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Detecting Inaudible Voice Commands via Acoustic Attenuation by Multi-channel Microphones

IEEE Transactions on Dependable and Secure Computing 2024年 1-17页

作者： Ji, Xiaoyu Zhang, Guoming Li, Xinfeng Qu, Gang Cheng, Xiuzhen Xu, Wenyuan Electrical Engineering of Zhejiang University Hangzhou China School of Computer Science and Technology of Shandong University Qingdao China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Maryland College Park MD USA

DolphinAttacks (i.e., inaudible voice commands) modulate audible voices over ultrasounds to inject malicious commands silently into voice assistants and manipulate controlled systems (e.g., doors or smart speakers). Eliminating DolphinAttacks is challenging if ever possible since it requires to modify the microphone hardware. In this paper, we design EarArray, a lightweight method that can not only detect such attacks but also identify the direction of attackers without requiring any extra hardware or hardware modification. Essentially, inaudible voice commands are modulated on ultrasounds that inherently attenuate faster than the one of audible sounds. By inspecting the command sound signals via the built-in multiple microphones on smart devices, EarArray is able to estimate the attenuation rate and thus detect the attacks. We propose a model of the propagation of audible sounds and ultrasounds from the sound source to a voice assistant, e.g., a smart speaker, and illustrate the underlying principle and its feasibility. We implemented EarArray using two specially-designed microphone arrays and our experiments show that EarArray can detect inaudible voice commands with an accuracy of above 99% and recognize the direction of the attackers with an accuracy of 97.89% and can also detect the laser-based attack with an accuracy of 100%. IEEE

关键词： Microphones

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Exploring dark matter-gauge boson effective interactions at current and future colliders

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第6期48卷 58-68页

作者：张宇黄祎伟张伟涛宋昴丁然 Institutes of Physical Science and Information Technology Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China School of Physics Hefei University of TechnologyHefei 230601China School of Physics and Optoelectronics Engineering Anhui UniversityHefei 230601China

In this study,we systematically investigate collider constraints on effective interactions between Dark Matter(DM)particles and electroweak gauge *** consider the simplified models in which scalar or Dirac fermion DM candidates couple only to electro weak gauge bosons through high dimensional effective *** the induced DM-quarks and DM-gluons operators from the Renormalization Group Evolution(RGE)running effect,we present comprehensive constraints on the effective energy scaleΛand Wilson coefficients CB(Λ),CW(Λ)from direct detection,indirect detection,and collider *** particular,we present the corresponding sensitivity from the Large Hadron Electron Collider(LHeC)and Future Circular Collider in the electronproton mode(FCC-ep)for the first time,update the mono-j and mono-γsearch limits at the Large Hadron Collider(LHC),and derive the new limits at the Circular Electron Positron Collider(CEPC).

关键词： dark matter effective field theory LHC CEPC LHeC FCC-ep

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Semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble for ship target discrimination in synthetic aperture radar images

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Acta Oceanologica Sinica 2022年第7期41卷 180-192页

作者： Yongxu Li Xudong Lai Mingwei Wang School of Remote Sensing and Information Engineering Wuhan UniversityWuhan430079China School of Computer Science Hubei University of TechnologyWuhan430068China

Ship detection using synthetic aperture radar(SAR)plays an important role in marine *** existing methods are capable of quickly obtaining many candidate targets,but numerous non-ship objects may be wrongly detected in complex *** non-ship false alarms can be excluded by training discriminators,and the desired accuracy is obtained with enough verified ***,the reliable verification of targets in large-scene SAR images still inevitably requires manual interpretation,which is difficult and time *** address this issue,a semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble ship target discrimination method based on a tri-training scheme is proposed to take advantage of the plentiful candidate ***,various features commonly used in SAR image target discrimination are extracted,and several acknowledged classification models and their classic variants are *** discriminators are constructed by dividing these features into different groups and pairing them with each ***,the performance of all the discriminators is tested,and better discriminators are selected for implementing the semisupervised training *** strategies enhance the diversity and reliability of the discriminators,and their heterogeneous ensemble makes more correct judgments on candidate targets,which facilitates further positive *** results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms traditional tritraining.

关键词： synthetic aperture radar ship target discrimination non-ship false alarms semisupervised heterogeneous ensemble

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Symmetrization of quasi-regular patterns with periodic tilting of regular polygons

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Computational Visual Media 2024年第3期10卷 559-576页

