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Cryptography with optimal deep learning-based authentication scheme for preserving anonymity in telecare medical information system

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第10期84卷 8311-8330页

作者： Sheik, Syed Amma Durai, Saleem School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu India

The Telecare Medicine Information System (TMIS) revolutionizes healthcare delivery by integrating medical equipment and sensors, facilitating proactive and cost-effective services. Accessible online, TMIS empowers patients and practitioners to manage medical data efficiently, ensuring timely care provision and streamlined record maintenance. Recognizing security challenges inherent in this interconnected healthcare landscape, researchers have devised a two-factor authentication solution, increasingly leveraging password-based authentication via smart cards. This article presents the development of a tailored remote authentication system, the Deep Learning-Based Online Threat Detection with Key Agreement (DLOTDKA-MAP), designed specifically for TMIS. Comprising two critical phases, the DLOTDKA-MAP framework employs an Arithmetic Optimization Algorithm (AOA) and Deep Belief Network (DBN) model in real-time online threat detection, ensuring swift identification and mitigation of potential security threats. The subsequent phase employs Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) with Schnorr's signature to establish secure data transmission among collaborating entities, preemptively addressing security breaches and ensuring mutual authentication. A comprehensive experimental study validates the presented DLOTDKA-MAP technique, showcasing its superiority over existing approaches and underscoring its role in advancing TMIS security infrastructure. Achieving remarkable performance values, includes an accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score of 98.57%, this research significantly contributes to safeguarding the confidentiality and integrity of medical data within TMIS, particularly in a federated cloud environment. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Authentication

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Vision-Text Bidirectional Collaborative Image Captioning Algorithm

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第2期52卷 515-523页

作者： Li, Mei-Qi Zhou, Zi-Wei School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China

Image captioning is an interdisciplinary research hotspot at the intersection of computer vision and natural language processing, representing a multimodal task that integrates core technologies from both fields. This task requires the use of computer vision techniques to analyze and extract key visual features from images, followed by the application of natural language processing techniques to generate descriptive text that is syntactically and semantically aligned with human cognition. This process poses a significant challenge for computers. Existing models mostly ignore the relative positional information of visual objects and struggle to efficiently capture the complex relationships between visual and textual data. To address these challenges, we propose a vision-to-text bidirectional collaborative image captioning method. This approach extracts both visual features and positional information of objects, allowing the model to better understand the spatial relationships between objects. The CEW word embedding approach encodes textual information more profoundly, enhancing semantic expression and contextual understanding. In the decoding phase, a bidirectional cross-attention mechanism strengthens the interaction between vision and text, leading to improved accuracy in image understanding. The model is trained and tested on the MSCOCO 2014 dataset and compared with several popular models. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves significant improvements on the CIDEr and BLEU-1 evaluation metrics with an increase of 1.5 and 1.1, respectively. In addition, we conduct ablation experiments, quantitative analysis, and qualitative analysis to comprehensively validate the effectiveness and stability of the proposed algorithm. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Embeddings

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BMFNet: Bidirectional Multimodal Fusion Network for image captioning

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Multimedia Systems 2025年第3期31卷 1-13页

作者： Xue, Lixia Jin, ZiQian Wang, Ronggui Yang, Juan School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China

Image captioning is a multimodal task that involves both computer vision and natural language processing. In recent years, to address the issue of insufficient visual information, multiple features are often used. However, existing image description methods based on the encoder–decoder framework fail to achieve effective interaction and fusion of different modality features. In this paper, we propose a Bidirectional Multimodal Fusion Network (BMFNet) for image captioning, which provides deep interaction and fusion of multiple features throughout the encoding and decoding process. BMFNet first enhances grid features and region features at the channel level, then incorporates an effective bidirectional channel-level multimodal feature fusion module (CMFF) in the encoder. This module effectively compensates for differences between features and integrates their respective advantages. In the decoder, we introduce a cross-attention mechanism that adopts a dual-path information flow architecture for image caption generation. This design enables multi-stage interaction and progressive fusion between visual and semantic features, which significantly enhances the model’s cross-modal reasoning capability. Qualitative and quantitative experiments conducted on the MSCOCO dataset show that, compared to traditional methods using dual features, our model improves the CIDEr score by 2.8% on the Karpathy test split, achieving a score of 136.6 CIDEr. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2025.

关键词： Image coding

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Efficient breast cancer detection using neural networks and explainable artificial intelligence

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Neural Computing and Applications 2025年第5期37卷 3759-3776页

作者： Murugan, Tamilarasi Kathirvel Karthikeyan, Pritikaa Sekar, Pavithra School of Computer Science Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Chennai India

