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arXiv 2021年

作者： Marelli, Damián Xu, Yong Fu, Minyue Huang, Zenghong The School of Automation Guangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China The French Argentine International Center for Information and Systems Sciences National Scientific and Technical Research Council Argentina The School of Automation Guandong University of Technology China The School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science University of Newcastle CallaghanNSW2308 Australia

The distributed optimization problem is set up in a collection of nodes interconnected via a communication network. The goal is to find the minimizer of a global objective function formed by the addition of partial functions locally known at each node. A number of methods are available for addressing this problem, having different advantages. The goal of this work is to achieve the maximum possible convergence rate. As the first step towards this end, we propose a new method which we show converges faster than other available options. As with most distributed optimization methods, convergence rate depends on a step size parameter. As the second step towards our goal we complement the proposed method with a fully distributed method for estimating the optimal step size that maximizes convergence speed. We provide theoretical guarantees for the convergence of the resulting method in a neighborhood of the solution. Also, for the case in which the global objective function has a single local minimum, we provide a different step size selection criterion together with theoretical guarantees for convergence. We present numerical experiments showing that, when using the same step size, our method converges significantly faster than its rivals. Experiments also show that the distributed step size estimation method achieves an asymptotic convergence rate very close to the theoretical maximum. Copyright © 2021, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Ion beams

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Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association (MENAHIA): Technological initiatives for 'One Health'

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Yearbook of Medical Informatics 2023年第1期32卷 320-329页

作者： Abd-Alrazaq, Alaa Al-Shorbaji, Najeeb Lakhdari, Kheira Elbokl, Ahmed Farouk, Hani Wahba, Hoda Elgasser, Naema Mohell, Rania Emara, Tamer Ayatollahi, Haleh Kalhori, Sharareh R. Niakan Rabiei, Reza Tara, Mahmood Akhu-Zaheya, Laila Al-Qutob, Raeda Alrazak, Sadam Alabed Al-Jafar, Eiman Alhuwail, Dari Ghazal, Hassan Dehbi, Zineb El Otmani Al Idrissi, Najib Fihri, Ouafaa Fassi Belyamani, Lahcen Shahzad, Tariq Ahmed, Zakiuddin Ahmad, Arfan Shah, Zubair Hamra, Eman Abu Taweel, Adel Nashwan, Abdulqadir J. Househ, Mowafa Hamdi, Mounir Al-Thani, Dena Alam, Tanvir Alshammari, Abdulwahhab Alnafrani, Sana Alali, Haitham AI Center for Precision Health Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatarc Doha Qatar EHealth Development Association Amman Jordan Abou Bekr Belkaid University of Tlemcen Chetouane Algeria Ain Shams University Virtual Hospital Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt Ain Shams University Cairo Egypt World Health Organization Cairo Egypt Alexandria Regional Blood Transfusion Center Alexandria University Alexandria Egypt Health Management and Economics Research Center Health Management Research Institute Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Information Management School of Health Management and Information Sciences Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Department of Health Information Management School of Allied Medical Sciences Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics (PLRI) Technical University of Braunschweig Hannover Medical School Braunschweig Germany Department of Health Information Technology and Management School of Allied Medical Sciences Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciencesc Tehran Iran Department of Medical Informatics Faculty of Medicine Mashhad University of Medical Sciencesc Mashhad Iran School of Nursing Jordan University of Science and Technology Jordan Jordan Centre for Disease Control and Prevention Amman Jordan Faculty of Applied Science and Engineering University of Toronto Toronto Canada Kuwait Health Informatics Association Kuwait Information Science Department College of Life Sciences Kuwait University Kuwait Health Informatics Unit Dasman Diabetes Institute Kuwait Mohammed VI University of Health Sciences Casablanca Morocco National Center for Scientific and Technical Research (CNRST) Rabat Morocco Hassan II Agronomic and Veterinary Institute Rabat Morocco COMSATS University Islamabad Sahiwal Campus Islamabad Pakistan Digital Care Karachi Pakistan College of Science and Engineering Hamad Bin Khalifa University Doha Qatar Al Quds Unive

