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A Lightweight Feature Enhancement Model for Infrared Small Target Detection

IEEE Sensors Journal 2025年第9期25卷 15224-15234页

作者： Cheng, Kuanhong Ma, Teng Fei, Rong Li, Junhuai Xi’an University of Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Shaanxi Xi’an710048 China

Infrared small target detection (IRSTD) is a critical yet challenging task due to low target-background contrast, minimal target texture, and high noise levels. While data-driven methods have significantly advanced performance, persistent challenges remain. Traditional pooling schemes in multiscale networks often sacrifice crucial details necessary for detecting small targets, and existing attention mechanisms struggle to balance performance with computational efficiency. To address these challenges, we propose the hybrid feature mining network (HFMNet), a lightweight and efficient model designed to enhance feature representation for IRSTD. First, to reduce detailed loss caused by conventional pooling—which can amplify noise (e.g., max pooling) or suppress contrast (e.g., average pooling)—we introduce the cross-pooling shallow enhancement module (CSEM). By integrating diverse pooling strategies across parallel shallow streams, CSEM preserves fine details, improves localization, and prevents target loss in deeper layers. Second, for efficient local-global context modeling, we propose the hybrid feature mining module (HFMM). This module combines local and global attention by decomposing large 2-D convolutions into coupled 1-D convolutions and incorporating dilated convolutions, broadening the receptive field while reducing complexity. Coupled with the vision state-space module (VSSM) for global context modeling, HFMM effectively integrates local and global information to enhance detection performance. The effectiveness of our HFMNet has been evaluated on four benchmark datasets. In comparison to other state-of-the-art (SOTA) methods, the Pd reaches 92.52% on the IRSTD-1K dataset and 99.08% on the NUAA-SIRST dataset, with only 6.09M parameters, making it a promising lightweight solution for IRSTD applications. © 2001-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Benchmarking

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Analysis of IoT Applications in Highly Precise Agriculture Farming

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Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第2期19卷 71-81页

作者： Reddy N, Latha Masila P, Gopinath School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamilnadu Vellore632014 India

Background: The IoT (Internet of Things) assigns to the capacity of Device-to-Machine (D2M) connections, which is a vital component in the development of the digital economy. IoT integration with a human being enables real-time decision-making in communication, collaboration, and technology analytics. Furthermore, environmental factors impacting plants, such as air humidity, temperature, air quality index, and soil wetness, are not frequently documented, emphasizing the development of a data monitoring system for future agricultural research and development. Methods: An IoT-based Intelligent Farming System is proposed. An innovative IoT-based intelligent farming system is developed that integrates real-time data monitoring, machine learning algorithms, and IoT technology to address the identified gaps and challenges. Results: In the face of climate change, extreme weather, and environmental constraints, increased food demand must be satisfied. Intelligent agriculture enabled by IoT technology can reduce waste and increase productivity for producers and farmers, from fertilizer use to tractor trips. Conclusion: In conclusion, this patent paper provides insightful and informative commentary on the progress made in technology within the agriculture industry and the challenges that still need to be overcome to achieve optimal outcomes. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： IoT agriculture soil quality weather conditions machine learning environmental constraints

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Gloss-driven Conditional Diffusion Models for Sign Language Production

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ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications 2025年第4期21卷 1-17页

作者： Tang, Shengeng Xue, Feng Wu, Jingjing Wang, Shuo Hong, Richang School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei University of Technology Hefei China School of Software Hefei University of Technology Hefei China School of Data Science School of Information Science and Technology University of Science and Technology of China Hefei China