The growing dependence on deep learning models for medical diagnosis underscores the critical need for robust interpretability and transparency to instill trust and ensure responsible usage. This study investigates the efficacy of various explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) techniques in comprehending deep learning models utilized for breast cancer classification from down sampled histopathology images. A comparative assessment of multiple convolutional neural network (CNN) architectures, encompassing standard CNNs, ResNet, VGG-16, and VGG-19, on down sampled images was conducted. The primary goal is to pinpoint the model exhibiting the highest accuracy and subsequently employ three prominent XAI methods—LIME, SHAP, and Saliency Maps—to get insights into the top-performing model. This study identifies VGG-19 as the best-performing model with an accuracy of 92.59% and demonstrates that among various XAI techniques, LIME provides the most accurate and clinically relevant explanations for breast cancer classification from down sampled histopathology images. These findings, validated by medical professionals, enhance the interpretability and reliability of deep learning models in clinical settings, promoting their responsible integration into healthcare practices. This validation was further corroborated through consultation with medical professionals, including doctors specializing in breast cancer diagnosis. This research endeavors to deepen the understanding of the model’s rationale and instill confidence in its outputs. The outcomes of this study hold significant promise in elevating the interpretability and reliability of deep learning models tailored for breast cancer diagnosis, thus facilitating their responsible integration into clinical settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Convolutional neural networks

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Implementation for Lightweight Deep Learning for Anomaly Detection and Denoising on Gravitational Waves

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 72442-72455页

作者： Mohith Niranjen, R.K. Yogesh, C. Vinodh, Anirudh Sureshkumar, Tharun Vatchala, S. Vellore Institute of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Chennai600127 India

As gravitational wave astronomy has advanced, the need for effective and quick signal processing has never been more critical. New detectors such as Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO) produces huge volumes of data, which poses a significant challenge to identify genuine astrophysical events amidst transient noise. With this in view, this study proposes a new, efficient deep-learning architecture designed to process gravitational wave signals. Motivated by the WaveNet model, our method uses dilated convolutions to precisely model long-term dependencies in the data ensuring that subtle characteristics are captured. In addition, higher-order recurrent layers like Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM) networks are also used to precisely model temporal characteristics so that accuracy is preserved with enhanced anomaly detection and noise removal. Our experimental validation shows that this method has achieved a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of 0.00228, a Residual Signal Ratio (RSR) of 0.08798, a Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) of 33.34 dB, and an average volume error of 0.03965. These performance metrics show the framework’s ability to operate in real time with minimal computational overhead is a key requirement given the massive datasets involved in gravitational wave science. Also, by an explicit consideration of initial and boundary conditions, our scheme exhibits not only stability for the current missions but also scalability for future detection missions, like Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA), allowing these missions to enhance their sensitivity and reliability. Our study demonstrates the development of state-of-the-art deep learning methods to surmount the specific obstacles concerning gravitational wave detection, paving the way for real-time processing of astrophysical data and an improved understanding of the Universe. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Mean square error

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A Dangerous Driving Behavior Detection Method Based on Improved YOLOv8s

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engineering Letters 2025年第3期33卷 721-731页

作者： Zhou, Tong Zhang, Xiaoxia Chen, Huilong School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology LiaoNing Anshan114051 China

Detecting dangerous driving behavior is a critical research area focused on identifying and preventing actions that could lead to traffic accidents, such as smoking, drinking, yawning, and drowsiness, through technical methods. Advanced computer vision and machine learning technologies enable efficient detection models to monitor and analyze driver behavior, improving road safety. Due to challenges posed by complex environments, this paper introduces an enhanced detection algorithm, YOLOv8s-CDS, to improve the identification of dangerous driving behaviors. First, the ConvNeXt V2 module is integrated with the C2f module to form C2fNeb2, optimizing feature extraction for behaviors like smoking or phone use. Second, the DASI (Dimension-Aware Selective Integration) module enhances detection accuracy through multi-scale fusion and dimension perception. Additionally, the SCConv module replaces the Conv module in the Bottleneck, forming C2fSCConv, which reduces spatial redundancy and improves detection efficiency.A comprehensive experimental analysis of dangerous driving image datasets demonstrates that the mean average precision (mAP) of the YOLOv8s-CDS algorithm is 91.20%, which is 2.4% higher than that of the YOLOv8s algorithm. Compared to other object detection algorithms, such as Faster R-CNN, YOLOv5s, YOLOv7s, YOLOX and YOLOv8, YOLOv8s-CDS demonstrates greater practicality in detecting dangerous driving behaviors, contributing to a reduction in traffic accidents and enhancing the safety of life and property. © 2025, International Association of Engineers. All rights reserved.

关键词： Highway accidents

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The Improved Unet Semantic Segmentation Network for Remote Sensing Images

IAENG International Journal of Computer Science

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IAENG International Journal of computer science 2025年第4期52卷 1187-1195页

作者： Zhu, Hang Zhao, Ji School of Computer Science and Software Engineering University of Science and Technology Liaoning Anshan114051 China