MENAHIA (Middle East and North African Health Informatics Association) is the International Medical Informatics Association chapter dedicated to the Middle East and North Africa region. This region is rapidly growing in terms of the use of health informatics or what has been recently coined digital health. Human health is highly affected by the health of the environment, animal health, food, nutrition, climate change, and many other factors that are beyond the biological or genetic structure of human beings. The impact of animal health and the health of the environment on people's health is an old phenomenon but recent reemerging and appearance of diseases have clearly demonstrated the link between these. The Novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) that almost all of us have been suffering from is an example of this. A number of countries in the region have already shown the depth and the work that they do to integrate the concept of 'One Health' in the public health surveillance system as they have described the work that has been done to capture data from databases other than those dealing with human beings. The examples that were provided to monitor the health of animals, agriculture, environmental health, climate change, and man-made and natural disasters are just examples of what countries have been registering in their databases and informing the health authorities of these changes and emerging trends. © The Author(s) 2023.

关键词： 'One Health' 'One Health' informatics Algeria Artificial Intelligence Climate Change Digital Health Egypt Health Informatics Health Information Technologies International Medical Informatics Association (IMIA) Iran Jordan Kuwait MENAHIA Middle East and North Africa Morocco Pakistan Palestine Qatar Saudi Arabia United Arab Emirates Zoonitic Diseases

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A computational framework for Carreau nanomaterial induced by stretchy regime considering Brownian diffusion, viscous dissipation, ferromagnetism and thermophoresis

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Partial Differential Equations in Applied Mathematics 2025年 13卷

作者： Hussain, Iftikhar Khan, Waqar Azeem Tabrez, Muhammad Waqas, M. Ibrahim, Talib K. Saidani, Taoufik Kausar, M.S. Zamri, Nurnadiah Abdullaeva, Barno Garalleh, Hakim AL Department of Mathematics Mohi-ud-Din Islamic University Nerian Sharif Jammu and Kashmir Azad 12010 Pakistan School of Mathematics and Statistics Beijing Institute of Technology Beijing 100081 China NUTECH School of Applied Sciences and Humanities National University of Technology Islamabad 44000 Pakistan Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin Besut Campus Terengganu Besut 22200 Malaysia Department of Computer Science and Mathematics Lebanese American University Beirut Lebanon Department of Petroleum Engineering College of Engineering Knowledge University Erbil 44001 Iraq Department of Petroleum Engineering Al-Kitab University Altun Kupri Iraq Center for Scientific Research and Entrepreneurship Northern Border University Arar 73213 Saudi Arabia Faculty of Informatics and Computing Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Kampus Gong Badak) Terengganu Kuala Terengganu 21300 Malaysia Department of Mathematics and Information Technologies Vice-Rector for Scientific Affairs Tashkent State Pedagogical University Tashkent Uzbekistan Department of Mathematical Science College of Engineering University of Business and Technology Jeddah 21361 Saudi Arabia

In recent decade, the research in nanotechnology brought the idea of nanofluids which are highly conducting materials. Some important applications of nanofluids are justified in pharmaceutical industry, coolants in vehicles engine, preparation process of various medicines for treatment of fatal diseases like cancer, aircraft industry, latest heat exchangers etc. The ferro particles are special class of nanomaterial which attract variety of interest from the researchers. The objective of current research is to perform the investigation for heat and mass transfer subject to Carreau nanofluid to observe the enhancement of heat transmission phenomena. The induction of magnetic dipole has been observed for thermal transport phenomenon. The flow is causing by stretched surface. A simplified system is obtained by utilizing the dimensionless variables. Physical interpretation of results have been presented. Result showed that temperature profile in presence of ferrofluid fluid boosts up with escalation in thermophoresis parameter, while opposite behavior is noted for power law index. The concentration of ferrofluid showing declining behavior for Schmidt numbers and rises for thermophoresis parameter. © 2024

关键词： Carreau ferrofluid Heat and mass transfer Magnetic dipole Numerical solution

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Convex Optimization for Nonequilibrium Steady States on a Hybrid Quantum Processor

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Physical Review Letters 2023年第24期130卷 240601-240601页