Sign Language Production (SLP) aims to convert text or audio sentences into sign language videos corresponding to their semantics, which is challenging due to the diversity and complexity of sign languages, and cross-modal semantic mapping issues. In this work, we propose a Gloss-driven Conditional Diffusion Model (GCDM) for SLP. The core of the GCDM is a diffusion model architecture, in which the sign gloss sequence is encoded by a Transformer-based encoder and input into the diffusion model as a semantic prior condition. In the process of sign pose generation, the textual semantic priors carried in the encoded gloss features are integrated into the embedded Gaussian noise via cross-attention. Subsequently, the model converts the fused features into sign language pose sequences through T-round denoising steps. During the training process, the model uses the ground-truth labels of sign poses as the starting point, generates Gaussian noise through T rounds of noise, and then performs T rounds of denoising to approximate the real sign language gestures. The entire process is constrained by the MAE loss function to ensure that the generated sign language gestures are as close as possible to the real labels. In the inference phase, the model directly randomly samples a set of Gaussian noise, generates multiple sign language gesture sequence hypotheses under the guidance of the gloss sequence, and outputs a high-confidence sign language gesture video by averaging multiple hypotheses. Experimental results on the Phoenix2014T dataset show that the proposed GCDM method achieves competitiveness in both quantitative performance and qualitative visualization. © 2025 Copyright held by the owner/author(s). Publication rights licensed to ACM.

关键词： Forming

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IoT based Predictive Modeling Techniques for Cancer Detection in Healthcare Systems

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Recent Patents on engineering 2025年第2期19卷 82-94页

作者： Ramya, T. Gopinath, M.P. School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Tamil Nadu Vellore India

Background: The main objective of the Internet of Things (IoT) has significantly influenced and altered technology, such as interconnection, interoperability, and sensor devices. To ensure seamless healthcare facilities, it's essential to use the benefits of ubiquitous IoT services to assist patients by monitoring vital signs and automating functions. In healthcare, the current state-of-the-art equipment cannot detect many cancers early, and almost all humans have lost their lives due to this lethal sickness. Hence, early diagnosis of cancer is a significant difficulty for medical experts and researchers. Methods: The method for identifying cancer, together with machine learning and IoT, yield reliable results. In the Proposed model FCM system, the SVM methodology is reviewed to classify either benign or malignant disease. In addition, we applied a recursive feature selection to identify characteristics from the cancer dataset to boost the classifier system's capabilities. Results: This method is being applied in conjunction with fuzzy cluster-based augmentation, and classification can employ continuous monitoring to forecast lung cancer to improve patient care. In the process of effective image segmentation, the fuzzy-clustering methodology is implemented, which is used for the goal of obtaining transition region data. Conclusion: The Otsu thresholding method is applied to help recover the transition region from a lung cancer image. Furthermore, morphological thinning on the right edge and the segmentation-improving pictures are employed to increase segmentation performance. In future work, we intend to design a prototype to ensure real-time analysis to provide enhanced results. Thus, this work may open doors to carry patent-based outcomes. © 2025 Bentham science Publishers.

关键词： Lung cancer

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HGTFM: Hierarchical Gating-Driven Transformer Fusion Model for Robust Multimodal Sentiment Analysis

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IEEE Access 2025年 13卷 74430-74445页

作者： Yang, Chengcheng Liang, Zhiyao Yan, Dashun Hu, Zeng Wu, Ting Macau University of Science and Technology School of Computer Science and Engineering Avenida Wai Long Taipa China Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering School of Information Science and Technology Guangzhou510550 China

In multimodal sentiment analysis, a significant challenge lies in quantifying the contribution of each modality and achieving effective modality fusion. This paper presents a Hierarchical Gating-Driven Transformer Fusion Model (HGTFM), which effectively achieves multimodal data fusion through an advanced transformer architecture and a Hierarchical Gated Fusion Module (HGFM). The model first encodes audio and video features using LSTM and CNN, respectively, while employing BERT to encode text features. This approach effectively enhances the model ability to manage long-range temporal dependencies. Furthermore, the model introduces HGFM, which dynamically integrates multimodal features across different levels after processing by the modality interaction network (MIN), thus intelligently adjusting the contribution weights of each modality. In particular, the model incorporates a Unimodal Label Generation Module (ULGM), which considers the differences between the modalities. This enables HGFM to more accurately identify the contributions of samples with significant modal variations, thus optimizing the module potential. The experimental results on several established benchmark datasets demonstrate that HGTFM achieves comparable performance improvements in multimodal sentiment analysis tasks. © 2013 IEEE.

