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ICML 2006: 23rd International Conference on Machine Learning

作者： Fink, Michael Shalev-Shwartz, Shai Singer, Yoram Ullman, Shimon Center for Neural Computation Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel School of Computer Science and Engineering Hebrew University Jerusalem 91904 Israel Google Inc. 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway Mountain View CA 94043 United States Weizmann Institute Rehovot 76100 Israel

ISBN: (纸本)1595933832

We describe a general framework for online multiclass learning based on the notion of hypothesis sharing. In our framework sets of classes are associated with hypotheses. Thus, all classes within a given set share the same hypothesis. This framework includes as special cases commonly used constructions for multiclass categorization such as allocating a unique hypothesis for each class and allocating a single common hypothesis for all classes. We generalize the multiclass Perception to our framework and derive a unifying mistake bound analysis. Our construction naturally extends to settings where the number of classes is not known in advance but, rather, is revealed along the online learning process. We demonstrate the merits of our approach by comparing it to previous methods on both synthetic and natural datasets.

关键词： Online systems

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Information bottleneck for non co-occurrence data 06

Information bottleneck for non co-occurrence data

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Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Neural Information Processing Systems

作者： Yevgeny Seldin Noam Slonim Naftali Tishby School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem The Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University School of Computer Science and Engineering The Hebrew University of Jerusalem and Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation The Hebrew University of Jerusalem

We present a general model-independent approach to the analysis of data in cases when these data do not appear in the form of co-occurrence of two variables X, Y, but rather as a sample of values of an unknown (stochastic) function Z(X, Y). For example, in gene expression data, the expression level Z is a function of gene X and condition Y; or in movie ratings data the rating Z is a function of viewer X and movie Y. The approach represents a consistent extension of the Information Bottleneck method that has previously relied on the availability of co-occurrence statistics. By altering the relevance variable we eliminate the need in the sample of joint distribution of all input variables. This new formulation also enables simple MDL-like model complexity control and prediction of missing values of Z. The approach is analyzed and shown to be on a par with the best known clustering algorithms for a wide range of domains. For the prediction of missing values (collaborative filtering) it improves the currently best known results.

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A concurrency control method for parallel btree structures 22

A concurrency control method for parallel btree structures

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22nd International Conference on Data engineering Workshops, ICDEW 2006

作者： Yoshihara, Tomohiro Kobayashi, Dai Taguchi, Ryo Yokota, Haruo Department of Computer Science Tokyo Institute of Technology Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8552 Japan Science and Technical Research Laboratories Japan Broadcasting Corporation 1-10-11 Kinuta Setagaya-ku Tokyo157-8510 Japan Global Scientific Information and Computing Center Tokyo Institute of Technology 2-12-1 Ookayama Meguro-ku Tokyo152-8550 Japan

ISBN: (纸本)0769525717

A new concurrency control protocol for parallel Btree structures, MARK-OPT, is proposed. MARK-OPT marks the lowest structure-modification-operation (SMO) occurrence point during optimistic latch coupling operations, to reduce the cost of SMO compared to the conventional protocols such as ARIES/IM and INC-OPT. The marking reduces the frequency of restarts for spreading the range of X latches, which will clearly improves the system throughput. Moreover, the MARK-OPT is deadlock free and satisfies the physical consistency requirement for Btrees. These indicate that the MARK-OPT is right and suitable as a concurrency control protocol for Btree structures. This paper also proposes three variations of the protocol, INC-MARKOPT, 2P-INT-MARK-OPT and 2P-REP-MARK-OPT, by focusing on tree structure changes from other transactions. We implement the proposed protocols, the INC-OPT, and the ARIES/IM for the Fat-Btree, a form of parallel Btree, and compare the performance of these protocols using a large-scale blade system. The experimental results indicate that the proposed protocols always improve the system throughput, and the 2P-REP-MARK-OPT is the most useful protocol in a high update environment. Moreover, in the experiment, the low frequency of restarts in the proposed protocols indicates that the marking in the proposed protocols is effective. © 2006 IEEE.

关键词： Concurrency control

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A high-availability software update method for distributed storage systems

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Systems and computers in Japan 2006年第10期37卷 35-46页

作者： Kobayashi, Dai Watanabe, Akitsugu Uehara, Toshihiro Yokota, Haruo Department of Computer Science Graduate School of Information Science and Engineering Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan NHK Science and Technical Research Laboratories Tokyo 157-8510 Japan Global Scientific Information and Computing Center Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo 152-8552 Japan

In this paper, we propose a nonstop system upgrade method without significant performance degradation for data management software. To reduce disk accesses and network traffic, we construct logical nodes inside a physical node and migrate data between the symbiotic logical nodes. This logical migration is assisted by storage management functions that hide data location and migration from users. We also show the effectiveness of our method using experimental results on the system based on the Autonomous Disks we have proposed as a highly available storage system technology. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

关键词： computer software

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Efficient representation as a design principle for neural coding and computation

Efficient representation as a design principle for neural co...

