these network configurations is showcased in terms of significant performance metrics,namely,individual users'achievable rate,sum rate,ergodic rate,EE,and outage ***,for multi-antenna IRS-enabled NOMA networks,we exploit the active Beamforming(BF)technique by employing a greedy algorithm using a state-of-the-art branch-reduceand-bound(BRB)*** optimality of the BRB algorithm is presented by comparing it with benchmark BF techniques,i.e.,minimum-mean-square-error,zero-forcing-BF,and ***,we present an outlook on future envisioned NOMA networks,aided by IRSs,i.e.,with a variety of potential applications for 6G wireless *** work presents a generic performance assessment toolkit for wireless networks,focusing on IRS-assisted NOMA *** comparative analysis provides a solid foundation for the dev

关键词： Intelligent reflecting surface Non-orthogonal multiple access 6G Beamforming Sum rate Energy efficiency

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Crafting Captivating Narratives: Enhancing Image Captioning Through Encoder-Decoder Architectures 2

Crafting Captivating Narratives: Enhancing Image Captioning ...

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2nd IEEE International Conference on Data science and Network Security, ICDSNS 2024

作者： Sahaaya Arul Mary, S.A. Pandey, Adamya Kumar Jha, Aadarsh Sharma, Kartikay Shohel, Mohmad Natarajan, B. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India School of Information Technology Vellore Institute of Technology Vellore India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350373110

This research work aims to develop an image captioning system utilizing deep learning techniques. The pre-trained VGG-16 model is employed to extract image features, while an innovative encoder-decoder architecture is used to generate descriptive captions. To ensure compatibility with the model, pre-processing techniques are applied to the dataset, which comprises images and their corresponding descriptions. Tokenization, vocabulary generation, and effectively utilizing a data generator are integral parts of the training process, facilitating the handling vast datasets. Multiple training epochs are employed to optimize the model's ability to associate captions with specific picture attributes. The model's performance is evaluated using BLEU-1 and BLEU-2 scores on a designated test set, providing quantitative insights into the quality of the generated captions. Additionally, this work includes a visualization component enabling users to input names of specific images, generating captions in real-time for comparative analysis with actual captions. This comprehensive approach integrates methodologies from computer vision and natural language processing, showcasing how deep learning can enhance the interpretability and comprehension of images akin to human perception. BLEU is a widely used, automated metric for evaluating image captioning models, offering objective and quantitative comparisons. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Deep learning

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Efficient Communication in Wireless Sensor Networks Using Optimized Energy Efficient Engroove Leach Clustering Protocol

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Tsinghua science and technology 2024年第4期29卷 985-1001页

作者： N.Meenakshi Sultan Ahmad A.V.Prabu J.Nageswara Rao Nashwan Adnan Othman Hikmat A.M.Abdeljaber R.Sekar Jabeen Nazeer SRM Institute of Science and Technology KattankulathurChennai 603203India Department of Computer Science College of Computer Engineering and SciencesPrince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz UniversityAlkharj 11942Saudi Arabia University Center for Research and Development(UCRD) Department of Computer Science and EngineeringChandigarh UniversityGharuanMohali 140413India Department of ECE Koneru Lakshmaiah Education FoundationVaddeswaramGuntur 522502India Department of Computer Science and Engineering Lakireddy Balireddy College of Engineering(A)NTR District 521230India Department of Computer Engineering College of EngineeringKnowledge UniversityErbil 44001Iraq Department of Computer Science Faculty of Information TechnologyApplied Science Private UniversityAmman 11937Jordan Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering(ECE) School of EngineeringPresidency UniversityBangalore 834001India