作者： Zhengzheng Yin Yao Jin Zhijian Fang Yun Zhang Huaxiong Zhang Jiu Zhou Lili He School of Computer Science and Technology Zhejiang Sci-Tech UniversityHangzhou 310018China Zhejiang Provincial Innovation Center of Advanced Textile Technology Shaoxing 312000China School of Media Engineering Communication University of ZhejiangHangzhou 310018China

computer-generated aesthetic patterns arewidely used as design materials in various fields. Themost common methods use fractals or dynamicalsystems as basic tools to create various patterns. Toenhance aesthetics and controllability, some researchershave introduced symmetric layouts along with thesetools. One popular strategy employs dynamical systemscompatible with symmetries that construct functionswith the desired symmetries. However, these aretypically confined to simple planar symmetries. Theother generates symmetrical patterns under theconstraints of tilings. Although it is slightly moreﬂexible, it is restricted to small ranges of tilingsand lacks textural variations. Thus, we proposed anew approach for generating aesthetic patterns bysymmetrizing quasi-regular patterns using general kuniformtilings. We adopted a unified strategy toconstruct invariant mappings for k-uniform tilings thatcan eliminate texture seams across the tiling ***, we constructed three types of symmetriesassociated with the patterns: dihedral, rotational, andreﬂection symmetries. The proposed method can beeasily implemented using GPU shaders and is highlyefficient and suitable for complicated tiling with regularpolygons. Experiments demonstrated the advantages of our method over state-of-the-art methods in terms ofﬂexibility in controlling the generation of patterns withvarious parameters as well as the diversity of texturesand styles.

关键词： quasi-regular patterns(QRP) k-uniform tilings invariant mappings symmetry aesthetic patterns

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A Faster Heuristic Scheduling Search for Robotic Cellular Manufacturing Systems with Generalized and Timed Petri Nets

A Faster Heuristic Scheduling Search for Robotic Cellular Ma...

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2024 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, SMC 2024

作者： Xiao, YuanZheng Wu, HaoRan Gao, YangQing Huang, Bo School of Computer Science and Engineering Nanjing University of Science and Technology Nanjing210094 China

ISBN: (纸本)9781665410205

The design of the heuristic function in Petri-net-based A* search significantly impacts the efficiency and result quality of scheduling robotic cellular manufacturing (RCM) systems. Previous work in such designs lacks consideration of some key features such as token remaining time, alternative routes, weighted arcs, multiple resource copies, and batch-processing ability. This paper proposes a novel admissible heuristic function tailored to address these challenges. It is designed from the perspective of maximal time usage of each part token. In addition, it is admissible, which guarantees that its obtained schedules are optimal. Most importantly, it is highly informative, enabling efficient scheduling of generalized Petri nets (PNs) of RCM systems. Experimental simulations on benchmark PN models demonstrate the efficacy and efficiency of our method. Codes are available at https://***/PNOptimizer/NewHDesign. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Cellular manufacturing

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ArchSentry: Enhanced Android Malware Detection via Hierarchical Semantic Extraction

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IEEE Transactions on Network and Service Management 2025年第3期22卷 2822-2837页

作者： Wang, Tianbo Liu, Mengyao Li, Huacheng Zhao, Lei Jiang, Changnan Xia, Chunhe Cui, Baojiang Beihang University School of Cyber Science and Technology Beijing100191 China Beihang University School of Computer Science and Engineering Beijing100191 China Wuhan University School of Cyber Science and Engineering Wuhan430072 China Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications School of Cyberspace Security Beijing100876 China

Android malware poses a significant challenge for mobile platforms. To evade detection, contemporary malware variants use API substitution or obfuscation techniques to hide malicious activities and mask their shallow semantic characteristics. However, existing research lacks analysis of the hierarchical semantic associated with Android apps. To address this problem, we propose ArchSentry, an enhanced Android malware detection via hierarchical semantic extraction. First, we select entities and their relationships relevant to Android software behavior through the software architecture and represent them using a heterogeneous graph. Then, we structure meta-paths to represent rich semantic information to achieve semantic enhancement and improve efficiency. Next, we design a meta-path semantic selection method based on KL Divergence to identify and eliminate redundant features. To achieve a comprehensive representation of the overall software semantics and improve performance, we construct a feature fusion approach based on Restricted Boltzmann Machines (RBM) and AutoEncoder (AE) during the pre-training phase, while preserving the probability distribution characteristics of various meta-paths. Finally, Deep Neural Networks (DNN) process fusion features for comprehensive feature sets. Experimental results on real-world application samples indicate that ArchSentry achieves a remarkable 99.2% detection rate for Android malware, with a low false positive rate below 1%. These results surpass the performance of current state-of-the-art approaches. © 2004-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Android malware

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Wearable and interactive multicolored photochromic fiber display

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Light(science & Applications) 2024年第3期13卷 454-465页

作者： Pan Li Yuwei Wang Xiaoxian He Yuyang Cui Jingyu Ouyang Ju Ouyang Zicheng He Jiayu Hu Xiaojuan Liu Hang Wei Yu Wang Xiaoling Lu Qian Ji Xinyuan Cai Li Liu Chong Hou Ning Zhou Shaowu Pan Xiangru Wang Huamin Zhou Cheng-Wei Qiu Yan-Qing Lu Guangming Tao State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die&Mould Technology School of Materials Science and Engineering and Wuhan National Laboratory for OptoelectronicsHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging(HUST) Ministry of EducationWuhan 430030China School of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 611731China Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering National University of SingaporeSingapore 117583Singapore National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures Key Laboratory of Intelligent Optical Sensing and ManipulationCollege of Engineering and Applied Sciencesand Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced MicrostructuresNanjing UniversityNanjing 210023China School of Performing Arts Wuhan Conservatory of MusicWuhan 430060China School of Mechanical Science and Engineering Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Architecture and Urban Planning Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China School of Fashion Beijing Institute of Fashion TechnologyBeijing 100029China School of Optical and Electronic Information Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials College of Materials Science and EngineeringDonghua UniversityShanghai 201620China