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IEEE International Symposium on Information Theory

作者： William Bialek Rob R. De Ruyter Van Steveninck Naftali Tishby Joseph Henry Laboratories of Physics Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics Princeton University Princeton New Jersey USA Department of Physics Indiana University Bloomington Indiana USA School of Computer Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Center for Neural Computation Hebrew University Jerusalem Israel

ISBN: (纸本)142440505X

Does the brain construct an efficient representation of the sensory world? We review progress on this question, focusing on a series of experiments in the last decade which use fly vision as a model system in which theory and experiment can confront each other. Although the idea of efficient representation has been productive, clearly it is incomplete since it doesn't tell us which bits of sensory information are most valuable to the organism. We argue that, in fact, an organism which maximizes the (biologically meaningful) adaptive value of its actions given fixed resources must have internal representations of the outside world that are optimal in a very specific information theoretic sense: they maximize the information about the future of sensory inputs at a fixed value of the information about their past. This principle contains as special cases computations which the brain seems to carry out, and it should be possible to test this optimization directly. We return to the fly visual system and report the results of preliminary experiments that are in very suggestive agreement with theory

关键词： Neurons Visual system Physics computing Design engineering Organisms System testing Laboratories Genomics Bioinformatics computer science

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Heuristics for estimating contact area of supports in layered manufacturing

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ACM Journal of Experimental Algorithmics 2006年 11卷 1.6–es页

作者： Ilinkin, Ivayio Janardan, Ravi Smid, Michiel Johnson, Eric Castillo, Paul Schwerdt, Jörg Department of Mathematics and Computer Science Rhodes College Memphis 38112 TN United States Department of Computer Science and Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis 55455 MN United States School of Computer Science Carleton University Ottawa K1S 5B6 ON Canada Center for Applied Scientific Computing Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Livermore 94551 CA United States Softwarebüro Bubel GmbH Kirkel 66459 Germany

Layered manufacturing is a technology that allows physical prototypes of three-dimensional(3D) models to be built directly from their digital representation, as a stack of two-dimensional(2D) layers. A key design problem here is the choice of a suitable direction in which the digital model should be oriented and built so as to minimize the area of contact between the prototype and temporary support structures that are generated during the build. Devising an efficient algorithm for computing such a direction has remained a difficult problem for quite some time. In this paper, a suite of efficient and practical heuristics is presented for estimating the minimum contact area. Also given is a technique for evaluating the quality of the estimate provided by any heuristic, which does not require knowledge of the (unknown and hard-to-compute) optimal solution;instead, it provides an indirect upper bound on the quality of the estimate via two relatively easy-to-compute quantities. The algorithms are based on various techniques from computational geometry, such as ray-shooting, convex hulls, boolean operations on polygons, and spherical arrangements, and have been implemented and tested. Experimental results on a wide range of real-world models show that the heuristics perform quite well in practice. © 2006 ACM.

关键词： Algorithm implementation and testing Algorithms computational geometry E.1 [Data structures] Experimentation F.2.2 [Analysis of algorithms and problem complexity]: Nonnumerical algorithms and problems I.6 [computer-aided engineering] Measurement Performance Theory

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Transforming K-12 education via the collaborative large-scale engineering analysis network for environmental research (CLEANER) project

Transforming K-12 education via the collaborative large-scal...

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113th Annual ASEE Conference and Exposition, 2006

作者： Eschenbach, Elizabeth Johnson, James H. Brus, Chris Carlson, Patricia Giammar, Dan Grauer, Bette Hotaling, Liesl Oguntimein, Gbekeloluwa Safferman, Steven Wentling, Tim Humboldt State University United States Department of Environmental Resources Engineering Humboldt State University United States Howard University United States Department of Environmental Engineering College of Engineering Architecture and Computer Sciences Howard University United States Board of Scientific Counselors Executive Committee U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Office of Research and Development United States EPA's Science Advisory Board Department of Energy-sponsored HBCU/MI Environmental Technology Consortium Board Environmental Studies and Toxicology and the Engineering Council of the American Society for Engineering Education United States University of Iowa United States Program University of Iowa United States Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology United States Department of Rhetoric Rose-Hulman Institute ot Technology U.S. Air Forcer United States Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground NASA's Classroom of the Future Wheeling WV United States Washington University United States Department of Civil Engineering Washington University St. Louis United States Environmental Engineering Science Program Center for Materials Innovation United States McPherson High School United States McPherson High School McPherson KS United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Stevens Institute of Technology United States Morgan State University United States Michigan State University United States Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering Department Michigan State University United States University of Dayton United States U.S. EPA Office of Research and Development United States National Center for Supercomputing Applications United States Department of Information Science Graduate School of Library and Information Science National Center for Supercomputing Applications University of Illinois United States