The Wireless Sensor Network(WSN)is a network that is constructed in regions that are inaccessible to human *** widespread deployment of wireless micro sensors will make it possible to conduct accurate environmental monitoring for a use in both civil and military *** make use of these data to monitor and keep track of the physical data of the surrounding environment in order to ensure the sustainability of the *** data have to be picked up by the sensor,and then sent to the sink node where they may be *** nodes of the WSNs are powered by batteries,therefore they eventually run out of *** energy restriction has an effect on the network life span and environmental *** objective of this study is to further improve the Engroove Leach(EL)protocol’s energy efficiency so that the network can operate for a very long time while consuming the least amount of *** lifespan of WSNs is being extended often using clustering and routing *** Meta Inspired Hawks Fragment Optimization(MIHFO)system,which is based on passive clustering,is used in this study to do *** cluster head is chosen based on the nodes’residual energy,distance to neighbors,distance to base station,node degree,and node *** on distance,residual energy,and node degree,an algorithm known as Heuristic Wing Antfly Optimization(HWAFO)selects the optimum path between the cluster head and Base Station(BS).They examine the number of nodes that are active,their energy consumption,and the number of data packets that the BS *** overall experimentation is carried out under the MATLAB *** the analysis,it has been discovered that the suggested approach yields noticeably superior outcomes in terms of throughput,packet delivery and drop ratio,and average energy consumption.

关键词： wireless sensor networks energy efficient engroove leach protocol meta inspired Hawks fragment optimization heuristic wing antfly optimization

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Tri-UnityNet: A Multifaceted Ensemble Model for Pneumonia Detection

Tri-UnityNet: A Multifaceted Ensemble Model for Pneumonia De...

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2024 International Conference on Advances in Data engineering and Intelligent Computing Systems, ADICS 2024

作者： Dhivyaa, C.R. Nithya, K. Shanmugapriya, P. Deebika, R. Kumar, K. Sathis Sudhakar, R. School Of Computer Science And Engineering Vellore Institute Of Technology Vellore India Srm Institute Of Science And Technology Computer Science And Engineering Trichy India Computer Science And Engineering Erode India K.S.R College Of Engineering Computer Science And Engineering Tiruchengode India Bannari Amman Institute Of Technology Computer Science And Engineering Sathyamangalam India Nandha College Of Technology Computer Science And Engineering Erode India

ISBN: (纸本)9798350364828

Pneumonia is an infection often caused by several viral infections and prediction of pneumonia requires expertise from radiotherapists, posing challenges, especially in remote areas. Developing an automatic pneumonia detection system is crucial to detect and treat pneumonia disease. Hence, an innovative approach is proposed to detect pneumonia by utilizing the ensemble of deep learning models, specifically VGG16, ResNet50, and InceptionV3. The ensemble method integrates predictions from these various architectures to enhance overall classification performance. Rather than starting the training of each model from the beginning, transfer learning techniques are utilized to fine-tune Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) models using a pre-existing knowledge base. This involves leveraging pre-trained models and adapting them specifically for the disease diagnose on Chest X-ray image dataset. The features are extracted from VGG16, ResNet50, and InceptionV3 models and the classes of disease are predicted by using softmax layers. Finally, ensemble learning is employed to fuse the predictions of multiple neural network architectures within Tri-UnityNet, enhancing its accuracy and robustness in pneumonia detection. By leveraging the complementary strengths of diverse models, the ensemble approach achieves superior performance, contributing to more reliable diagnostic outcomes. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Forecasting

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Gender-Based Analysis of User Reactions to Facebook Posts

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Big Data Mining and Analytics 2024年第1期7卷 75-86页

作者： Yassine El Moudene Jaafar Idrais Rida El Abassi Abderrahim Sabour Mathematical Engineering and Computer Science Laboratory Faculty of SciencesIbn Zohr UniversityAgadir 8706Morocco Department of Computer Science Mathematical−High School of Technology Ibn Zohr UniversityAgadir 8706Morocco

Online Social Networks(OSNs)are based on the sharing of different types of information and on various interactions(comments,reactions,and sharing).One of these important actions is the emotional reaction to the *** diversity of reaction types available on Facebook(namely FB)enables users to express their feelings,and its traceability creates and enriches the users’emotional identity in the virtual *** paper is based on the analysis of 119875012 FB reactions(Like,Love,Haha,Wow,Sad,Angry,Thankful,and Pride)made at multiple levels(publications,comments,and sub-comments)to study and classify the users’emotional behavior,visualize the distribution of different types of reactions,and analyze the gender impact on emotion *** of these can be achieved by addressing these research questions:who reacts the most?Which emotion is the most expressed?