With the development of artificial intelligence, deep learning has been increasingly used to achieve automatic detection of geographic information, replacing manual interpretation and improving efficiency. However, remote sensing images themselves have the issue of slight inter-class variance and significant intra-class variance, making it challenging to extract valuable information. Additionally, the increasing resolution and size of remote sensing images in recent years have introduced more complexity in the types of information, further increasing the difficulty of extracting valuable data. This paper proposes an improved Unet semantic segmentation network (referred to as RAUnet). First, in the encoder, continuous convolutional blocks are enhanced to extract features. At the same time, the EMAM multi-scale attention module is employed for cross-channel learning, capturing information from different feature channels of the target and using the surrounding feature information to assist in distinguishing target information. To capture multi-directional long-range dependencies, the Lo2 module is used for long-range modeling, which captures not only local contextual information but also long-range dependencies. In the decoder, a Dysample upsampling module is used to restore feature details, and in the skip connection layer, features are added for feature fusion. Experimental results show that compared to mainstream models, the proposed method achieves superior segmentation results on the Potsdam and Vihingen datasets. © (2025), (International Association of Engineers). All rights reserved.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Dynamic Chaotic Encryption Using Bit Division Multiplexing and Geometric Shaping

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IEEE Photonics technology Letters 2025年第12期37卷 647-650页

作者： Lei, Yi Ding, Yinchen Yin, Xuran Chen, Bin Guo, Zhongyi Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering China

Optical wireless communication (OWC) techniques offer ultra-broad spectrum to mitigate the bandwidth-hungry in radio frequency for wireless connections. However, security risk is a critical issue that should receive significant attention. In this Letter, a dynamic chaotic encryption scheme is proposed for OWC systems to improve physical-layer security. In this scheme, the dynamic key is generated from the transmitted information, which is used to intercept the static chaotic sequence to encrypt the information at the two levels: bit and symbol. Further, bit division multiplexing in combination with geometric shaping is proposed to co-transmit the encrypted information and dynamic key, where the optimization objective is to minimize the bit-error ratio of the decrypted information. The effectiveness of the proposed dynamic chaotic encryption scheme is demonstrated via a 64-point constellation transmission, where each symbol carries 2-bit dynamic key and 4-bit encrypted information for transmission. © 2025 IEEE. All rights reserved.

关键词： Optical communication

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Privacy-preserving recommendation with coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第4期68卷 66-81页

作者： Lei CHEN Chen GAO Jiahuan LEI Xiaoyi DU Xinlei SHI Hengliang LUO Depeng JIN Yong LI Meng WANG Department of Electronic Engineering BNRist Tsinghua University Meituan Inc. School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology

The behavior of users on online life service platforms like Meituan and Yelp often occurs within specific finegrained spatiotemporal contexts(i.e., when and where). Recommender systems, designed to serve millions of users, typically operate in a fully server-based manner, requiring on-device users to upload their behavioral data, including fine-grained spatiotemporal contexts, to the server, which has sparked public concern regarding privacy. Consequently, user devices only upload coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts for user privacy protection. However, previous research mostly focuses on modeling fine-grained spatiotemporal contexts using knowledge graph convolutional models, which are not applicable to coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts in privacy-constrained recommender systems. In this paper, we investigate privacy-preserving recommendation by leveraging coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts. We propose the coarse-grained spatiotemporal knowledge graph for privacy-preserving recommendation(CSKG), which explicitly models spatiotemporal co-occurrences using common-sense knowledge from coarse-grained contexts. Specifically, we begin by constructing a spatiotemporal knowledge graph tailored to coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts. Then we employ a learnable metagraph network that integrates common-sense information to filter and extract co-occurrences. CSKG evaluates the impact of coarsegrained spatiotemporal contexts on user behavior through the use of a knowledge graph convolutional network. Finally, we introduce joint learning to effectively learn representations. By conducting experiments on two real large-scale datasets,we achieve an average improvement of about 11.0% on two ranking metrics. The results clearly demonstrate that CSKG outperforms state-of-the-art baselines.

关键词： privacy-preserveing coarse-grained spatiotemporal contexts recommender systems

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Code context-based reviewer recommendation

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Frontiers of computer science 2025年第1期19卷 97-108页

作者： Dawei YUAN Xiao PENG Zijie CHEN Tao ZHANG Ruijia LEI School of Computer Science and Engineering Macao University of Science and TechnologyMacao 999078China Faculty of Science University of AmsterdamAmsterdam WB 1018Netherlands

Code review is a critical process in software development, contributing to the overall quality of the product by identifying errors early. A key aspect of this process is the selection of appropriate reviewers to scrutinize changes made to source code. However, in large-scale open-source projects, selecting the most suitable reviewers for a specific change can be a challenging task. To address this, we introduce the Code Context Based Reviewer Recommendation (CCB-RR), a model that leverages information from changesets to recommend the most suitable reviewers. The model takes into consideration the paths of modified files and the context derived from the changesets, including their titles and descriptions. Additionally, CCB-RR employs KeyBERT to extract the most relevant keywords and compare the semantic similarity across changesets. The model integrates the paths of modified files, keyword information, and the context of code changes to form a comprehensive picture of the changeset. We conducted extensive experiments on four open-source projects, demonstrating the effectiveness of CCB-RR. The model achieved a Top-1 accuracy of 60%, 55%, 51%, and 45% on the Android, OpenStack, QT, and LibreOffice projects respectively. For Mean Reciprocal Rank (MRR), CCB achieved 71%, 62%, 52%, and 68% on the same projects respectively, thereby highlighting its potential for practical application in code reviewer recommendation.

关键词： code reviewer recommendation code context pull request

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