The Collaborative Large-scale engineering Analysis Network for Environmental Research (CLEANER) Project Office has been established with funding from the National science Foundation (NSF) to the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign (UIUC) and a coalition of 11 other institutions. The project office is coordinating the creation of a strategic plan consisting of research, cyberinfrastructure, and education plans that set forth a roadmap for the collaborative engineering analysis network for the study of environmental problems. This report will be completed by July 2007 and requires input from K-12 educators, administrators and other stakeholders in K-12 education. This paper describes the CLEANER project, provides an example of the CLEANER Education Committee's vision for the K-12 area and lists contacts for further information. The intention of this paper is to elicit input from the K-12 engineering education community, including K-12 educators, on how the CLEANER Education Plan could better meet the future needs of K-12 students and educators © American Society for engineering Education, 2006.

关键词： engineering education

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A meshfree method and its applications to elasto-plastic problems

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Journal of Zhejiang University-science A(Applied Physics & engineering) 2005年第2期6卷 148-154页

作者：张继发张文普郑耀 Center for Engineering and Scientific Computation School of Computer Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China Center for Engineering and Scientific Computation Department of Mechanics

Standard finite element approaches are still ineffective in handling extreme material deformation, such as cases of large deformations and moving discontinuities due to severe mesh distortion. Among meshfree methods developed to overcome the ineffectiveness, Reproducing Kernel Particle Method (RKPM) has demonstrated its great suitability for structural *** paper presents applications of RKPM in elasto-plastic problems after a review of meshfree methods and an introduction to RKPM. A slope stability problem in geotechnical engineering is analyzed as an illustrative case. The corresponding numerical simulations are carried out on an SGI Onyx3900 supercomputer. Comparison of the RKPM and the FEM under identical conditions showed that the RKPM is more suitable for problems where there exists extremely large strain such as in the case of slope sliding.

关键词： Meshfree methods RKPM Elasto-plasticity Geotechnical engineering

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DDDAS Approaches to Wildland Fire Modeling and Contaminant Tracking 06

DDDAS Approaches to Wildland Fire Modeling and Contaminant T...

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Simulation Winter Conference

作者： Craig C. Douglas Robert A. Lodder Richard E. Ewing Yalchin Efendiev Guan Qin Janice Coen Mauricio Kritz Jonathan D. Beezley Jan Mandel Mohamed Iskandarani Anthony Vodacek Gundolf Haase Computer Science Department University of Kentucky Lexington KY U.S.A Department of Mathematical Sciences University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center Denver CO U.S.A Institute for Scientific Computation Texas A & M University TX U.S.A University of Miami Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science Miami FL U.S.A National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder CO U.S.A Rochester Institute of Technology Center for Imaging Science Rochester NY U.S.A Laboratorio Nacional de Computacao Cientifica Petropolis RJ BRASIL Karl-Franzens University of Graz Mathematics and Computational Sciences Graz AUSTRIA

ISBN: (纸本)9781424405015

We report on two ongoing efforts to build dynamic data driven application systems (DDDAS) for (1) short-range forecasting of weather and wildfire behavior from real time weather data, images, and sensor streams, and (2) contaminant identification and tracking in water bodies. Both systems change their forecasts as new data is received. We use one long term running simulation that self corrects using out of order, imperfect sensor data. The DDDAS versions replace codes that were previously run using data only in initial conditions. DDDAS entails the ability to dynamically incorporate additional data into an executing application, and in reverse, the ability of an application to dynamically steer the measurement process

关键词： Fires Pollution measurement Chemical sensors Weather forecasting Application software Sensor systems computational modeling Image sensors Design optimization Chemical analysis

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An infrastructure for grid job monitoring

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4th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing - GCC 2005

作者： Luan, Cuiju Song, Guanghua Zheng, Yao College of Computer Science Center for Engineering and Scientific Computation Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China

ISBN: (纸本)3540305106

As a part of an ongoing project titled MASSIVE, we have designed and implemented the MASSIVE Monitoring System (MMS) to monitor grid jobs. MMS is able to work on multiple sites and support multiple users. In addition to grid jobs, MMS is capable of monitoring and steering file operations. The Job Register Code (JRC) is adopted to map a job to its processes, and used to decide whether a user can access the monitoring information or steer the jobs. MMS supports top-down start-up of the monitoring components, which can ensure the components at their places. © Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2005.

关键词： Distributed computer systems

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