Endowing flexible and adaptable fiber devices with light-emitting capabilities has the potential to revolutionize the current design philosophy of intelligent,wearable interactive ***,significant challenges remain in developing fiber devices when it comes to achieving uniform and customizable light effects while utilizing lightweight ***,we introduce a mass-produced,wearable,and interactive photochromic fiber that provides uniform multicolored light *** designed independent waveguides inside the fiber to maintain total internal reflection of light as it traverses the *** impact of excessive light leakage on the overall illuminance can be reduced by utilizing the saturable absorption effect of fluorescent materials to ensure light emission uniformity along the transmission *** addition,we coupled various fluorescent composite materials inside the fiber to achieve artificially controllable spectral radiation of multiple color systems in a single *** prepared fibers on mass-produced kilometer-long using the thermal drawing *** fibers can be directly integrated into daily wearable devices or clothing in various patterns and combined with other signal input components to control and display patterns as *** work provides a new perspective and inspiration to the existing field of fiber display interaction,paving the way for future human–machine integration.

关键词： fiber interactive colored

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Counting Formal Concepts of A Random Formal Context 23

Counting Formal Concepts of A Random Formal Context

引用

23rd International Conference on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, ICMLC 2024

作者： Yang, Lanzhen Tsang, Eric C.C. Zhang, Chengling Wu, Jiaming School of Computer Science and Engineering Macau University of Science and Technology Taipa China College of Mathematics and Information Sciences Hebei University Baoding071002 China

ISBN: (纸本)9798331528041

It is well-known that counting formal concepts in a formal context is a challenging #P-complete problem. To determine the expected number of formal concepts in a formal context, we consider a random formal context, where each attribute occurs with a certain probability. Utilizing mathematical expectation, we derive both the lower and upper bounds for the superpolynomial representation of the expected number of formal concepts, with the upper bound in superpolynomial form being presented for the first time. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Expected number of concepts Formal concept Lower bound Random formal context Upper bound

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Blockchain-based continuous data integrity checking protocol with zero-knowledge privacy protection

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Digital Communications and Networks 2022年第5期8卷 604-613页

作者： Yiting Huang Yong Yua Huilin Li Yannan Li Aikui Tian School of Computer Science Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an710062China School of Cyber Science and Technology Beihang UniversityBeijing100191China School of Computing and Information Technology University of WollongongWollongongNSW2522Australia School of Computer Science and Technology Shandong University of TechnologyZibo255000China

The cloud computing technology has emerged,developed,and matured in recent years,consequently commercializing remote outsourcing storage *** increasing number of companies and individuals have chosen the cloud to store their ***,accidents,such as cloud server downtime,cloud data loss,and accidental deletion,are serious issues for some applications that need to run around the *** some mission and business-critical applications,the continuous availability of outsourcing storage services is also necessary to protect users'outsourced data during ***,ensuring the continuous availability of data in public cloud data integrity auditing protocols leads to data privacy issues because auditors can obtain the data content of users by a sufficient number of storage ***,protecting data privacy is a burning *** addition,existing data integrity auditing schemes that rely on semi-trusted third-party auditors have several security problems,including single points of failure and performance *** deal with these issues,we propose herein a blockchain-based continuous data integrity checking protocol with zero-knowledge privacy *** realize a concrete construction by using a verifiable delay function with high efficiency and proof of retrievability,and prove the security of the proposal in a random oracle *** proposed construction supports dynamic updates for the outsourced *** also design smart contracts to ensure fairness among the parties ***,we implement the protocols,and the experimental results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed protocol.

关键词： Continuous availability Verifiable delay function Zero-knowledge privacy Blockchain

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A Lightweight Leaf Disease Recognition Model for MobileNetV2 Based on Transfer Learning and Knowledge Distillation 6

A Lightweight Leaf Disease Recognition Model for MobileNetV2...

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6th International Conference on Communications, information System and computer engineering, CISCE 2024

作者： Wang, Sihao Miao, Zhexuan Cao, Youzhong School of Computer and Information Engineering Hubei University Hubei Province Wuhan China School of Information Science and Engineering East China University of Science and Technology Shanghai China School of Accounting Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Jiangxi Province Nanchang China

ISBN: (纸本)9798350353174

Accurate identification of plant diseases is critical for the sustainability and efficiency of agricultural production. Traditional image recognition models have limitations in fine-grained disease feature extraction, which may affect the accuracy and usefulness of recognition. To address this issue, this paper presents a MobileNetV2 model optimized by knowledge distillation techniques that significantly improves plant disease recognition on mobile devices. By using a lightweight but efficient student model and combining it with a transfer learning technique, we successfully approach the performance of the complex teacher model DenseNet201, achieving high accuracy and utility of the model. The model is particularly suitable for resource-constrained devices such as mobile and embedded systems. © 2024 IEEE.

关键词： Transfer learning

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