关键词： profiling knowledge extraction data mining emotion mining social media data crawling Facebook reactions gender

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Plant Disease Detection and Classification Using Hybrid Model Based on Convolutional Auto Encoder and Convolutional Neural Network

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computers, Materials & Continua 2025年第6期83卷 5219-5234页

作者： Tajinder Kumar Sarbjit Kaur Purushottam Sharma Ankita Chhikara Xiaochun Cheng Sachin Lalar Vikram Verma Computer Science&Engineering Department Jai Parkash Mukand Lal Innovative Engineering&Technology InstituteRadaurYamunanagar135133India Department of Computer Science Government PG CollegeAmbala CanttAmbala134003India School of Computer Science&Engineering Galgotias UniversityGreater Noida203201India Department of Computer Science and Applications Kurukshetra UniversityKurukshetra136118India Computer Science Department Bay Campus Fabian WaySwansea UniversitySwanseaSA18ENUK Department of Engineering and Technology Gurugram UniversityGurugram122003India Department of CSE Panipat Institute of Engineering and TechnologyPanipat132103India

During its growth stage,the plant is exposed to various *** and early detection of crop diseases is amajor challenge in the horticulture *** infections can harmtotal crop yield and reduce farmers’income if not identified ***’s approved method involves a professional plant pathologist to diagnose the disease by visual inspection of the afflicted plant *** is an excellent use case for Community Assessment and Treatment Services(CATS)due to the lengthy manual disease diagnosis process and the accuracy of identification is directly proportional to the skills of *** alternative to conventional Machine Learning(ML)methods,which require manual identification of parameters for exact results,is to develop a prototype that can be classified without *** automatically diagnose tomato leaf disease,this research proposes a hybrid model using the Convolutional Auto-Encoders(CAE)network and the CNN-based deep learning architecture of *** date,none of the modern systems described in this paper have a combined model based on DenseNet,CAE,and ConvolutionalNeuralNetwork(CNN)todiagnose the ailments of tomato leaves *** trained on a dataset obtained from the Plant Village *** dataset consisted of 9920 tomato leaves,and the model-tomodel accuracy ratio was 98.35%.Unlike other approaches discussed in this paper,this hybrid strategy requires fewer training ***,the training time to classify plant diseases with the trained algorithm,as well as the training time to automatically detect the ailments of tomato leaves,is significantly reduced.

关键词： Tomato leaf disease deep learning DenseNet-121 convolutional autoencoder convolutional neural network

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SAM-Aware Graph Prompt Reasoning Network for Cross-Domain Few-Shot Segmentation 39

SAM-Aware Graph Prompt Reasoning Network for Cross-Domain Fe...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Peng, Shi-Feng Sun, Guolei Li, Yong Wang, Hongsong Xie, Guo-Sen School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing China Computer Vision Laboratory ETH Zurich Switzerland School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

The primary challenge of cross-domain few-shot segmentation (CD-FSS) is the domain disparity between the training and inference phases, which can exist in either the input data or the target classes. Previous models struggle to learn feature representations that generalize to various unknown domains from limited training domain samples. In contrast, the large-scale visual model SAM, pre-trained on tens of millions of images from various domains and classes, possesses excellent generalizability. In this work, we propose a SAM-aware graph prompt reasoning network (GPRN) that fully leverages SAM to guide CD-FSS feature representation learning and improve prediction accuracy. Specifically, we propose a SAM-aware prompt initialization module (SPI) to transform the masks generated by SAM into visual prompts enriched with high-level semantic information. Since SAM tends to divide an object into many sub-regions, this may lead to visual prompts representing the same semantic object having inconsistent or fragmented features. We further propose a graph prompt reasoning (GPR) module that constructs a graph among visual prompts to reason about their interrelationships and enable each visual prompt to aggregate information from similar prompts, thus achieving global semantic consistency. Subsequently, each visual prompt embeds its semantic information into the corresponding mask region to assist in feature representation learning. To refine the segmentation mask during testing, we also design a non-parameter adaptive point selection module (APS) to select representative point prompts from query predictions and feed them back to SAM to refine inaccurate segmentation results. Experiments on four standard CD-FSS datasets demonstrate that our method establishes new state-of-the-art results. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Twofold Debiasing Enhances Fine-Grained Learning with Coarse Labels 39