作者： Jonathan Wei Zhong Lau Kian Hwee Lim Kishor Bharti Leong-Chuan Kwek Sai Vinjanampathy Centre for Quantum Technologies National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 2 Singapore 117543 Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science and Joint Quantum Institute NIST/University of Maryland College Park Maryland 20742 USA Institute of High Performance Computing (IHPC) Agency for Science Technology and Research (A*STAR) 1 Fusionopolis Way No. 16-16 Connexis Singapore 138632 Republic of Singapore MajuLab CNRS-UNS-NUS-NTU International Joint Research Unit Singapore UMI 3654 Singapore National Institute of Education Nanyang Technological University 1 Nanyang Walk Singapore 637616 Singapore School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering Block S2.1 50 Nanyang Avenue Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Physics Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India Centre of Excellence in Quantum Information Computation Science and Technology Indian Institute of Technology Bombay Powai Mumbai 400076 India

Finding the transient and steady state properties of open quantum systems is a central problem in various fields of quantum technologies. Here, we present a quantum-assisted algorithm to determine the steady states of open system dynamics. By reformulating the problem of finding the fixed point of Lindblad dynamics as a feasibility semidefinite program, we bypass several well-known issues with variational quantum approaches to solving for steady states. We demonstrate that our hybrid approach allows us to estimate the steady states of higher dimensional open quantum systems and discuss how our method can find multiple steady states for systems with symmetries.

关键词： Learning theory Machine learning Open quantum systems & decoherence Quantum algorithms Nonequilibrium systems

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Multiview Integration Network for Multitask Robotic Surgical Scene Analysis

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IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 2025年 74卷

作者： Shen, Wenting Wang, Yaonan Liu, Min Wang, Jiazheng Ding, Renjie Zhang, Zhe Meijering, Erik Hunan University College of Electrical and Information Engineering National Engineering Research Center of Robot Visual Perception and Control Technology International Scientific and Technological Innovation Cooperation Base for Biomedical Image Processing Hunan Changsha410082 China University of New South Wales School of Computer Science and Engineering SydneyNSW2052 Australia

Surgical scene analysis holds a pivotal role in robot-assisted surgery. However, existing methods often suffer from single or little views, leading to erroneous scene analysis conclusions. To address these issues, a novel Multiview Integration Network (MVINet) is proposed, which comprehensively analyzes the surgical scene by integrating effective information from multiple views, including global, local, dynamic, and static views. As a multitask scene analysis network, MVINet could simultaneously perform semantic segmentation of surgical instruments and detection of instrument-tissue interaction. By designing a unique Global-Local Spatial Feature Memory module (G-LSFM), the joint information from globally and locally analyzed views following graph analysis simultaneously enhances the accuracy of multitask scene analysis. The Dynamic-Static Visual Feature Memory module (D-SVFM) introduces an innovative approach by simultaneously incorporating temporal feature from consecutive frames and static feature from single frame into the node features of the interaction reasoning network. The multiscale perspective of both features further enhances the ability of the module to analyze the complex scenes. Experimental results on a public and a private dataset demonstrate that our method achieves superior performance compared to other state-of-the-art methods for two crucial tasks in surgical scene analysis. In the instrument segmentation task, MVINet outperforms the second-best method by 1.73% and 0.55% in terms of mIoU scores. For the interaction detection task, MVINet surpasses the second-best method by 10.14% and 5.47% in mAP scores. © 1963-2012 IEEE.

关键词： Semantic Segmentation

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Wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect

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Physical Review B 2022年第7期106卷 075409-075409页

作者： Zhihao Chen Yu Chen Yaodong Wu Xinxing Zhou Handong Sun Tony Low Hongsheng Chen Xiao Lin Key Laboratory of Low-Dimensional Quantum Structures and Quantum Control of Ministry of Education Synergetic Innovation Center for Quantum Effects and Applications School of Physics and Electronics Hunan Normal University Changsha 410081 China International Collaborative Laboratory of 2D Materials for Optoelectronics Science and Technology Engineering Technology Research Center for 2D Material Information Function Devices and Systems of Guangdong Province Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics Shenzhen University Shenzhen 518060 China Division of Physics and Applied Physics School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Centre for Disruptive Photonic Technologies (CDPT) School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences Nanyang Technological University Singapore 637371 Singapore Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota 55455 USA Interdisciplinary Center for Quantum Information State Key Laboratory of Modern Optical Instrumentation ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China International Joint Innovation Center ZJU-UIUC Institute The Electromagnetics Academy at Zhejiang University Zhejiang University Haining 314400 China