关键词： Sentiment analysis Transformers Analytical models Data models Adaptation models Tensors Accuracy Noise measurement Training Robustness

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The Security of Using Large Language Models:A Survey With Emphasis on ChatGPT

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IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica 2025年第1期12卷 1-26页

作者： Wei Zhou Xiaogang Zhu Qing-Long Han Lin Li Xiao Chen Sheng Wen Yang Xiang the School of Science Computing and Engineering Technologies Swinburne University of Technology IEEE the School of Computer and Mathematical Sciences the University of Adelaide Adelaide the Faculty of Science and Engineering Southern Cross University the School of Information and Physical Sciences the University of Newcastle

ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence(AI)language model that has demonstrated significant improvements in various natural language processing(NLP) tasks. However, like any technology, it presents potential security risks that need to be carefully evaluated and addressed. In this survey, we provide an overview of the current state of research on security of using ChatGPT, with aspects of bias, disinformation, ethics, misuse,attacks and privacy. We review and discuss the literature on these topics and highlight open research questions and future *** this survey, we aim to contribute to the academic discourse on AI security, enriching the understanding of potential risks and mitigations. We anticipate that this survey will be valuable for various stakeholders involved in AI development and usage, including AI researchers, developers, policy makers, and end-users.

关键词： Artificial intelligence (AI) ChatGPT large language models (LLMs) security

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Domain generalization with semi-supervised learning for people-centric activity recognition

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science China(Information sciences) 2025年第1期68卷 171-188页

作者： Jing LIU Wei ZHU Di LI Xing HU Liang SONG Academy for Engineering & Technology Fudan University Shanghai East-bund Research Institute on Networking Systems of AI School of Optoelectronic Information and Computer Engineering University of Shanghai for Science & Technology

People-centric activity recognition is one of the most critical technologies in a wide range of real-world applications,including intelligent transportation systems, healthcare services, and brain-computer interfaces. Large-scale data collection and annotation make the application of machine learning algorithms prohibitively expensive when adapting to new tasks. One way of circumventing this limitation is to train the model in a semi-supervised learning manner that utilizes a percentage of unlabeled data to reduce the labeling burden in prediction tasks. Despite their appeal, these models often assume that labeled and unlabeled data come from similar distributions, which leads to the domain shift problem caused by the presence of distribution gaps. To address these limitations, we propose herein a novel method for people-centric activity recognition,called domain generalization with semi-supervised learning(DGSSL), that effectively enhances the representation learning and domain alignment capabilities of a model. We first design a new autoregressive discriminator for adversarial training between unlabeled and labeled source domains, extracting domain-specific features to reduce the distribution gaps. Second, we introduce two reconstruction tasks to capture the task-specific features to avoid losing information related to representation learning while maintaining task-specific consistency. Finally, benefiting from the collaborative optimization of these two tasks, the model can accurately predict both the domain and category labels of the source domains for the classification task. We conduct extensive experiments on three real-world sensing datasets. The experimental results show that DGSSL surpasses the three state-of-the-art methods with better performance and generalization.

关键词： activity recognition deep learning domain generalization semi-supervised learning adversarial training

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Composite spectral spatial pixel CNN for land-use hyperspectral image classification with hybrid activation function

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Multimedia Tools and Applications 2025年第12期84卷 10527-10550页

作者： Banerjee, Anasua Swain, Satyajit Rout, Minakhi Bandyopadhyay, Mainak School of Computer Engineering Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology-Deemed-to-be-University Bhubaneswar India Department of Computer Science and Engineering National Institute of Technology Silchar India