Twofold Debiasing Enhances Fine-Grained Learning with Coarse...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Zhao, Xin-Yang Jin, Jian Li, Yang-Yang Yao, Yazhou School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Jiangsu Nanjing China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

The Coarse-to-Fine Few-Shot (C2FS) task is designed to train models using only coarse labels, then leverages a limited number of subclass samples to achieve fine-grained recognition capabilities. This task presents two main challenges: coarse-grained supervised pre-training suppresses the extraction of critical fine-grained features for subcategory discrimination, and models suffer from overfitting due to biased distributions caused by limited fine-grained samples. In this paper, we propose the Twofold Debiasing (TFB) method, which addresses these challenges through detailed feature enhancement and distribution calibration. Specifically, we introduce a multi-layer feature fusion reconstruction module and an intermediate layer feature alignment module to combat the model’s tendency to focus on simple predictive features directly related to coarse-grained supervision, while neglecting complex fine-grained level details. Furthermore, we mitigate the biased distributions learned by the fine-grained classifier using readily available coarse-grained sample embeddings enriched with fine-grained information. Extensive experiments conducted on five benchmark datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our approach, achieving state-of-the-art results that surpass competitive methods. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Supervised learning

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ESEG: Event-Based Segmentation Boosted by Explicit Semantic-Edge Guidance 39

ESEG: Event-Based Segmentation Boosted by Explicit Semantic-...

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39th Annual AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence, AAAI 2025

作者： Zhao, Yucheng Lyu, Gengyu Li, Ke Wang, Zihao Chen, Hao Yang, Zhen Deng, Yongjian College of Computer Science Beijing University of Technology China School of Computer Science and Engineering Southeast University China

ISBN: (纸本)157735897X

Event-based semantic segmentation (ESS) has attracted researchers' attention recently, as event cameras can solve problems such as under/over-exposure or motion blur that are difficult for RGB cameras to handle. However, event data are noisy and sparse, resulting in difficulties for the model to locate and extract reliable cues from their sparse representations, especially when performing pixel-level tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel framework ESEG to alleviate the dilemma. Given that event signals relate closely to moving edges, instead of proposing complex structures to expect them to recognize those reliable edge regions behind event signals on their own, we introduce the explicit edge-semantic supervision as a reference to let the ESS model globally optimize semantics, considering the high confidence of event data in edge regions. In addition, we propose a fusion module named Density-Aware Dynamic-Window Cross Attention Fusion (D2CAF), in which the density perception, cross-attention, and dynamic window masking mechanisms are jointly imposed to optimize edge-dense feature fusion, leveraging the characteristics of event cameras. Experimental results on DSEC and DDD17 datasets demonstrate the efficacy of the ESEG framework and its core designs. Copyright © 2025, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (***). All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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EventLens: Enhancing Visual Commonsense Reasoning by Leveraging Event-Aware Pretraining and Cross-modal Linking

EventLens: Enhancing Visual Commonsense Reasoning by Leverag...

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2025 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, ICASSP 2025

作者： Ma, Mingjie Yu, Zhihuan Ma, Yichao Li, Guohui Yang, Zhong School of Computer Science and Technology Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China School of Software Engineering Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350368741

Visual Commonsense Reasoning (VCR) is a cognitive task, challenging models to answer visual questions, and to explain the rationale behind their answers. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer potential for this task, VCR's complex scenes require specialized approaches to activate their commonsense reasoning abilities, as existing Multimodal LLMs struggle with VCR's visual events and unique reference tags. To address these challenges, we propose EventLens, which enhances VCR through Event-Aware Pretraining and Cross-modal Linking in Supervised Fine-tuning. First, we introduce a new pretraining stage that emulates human cognitive processes to improve LLM comprehension of complex scenarios. Second, during supervised fine-tuning, we leverage reference tags to explicitly bridge RoI features with text, maintaining semantic integrity across modalities. Additionally, instruct prompts and task-specific adapters help integrate LLMs' knowledge with new commonsense reasoning. Experimental results demonstrate competitive performance with state-of-the-art methods and ablation studies verify the effectiveness of proposed EventLens. © 2025 IEEE.

关键词： Multimedia Understanding Pretrained Language Models Visual Commonsense Reasoning

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