The photonic spin Hall effect is a manifestation of the spin-orbit interaction of light and can be measured by a transverse shift δ of photons with opposite spins. The precise measurement of transverse shifts can enable many spin-related applications, such as precise metrology and optical sensing. However, this transverse shift is generally small (i.e., δ/λ<10−1, where λ is the wavelength), which impedes its precise measurement. To date, proposals to generate a giant spin Hall effect (namely, with δ/λ>102) have severe limitations, particularly its occurrence only over a narrow angular cone (with a width of Δθ<1∘). Here we propose a universal scheme to realize the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect with Δθ>70∘ by exploiting the interface between free space and uniaxial epsilon-near-zero media. The underlying mechanism is ascribed to the almost-perfect polarization splitting between s and p polarized waves at the designed interface. Remarkably, this almost-perfect polarization splitting does not resort to the interference effect and is insensitive to the incident angle, which then gives rise to the wide-angle giant photonic spin Hall effect.

关键词： Light-matter interaction Photonics Spin Hall effect Spin-orbit coupling

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Abstracting fairness: Oracles, metrics, and interpretability 1

Abstracting fairness: Oracles, metrics, and interpretability

引用

1st Symposium on Foundations of Responsible Computing, FORC 2020

作者： Dwork, Cynthia Ilvento, Christina Rothblum, Guy N. Sur, Pragya Harvard John A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences CambridgeMA United States Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study CambridgeMA United States Microsoft Research Mountain ViewCA United States Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics Weizmann Institute of Science Rehovot Israel Harvard University Center for Research on Computation and Society CambridgeMA United States

ISBN: (纸本)9783959771429

It is well understood that classification algorithms, for example, for deciding on loan applications, cannot be evaluated for fairness without taking context into account. We examine what can be learned from a fairness oracle equipped with an underlying understanding of "true" fairness. The oracle takes as input a (context, classifier) pair satisfying an arbitrary fairness definition, and accepts or rejects the pair according to whether the classifier satisfies the underlying fairness truth. Our principal conceptual result is an extraction procedure that learns the underlying truth;moreover, the procedure can learn an approximation to this truth given access to a weak form of the oracle. Since every "truly fair" classifier induces a coarse metric, in which those receiving the same decision are at distance zero from one another and those receiving different decisions are at distance one, this extraction process provides the basis for ensuring a rough form of metric fairness, also known as individual fairness. Our principal technical result is a higher fidelity extractor under a mild technical constraint on the weak oracles conception of fairness. Our framework permits the scenario in which many classifiers, with differing outcomes, may all be considered fair. Our results have implications for interpretablity – a highly desired but poorly defined property of classification systems that endeavors to permit a human arbiter to reject classifiers deemed to be "unfair" or illegitimately derived. © Cynthia Dwork, Christina Ilvento, Guy N. Rothblum, and Pragya Sur;licensed under Creative Commons License CC-BY

关键词： Extraction

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Polarization dynamics of solid-state quantum emitters

arXiv

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arXiv 2023年

作者： Kumar, Anand Samaner, Çağlar Cholsuk, Chanaprom Matthes, Tjorben Paçal, Serkan Oyun, Yağız Zand, Ashkan Chapman, Robert J. Saerens, Grégoire Grange, Rachel Suwanna, Sujin Ateş, Serkan Vogl, Tobias Department of Computer Engineering School of Computation Information and Technology Technical University of Munich Munich80333 Germany Abbe Center of Photonics Institute of Applied Physics Friedrich Schiller University Jena Jena07745 Germany Department of Physics İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir35430 Turkey Department of Photonics İzmir Institute of Technology İzmir35430 Turkey Optical Nanomaterial Group Institute for Quantum Electronics Department of Physics ETH Zurich Zurich8093 Switzerland Optical and Quantum Physics Laboratory Department of Physics Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok10400 Thailand

Quantum emitters in solid-state crystals have recently attracted a lot of attention due to their simple applicability in optical quantum technologies. The polarization of single photons generated by quantum emitters is one of the key parameters that play a crucial role in the applications, such as quantum computation that uses the indistinguishability of photons. However, the degree of single photon polarization is typically quantified using time-averaged photoluminescence intensity of single emitters, which provides limited information about the dipole properties in solids. In this work, we use single defects in hexagonal boron nitride and nanodiamond as efficient room-temperature single photon sources to reveal the origin and the temporal evolution of dipole orientation in solid-state quantum emitters. The angle of excitation and emission dipoles relative to the crystal axes are determined experimentally and then calculated using density functional theory, which results in characteristic angles for every specific defect that can be used as an efficient tool for defect identification and understanding their atomic structure. Moreover, the temporal polarization dynamics reveal a strongly modified linear polarization visibility that depends on the excited state decay time of individual excitation. This effect can be traced back potentially to the excitation of excess charges in the local crystal environment. Understanding such hidden time-dependent mechanisms can further be used to improve the performance of polarization-sensitive experiments, in particular that of quantum communication with single photon emitters. © 2023, CC BY.