Deep learning methods have played a prominent role in the development of computer visualization in recent years. Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a popular analytical technique based on spectroscopy and visible imaging which examines the pattern of light in a target and recognizes objects based on varying spectral properties. However, in remote sensing, detecting surface material via HSI analysis is a critical and difficult task. The performance of spectral-spatial data exploitation is well established to outperform typical spectral pixel-wise techniques. Because of its great feature extraction ability, convolutional neural networks (CNN) have emerged as a potent deep learning approach. CNN translates the input features of an image into an equivalent CNN feature map, in addition to naturally combining spectral and spatial information. However, spectral-spatial properties when combined with pixel-wise extraction can learn more minute details of objects present on the earth’s terrain. In this paper, a noble Composite Spectral Spatial Pixel CNN model for the classification of hyperspectral data is presented which is an amalgamation of 3D-2D-1D CNN. While the 3D and 2D CNN exploit the spectral-spatial features effectively, 1D CNN works on pixel-wise feature extraction. Further, to optimize the classification performance of the proposed model, a new hybrid activation function Flatten-T Swish is also used which is the combination of ReLU and Swish function. The proposed model is compared with other state-of-the-art models based on three popular HSI datasets, and it is found that the proposed model performs better among others in terms of classification and computation time, giving 98.87% accuracy for Indian Pines, 99.92% accuracy for Pavia University, and 99.99% accuracy for Salinas Valley dataset. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.

关键词： Extraction

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Realizing the potential of Internet of Things (IoT) in Industrial applications

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Discover Internet of Things 2025年第1期5卷 1-16页

作者： Rathi, Bharat Thapaswi, S. Kambhampati, Meghana Jain, Vineet Akshay, P. Pandey, Trilok Nath Pradhan, Sunil Kumar School of Electronics Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India School of Computer Science and Engineering Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai600127 India

The Internet of Things (IoT), which enables seamless connectivity and effective data exchange between physical items and digital systems, has completely changed the way we interact with our surroundings. This study evaluates IoT applications in healthcare, transportation, agriculture, and smart cities, highlighting advancements, opportunities, and challenges. Using a systematic literature review and case study analysis, it identifies essential IoT components, including sensors, communication protocols, data analytics, and security methods. Key findings demonstrate IoT's potential to enhance healthcare through real-time monitoring and cost reduction, optimize transportation systems for resource efficiency, improve agricultural productivity via precision farming, and enable sustainable urban development in smart cities. However, challenges like data privacy, interoperability, and scalability remain critical barriers to widespread adoption. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration among researchers, policymakers, and industry stakeholders to address these challenges and unlock IoT's full potential. It provides actionable insights and future directions for realizing a connected, efficient, and sustainable IoT-driven future. © The Author(s) 2025.

关键词： Precision agriculture

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Summary Graph Induced Invariant Learning for Generalizable Graph Learning

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IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data engineering 2025年第6期37卷 3739-3752页

作者： Ning, Xuecheng Wang, Yujie Yu, Kui Miao, Jiali Cao, Fuyuan Liang, Jiye Hefei University of Technology School of Computer Science and Information Engineering Hefei230002 China Shanxi University School of Computer and Information Technology Taiyuan030006 China

As a promising strategy to achieve generalizable graph learning tasks, graph invariant learning emphasizes identifying invariant subgraphs for stable predictions on biased unknown distribution by selecting the important edges/nodes based on their contributions to the predictive tasks (i.e., subgraph predictivity). However, the existing approaches solely relying on subgraph predictivity face a challenge: the learned invariant subgraph often contains numerous spurious nodes and shows poor connectivity, undermining the generalization power of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). To tackle this issue, we propose a summary graph-induced Invariant Learning (SIL) model that innovatively adopts a summary graph to leverage both the subgraph connectivity and predictivity for learning strong connected and accurate invariant subgraphs. Specifically, SIL first learns a summary graph containing multiple strongly connected supernodes while maintaining structure consistency with the original graph. Second, the learned summary graph is disentangled into an invariant supernode and spurious counterparts to eliminate the interference of highly predictive edges and nodes. Finally, SIL identifies a potential invariant subgraph from the invariant supernode to accomplish generalization tasks. Additionally, we provide a theoretical analysis of the summary graph learning mechanism, guaranteeing that the learned summary graph is consistent with the original graph. Experimental results validate the effectiveness of the SIL model. © 1989-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Contrastive Learning

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