关键词： Density functional theory

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Overcoming entropic limitations on asymptotic state transformations through probabilistic protocols

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2022年

作者： Regula, Bartosz Lami, Ludovico Wilde, Mark M. Department of Physics Graduate School of Science The University of Tokyo Bunkyo-ku Tokyo113-0033 Japan Institut für Theoretische Physik und IQST Universität Ulm Albert-Einstein-Allee 11 UlmD-89069 Germany School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell University IthacaNY14850 United States Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics Department of Physics and Astronomy Center for Computation and Technology Louisiana State University Baton RougeLA70803 United States

The quantum relative entropy is known to play a key role in determining the asymptotic convertibility of quantum states in general resource-theoretic settings, often constituting the unique monotone that is relevant in the asymptotic regime. We show that this is no longer the case when one allows stochastic protocols that may only succeed with some probability, in which case the quantum relative entropy is insufficient to characterize the rates of asymptotic state transformations, and a new entropic quantity based on a regularization of the Hilbert projective metric comes into play. Such a scenario is motivated by a setting where the cost associated with transformations of quantum states, typically taken to be the number of copies of a given state, is instead identified with the size of the quantum memory needed to realize the protocol. Our approach allows for constructing transformation protocols that achieve strictly higher rates than those imposed by the relative entropy. Focusing on the task of resource distillation, we give broadly applicable strong converse bounds on the asymptotic rates of probabilistic distillation protocols, and show them to be tight in relevant settings such as entanglement distillation with non-entangling operations. This generalizes and extends previously known limitations that only applied to deterministic protocols. Our methods are based on recent results for probabilistic one-shot transformations as well as a new asymptotic equipartition property for the projective relative entropy. Copyright © 2022, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Distillation

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Berry Curvature and Bulk-Boundary Correspondence from Transport Measurement for Photonic Chern Bands

arXiv

引用

arXiv 2023年

作者： Chen, Chao Liu, Run-Ze Wu, Jizhou Su, Zu-En Ding, Xing Qin, Jian Wang, Lin Zhang, Wei-Wei He, Yu Wang, Xi-Lin Lu, Chao-Yang Li, Li Sanders, Barry C. Liu, Xiong-Jun Pan, Jian-Wei Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale Department of Modern Physics University of Science and Technology of China Anhui Hefei230026 China CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of China Shanghai201315 China National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures School of Physics Nanjing University Nanjing210093 China Department of Physics Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China The Physics Department The Solid State Institute Technion—Israel Institute of Technology Haifa3200003 Israel Department of Physics University of Konstanz KonstanzD-78457 Germany School of Computer Science Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an710129 China Shenzhen Institute for Quantum Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and Technology Shenzhen518055 China Institute for Quantum Science and Technology University of Calgary ABT2N 1N4 Canada International Center for Quantum Materials School of Physics Peking University Beijing100871 China CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100190 China International Quantum Academy Shenzhen518048 China

Berry curvature is a fundamental element to characterize topological quantum physics, while a full measurement of Berry curvature in momentum space was not reported for topological states. Here we achieve two-dimensional Berry curvature reconstruction in a photonic quantum anomalous Hall system via Hall transport measurement of a momentum-resolved wave packet. Integrating measured Berry curvature over the two-dimensional Brillouin zone, we obtain Chern numbers corresponding to −1 and 0. Further, we identify bulk-boundary correspondence by measuring topology-linked chiral edge states at the boundary. The full topological characterization of photonic Chern bands from Berry curvature, Chern number, and edge transport measurements enables our photonic system to serve as a versatile platform for further in-depth study of novel topological physics. Copyright © 2023, The Authors. All rights reserved.

关键词： Fruits

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